| 1. Annuities 2. Black-Scholes 3. Byproducts 4. Cash flows 5. Consumption 6. Cost of capital 7. Fair price 8. Government spending 9. Inflation 10. Interest rates 11. Investment 12. Marginal cost 13. Markets 14. National policy 15. Stocks 16. Taxation | a) a series of payments made at equal intervals; b) a mathematical model for the dynamics of a financial market containing derivativeinvestment instruments; c) a secondary product derived from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction; d) a real or virtual movement of money; e) a category of economic activity primarily including purchasing; f) thecostofa company's funds; g) a rational and unbiased estimate of the potential market priceof a good, service, or asset; h) all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments; i) a sustained increase in the general price levelof goods and services in an economy over a period of time; j) therateover a period of one year; k) the action or process of investing money for profit; l) the cost added by producing one additional unit of a product or service; m) a regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other commodities; n) the policies of a national government; o) a share which entitles the holder to a fixed dividend, whose payment takes priority over that of ordinary share dividends; p) the levying of tax; |
Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian. Write a short summary of the text with the help of the following words
Heavily math-oriented in practice, consumers and producers react to changing conditions, at the national level, taxation, regulation and government spending, potential ramifications of national policy, macroeconomic conditions, the implications of predictions on companies, stocks, markets, track data on GDP, inflation and deficits to inform their investing decisions, the notable achievements in finance.
Use the words and word phrases in the box to complete the sentences
| the potential ramifications of national policy an offshoot or outgrowth to predict macroeconomic the study of prices very real consequencesan erratic history with economists, to changing conditionsinflation and deficits a social scienceinsurance policies the intersection of supplyoptimal financial structures actual models business managers and investors |
1. Economics is ……. that studies the production, consumption and distribution of goods and services with an aim of explaining how economies work and how their agents interact.
2. When economists succeed in their aims to understand how consumers and producers react ……, economics can provide powerful guidance and influence to policy – making at the national level.
3. There are …………. to how a nation approaches taxation, regulation and government spending; economics can offer advice and analysis regarding these decisions.
4. Economics can also help investors understand ……..and events on business conditions.
5. Understanding economics can also give investors the tools ………………and understand the implications of those predictions on companies, stocks, markets.
6. Investors have …………listening to them carefully at some times and all but ignoring them at others.
7. While some investors may ignore economists’ concerns and pile their investments into the latest booming sector, others will carefully track data on GDP, ……… to inform their investing decisions.
8. Finance in many respects is ……………of economics and many of the notable achievements in finance were made by individuals with economics backgrounds and positions as professors of economics.
9. Finance generally focuses on …… interest rates, money flows and the financial markets.
10. Finance seems to be most concerned with notions like the time value of money, rates of return, cost of capital, …………and the quantification of risk.
11. While economics offers the pithy explanation that the fair price of an item is ……… demand, marginal cost and marginal utility, that is not always very useful in actual practice.
12. People want a number and many billions of dollars are at stake in the proper pricing of loans, deposits, annuities, ………………………….
13. That is where finance comes into play – in establishing the theoretical understandings and …………… that allow for the pricing of risk and valuation of future cash flows.
14. Finance also informs ………………………………… on how to evaluate business proposals and most efficiently allocate capital.