Answer the following questions

CONTENTS

Введение…….…………………………………………………………….4

Unit 1…...……………………………………………………….................5

Unit 2…...………………………………………………………...............18

Unit 3……...………………………………………………………...........32

Unit 4.......………………………………………………………………...44

Unit 5…...………………………………………………………………...58

Unit 6…...………………………………………………………………...70

Unit 7…...………………………………………………………………...80

Unit 8…...………………………………………………………………...94

Unit 9.......……………………………………………………………….105

Unit 10…….…………………………………………………………….118

Unit 11…………………………………………………………………..131

Unit 12 ………………………………………………………………… 146

Additional reading...…………………………….………………………160

GrammarReferencesection…………………………………………….181

Conclusion………………………………………………………………199

References...……………………...……………………………..............200

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Учебное пособие содержит учебный материал, разработанный с опорой на концепцию внутренней формы языковых реалий различных областей знаний. Составление пособия проводилось с учетом особенностей латентных параметров изучаемых терминосистем: информационные и инфокоммуникационные технологии, нанотехнологии и наноматериалы в информатике, медицине и авиационной промышленности, космические технологии, защита окружающей среды, экономика и финансы.

Современные психолингвистические исследования подтверждают наличие суггестивных ресурсов терминов как единиц анализа специального текста, что позволяет экспериментально определять эмоционально-оценочный фон научного текста и параметры его воздействия на восприятие специальной информации обучающимися. Структура пособия предполагает учет формирующихся в процессе обучения ментальных репрезентаций с опорой на индивидуальную картину мира и на вектор мыслительной деятельности студента.

Концепция психологической многозначности и эмоциональности исследуемых лексических компонентов языка науки легла в основу организации дидактического материала. Ассоциативный характер термина учитывался при апробации активного словаря и неадаптированного текстового контента, отобранного из англо-американской научно-технической литературы и сгруппированного по 12 основным тематическим разделам, при составлении лексических упражнений и тестовых заданий, направленных на обеспечение эффективного понимания текста и усвоения новых терминов, необходимых для общения в пределах изучаемой тематики. Комплекс грамматических упражнений, включающий основные темы грамматики английского языка, нацелен на закрепление изучаемого материала и совершенствование навыков устной и письменной речи.

Системная взаимосвязанность лексических средств различных терминосистем проявляется в рамках особого семиотического пространства, охватывающего области профессиональной деятельности, реализация которой обеспечивается различными заданиями, направленными на совершенствование основных умений устной коммуникации в реальных ситуациях.

UNIT 1

Read and memorize the following words and word combinations

Read and translate the text

Information Technology

Information technology (IT)is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information.

The term information technology has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology and the term has become very recognizable. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database andsoftware design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems.

Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate and disseminate information. When speaking of IT as a whole, it is noted that the use of computers and information are associated.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) is an umbrella term that covers all technical means for processing and communicating information. The term has gained popularity partially due to the convergence of information technology (IT) and telecom technology. ICT defines a broad range of technologies, including methods for communication: communication protocols, transmission techniques, communications equipment, media communication, as well as techniques for storing and processing information (computing, data storage, etc.)

There are claims that the expression "information and communication technology" should not refer only to contemporary or automated technological artifacts; paper-based writing, being itself a technology ontologically, can be included as pre-digital means of generating information. The term ICT has been incorrectly associated only with digital technologies analogue and even mechanical systems can also be considered as ICT, although the use of the expression in that context is rare and limited.

Another shortcoming, particularly in education, is that the term ‘ICT’ is used synonymously with the term computer technology and is not usually applied with the rest of the technologies that are used in our daily lives cell phones, cameras, satellite receivers, media players, game consoles.

ICT may not survive in its present form for long. Sooner than later, developing countries would get over the PC mania prevalent now, unless there is a remarkable change in the economy of having a desktop PC. Any technology that requires the masses to own a PC, in its present form, to access information is unlikely to be successful in the foreseeable future. Possibilities appear to exist, however, in the mobile phone technology, which is fast becoming very affordable by the masses, is voice based and can be integrated with the IT at the server end of a computer network. For example, in the field of education people can ask questions through a mobile phone, a database of answers to such questions can be generated using these technologies. Currently what is in Wikipedia and call centers and the text in these databases could be converted into voice, by developing text to voice technologies in the various languages. The person seeking information can be informed when answers are available and better answers can be sought based on the feedback. The emerging 3G and 4G mobile phone technologies can indeed facilitate such developments. An alternative technology could be to integrate the mobile phone with the television screen, so that visual information can be viewed easily. Similarly, there is the possibility for developing interactive radio on the lines of interactive TV.

Answer the following questions

1) Which term has a broader meaning: IT or ICT?

2) Is a person who has graduated with a degree in Computer Science the same specialist as one holding a degree in Information Technology?

3) What duties do IT professionals perform?

4) What form are Information and Communication Technologies likely to take in the future?

5) How can a person benefit from using ICT tools?