Space technology, space science, aerospace industry, spaceflight, satellites, space exploration, spacecraft, support infrastructure, equipment, procedures,new tools, techniques, remote sensing, GPS systems, satellite television, space infrastructure, economic activities, natural phenomena, physical bodies, space medicine and astrobiology, the U.S.Apollo Moon landing,Space Shuttle programs, RussianSoyuz program, International Space Station.
Read the text again and match the beginnings and endings of these sentences to show the general understanding of the text
| Weather forecasting, remote sensing, GPS systems | a | spacecraft, satellites, space stations | |
| Space technology is | b | a novel environment | |
| Space science encompasses | c | rely on space infrastructure | |
| Space technology includes | d | technology developed by space science | |
| Spaceis | e | from space technology | |
| Earth sciencebenefit | f | all the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration |
Complete the following sentences with the gerund form of the verbs (See Grammar Reference Section Unit 8)
1. She likes (paint) ………………………………..
2. I can’t bear (listen) ……………..to loud music.
3. He enjoys (play)…………………………tennis.
4. Leila dreams of (set) ………………. up her business.
5. He is interested int (emigrate) …………….to Canada.
6. Are you good at (dance) ………………………………
7. She is crazy about (read) …………..romantic poems.
8. I can’t help (laugh) …………….. when I watch Mr. Bean.
9. I can’t imagine (be) ……….. anywhere else but here.
10. You should give up (smoke) ………………………..
11. She is good at (dance) ………………………..
12. He is crazy about (sing) ………………………..
13. I don't like (play) ………………………………. cards.
14. They are afraid of (swim) …………………….. in the sea.
15. You should give up (smoke)………………..
16. Sam dreams of (be)………………………… a popstar.
17. He is interested in (make) …………………… friends.
18. My uncle is afraid of (go) …………………….. by plane.
19. We insist on (cook) ……………………. the dinner ourselves
Complete the following sentences with the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs
1. Mary enjoys ___________________ to music. (listen)
2. I don’t mind ___________________ the washing up. (do)
3. Irregular verbs are not easy ___________________. (remember)
4. Mathew is really good at ___________________. (cook)
5. She waited ___________________ a movie ticket. (buy)
6. The doctor encouraged his patients _____________ healthy food. (eat)
7. My flat is easy ___________________. (find)
8. She is interested in ___________________ a doctor. (become)
9. He is saving money ___________________ a new car. (buy)
10. When I met her I couldn’t help ___________________ her. (hug)
11. My favorite hobby is ___________________. (cook)
12. My father helped me ___________________ my homework. (do)
13. I’m sick of ___________________ hamburgers every day. (eat)
Read the following sentences with the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs (perfect, progressive, passive). Mind the explanations
| Examples | Explanations |
| Eva’s plan has always been to returnto her homeland. | simple infinitive (to + verb) |
| She hoped to have earnedan Olympic gold medal by the time she was 20. | perfective infinitive (to + have + past participle) |
| Their goal is to be workingby March. | progressive infinitive (to + be + present participle) |
| We wanted to have been swimmingby now. | perfective progressive infinitive (to + have + been + present participle) |
| The suggestion to be seenby a surgeon was never followed. | passive infinitive (to + be + past participle) |
| They were happy to have been chosenfor the award. | perfective passive infinitive (to + have + been + past participle) |
| Part of the problem isnot knowingenough. | simple gerund (verb + - ing) |
| She was excited about having watchedthe race from start to finish. | perfective gerund (having + past participle) |
| Being appointedto the board of directors is a great responsibility. | passive gerund (being + past participle) |
| Having been selectedfor the experiment gave her career a boost. | perfective passive gerund (having been + past participle) |
With a partner, discuss the following topics using infinitives and gerunds. Use them appropriate simple, perfect, progressive or passive form and give reasons for your response for each item
Example: a movie you enjoyed seeing
I enjoyed seeing “Star Wars I” because I like science fiction.
1. a holiday food you like to eat
2. a present you would like to be surprised with
3. a sport you enjoy playing
4. a place you are excited about having seen
5. another name you would like to have been named
6. a job you would like to be doing right now
7. a famous person in history you would like to have met
8. a topic you would like to have been studying by now
9. a story you liked being told as a child
10. a feeling you had after having been recognized for something
11. A woman received a $1000 prize for winning a short-story writing contest. Her acceptance speech appears below. Fill in the appropriate gerund or infinitive. In some cases, more than one answer possible