1. Climate encompasses …………and other meteorological elements in a given region over a long period of time.
a) the statistics of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count
b) the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, atmospheric particle count
c) the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count
2. Climate can be contrasted to …….., which is the present condition of these same elements and their variations over shorter time periods.
a) weather
b) environment
c) ocean currents
3. Climate may be inherently variable as evidenced by …… of the seasons from one year to another.
a) the regularity
b) the irregularity
c) the regulation
4. ……… is related to changes in ocean currents, volcanic eruptions, solar radiation and other components of the climate system.
a) This stability
b) This variability
c) This regularity
5. The climate also has its ………… (such as floods, droughts, hail, tornadoes and hurricanes), which can be devastating.
a) limited changes
b) extremes
c) disasters
6. The greenhouse effect is the process by which ……… by gases in the atmosphere warm a planet’s lower atmosphere and surface.
a) absorption and emission of infrared radiation
b) emission of infrared radiation
c) absorption of infrared radiation
7. It was proposed by Joseph Fourier …….. and was first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in ………………...
a) in 1824 …………………………………. 1896.
b) in 1822 ………………………………. 1895.
c) in 1823 ………………………………. 1897.
8. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about ………………. (59 °F).
a) 32 °C
b) 31 °C
c) 33 °C
9. Human activity since …………has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon) and nitrous oxide.
a) the October Revolution
b) the Industrial Revolution
c) the Economic Revolution
10. The concentrations of ……… have increased by 36% and 148% respectively since 1750.
a) nitrous oxide and methane
b) CO2 and methane
c) CFCs and methane
11. These levels are much higher than at any time during ……, the period for which reliable data has been extracted from ice cores.
a) the last 640,000 years
b) the last 645,000 years
c) the last 650,000 years
12. Over the last three decades of the 20th century, GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita and population growth were the main …… of increases in greenhouse gas emissions.
a) drawbacks
b) derivatives
c) drivers
13. CO2 emissions …… due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change.
a) are continuing to rise
b) are continuing to fall
c) are continuing to raise
14. Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by …………..
a) external substances introduced directly
b) external substances introduced directly or indirectly
c) internal substances introduced directly or indirectly
15. Pollution occurs when ecosystems cannot ………… substances introduced into the environment.
a) get rid of
b) get used to
c) set up
Match the following words and word combinations with their definitions. Find the given words in the text and use them in sentences of your own
| 1. Biodiversity 2. Climate 3. Destruction 4. Drought 5. Environment 6. Flood 7. Fossil fuel 8. Emission 9. Hail 10. Hurricane 11. Methane 12. Ocean current 13. Oil spill 14. Pollute 15. Rainfall 16. Tornado 17. Erupt 18. Warming 19. Weather 20. Wind | a) a form of solid precipitation; b) a fuelformed by natural processes; c) a large amount of water spreading over a place that is usually dry; d) a period of below-average precipitation in a given region; e) a rapidly rotating column of airthat is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud; f) a seasonal directed movement of seawatergenerated by forces acting upon this mean flow; g) a storm with a violent wind; h) an inflammable gas produced by decaying matter; i) burst out; j) damage to an object, system, being or idea; k) emitting smth; l) liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmosphericwater vapor; m) make a place or thing dirty or impure; n) make or become warmer; o) surroundings, especially as they affect people’s lives; p) the flow of gases on a large scale; q) the release of a liquidpetroleumhydrocarboninto the environment; r) the state of the atmosphere; s) the statistics of weatherover long periods of time; t) variability of life on Earth; |