Устно переведите следующий текст. Дайте письменный перевод абзацев 1,3, 5.
If you are worried about the environment, you might buy organic food; if you want to help poor farmers, you can do your bit by buying fairtrade products; or you can express a dislike of multinational companies and rampant globalization by buying only local production. And the best thing is that shopping is fun; so you can do good and enjoy yourself at the same time. Sadly, but it is not that easy. There are good reasons to doubt the claims made about three of the most popular varieties of “ ethical food ”: organic food, fairtrade food and local food. People who want to make the world a better place cannot do so by shifting their shopping habits: transforming the planet requires duller disciplines, like politics.
Organic food, which is grown without man-made pesticides and fertilizers, is generally assumed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional intensive farming, which is heavily reliant on chemical inputs. But it all depends on what you mean by “ environmentally friendly ”. Farming is inherently bad for the environment since the result has been deforestation on a massive scale.
Fairtrade food is designed to raise poor farmer incomes. It is sold at a higher price than ordinary food, with a subsidy passed back to the farmer. But prices of agricultural commodities are low because of overproduction.
Surely the case for local food, produced as close as possible to the consumer in order to minimize “food miles” and, by extension, carbon emission, is clear? Surprisingly not. A study of Britain’s foods system found that nearly half of food-vehicle miles were driven by cars going to and from the shops, therefore more local food could mean more food-vehicle miles. And what is more, once the energy used in the production as well as transport is taken into account, local food may turn out to be even less green.
So what should the ethically minded consumer do? Real changes will require action by governments, in the form of a global carbon tax; reform of the world trade system; and the abolition of the agricultural tariffs and subsidies. But these changes will come about only through difficult, international, political deals that the world’s governments have so far failed to do.
1.2. Опираясь на текст, переведите на английский язык следующие слова и выражения:
Окружающая среда, внести вклад, дочерняя компания, трудовая этика, сильно зависеть от, химикаты, доход, сельскохозяйственные товары широкого потребления, принимать во внимание, оказываться, налог, трудоёмкий, торговая система, не удаваться что-либо сделать, вырубка лесов, потребитель, средство передвижения, требовать.
1.3 Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What bit can you do if you are worried about the environment?
2. What does the notion “ ethical food” include?
3. Why can farming be considered bad for the environment?
4. Why does local food turn out to be less green?
5. What should the ethically minded consumer do? And why? Express your own opinion.
1 .4 Подчеркните пунктирной линией все случаи употребления герундия в тексте.
Выпишите из текста существительные с левыми и правыми определениями, выраженными неличными формами глагола (Participle I, Participle II, Gerund, Infinitive.
Лексико-грамматические задания.
Переведите письменно предложения на русский язык.
1. One of the tasks of social workers is to help communities provide or improve social and health services.
2. Social workers are supposed to know not only about human development and behavior, about social, economic and cultural institutions but also about the interaction of all these factors.
3. There is no objective and unique definition of poverty, which demonstrates exactly when somebody is poor.
4. People are defined as «poor» when they cannot sufficiently satisfy some of their absolute needs.
5. An obsession, compulsion, or excessive physical dependence or psychological dependence are described by the term «addiction».
6. There are also some kinds ofexcessive physical dependence or psychological dependence, such as: drug addiction, crime, alcoholism, compulsive overeating, problem gambling and others.
Заполните пропуски, выбрав соответствующее слово из списка.
Car giant sends in the spy girls.
Ford has set (1) …. a female ‘spy’ team to visit dealers and make sure they treat women car buyers (2) …. and with respect.
The company says women now buy four (3) … of every 10 new cars sold in Britain. This is the (4) …. proportion in Europe where the women buyers’ share averages three in ten. The company’s International Women’s Marketing Panel will ensure that its products and service meet the needs of (5) … customers and that they get a (6) … deal.
The team is (7) … up of British women Ford workers and (8) … from nine European countries. It has (9) … 16 members supported by a sub-committee of 40. The panel’s members go on ‘mystery shops’ during which they visit dealerships (10) … as prospective buyers. Reports are fed back to (11) … management so that recommendations can (12) … considered in future plans.
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Up, seriously, out, highest, female, fair, made, others, permanent, posing, senior, be.
Грамматические задания.