1. Постоянная занятость — это занятость индивида, которая гарантирована ему в течение всей его жизни. Это понятие не включает разовые, времен- ные или сезонные работы, даже если они являются гарантированными.
2. Долгое время между государством и обществом существовал кон- тракт: общество не вмешивается в политику, а государство в свою оче- редь обеспечивает обществу растущий уровень жизни.
3. Крупный бизнес сохранился как огромный экономический и финан- совый генератор и стал набирать политическую силу.
4. Очевидно, что макроэкономические цели могут быть достигнуты только на путях дальнейшей интеграции России в мировую экономику и про-
должения многовекторной политики, направленной на развитие взаи- мовыгодных связей с соседями по СНГ, Европейским союзом и другими регионами.
5. Анализ показывает, что домашние хозяйства в России тратят значи- тельно больше средств, чем их располагаемый доход, рассчитанный на основании данных, формально полученных из различных источников.
6. Преследуя цели стабилизации роста цен, правительство принимает ре- шительные экономические шаги.
7. Экономический рост оценивается в реальном выражении с целью устранить искажающий эффект инфляции.
8. В отечественной и зарубежной литературе накоплено большое коли- чество данных, подтверждающих эффективность политики расширения бюджетных расходов.
9. Главной причиной, сдерживающей развитие малого бизнеса, является тот факт, что государство избыточно вмешивается в экономику.
10. Теория денег обеспечивает понимание того, как работает эффектив- ная кредитно-денежная политика.
VI. Look at the chart below which clarifies the difference among the three com- monly misused words: target, objective, and goal.
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| Target | Objective | Goal |
| ¯ | ¯ | ¯ |
| Target is usually officially recorded in some way, for example by an employer or by a government committee. It is often specific, and in the form of figures, such as number of sales or exam passes, or a date. | People often set their own objectives: these are things that they wish to achieve, often as part of a project or a talk they are giving. | Goals are often long- term, and relate to people’s life and career plans or the long-term plans of a company or organization. |
Use the correct word target, objective or goal to complete the sentences.
1. The university will reach itsof 5,000 students next September.
2. The mainof this meeting is to give more information on our plans.
3. There is nodate for completion of the new project.
4. Managers should set specific performancefor their teams.
5. Do you think I’ll be able to achieve myof losing five kilos before the summer?
6. Ouris for the country to be fully independent within two years.
7. One of your first businessshould be to get your own office.
8. Our ultimatemust be the preservation of the environment.
9. The government may fail to meet itsof recycling 25% of do- mestic waste.
10. Jiang set annual growthof 8–9%.
VII. Read the sentences below and decide which meaning (A, B or C) of the underlined word suits the context.
1. The statistics reflect a change in people’s spending habits.
| Ato return light, heat, sound, or an image back | Bto show, express, or be a sign of smth | Cto think carefully, esp. about possibilities and opinions |
2. Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow.
| Aused for a long time and considered the usual type | Bconsidered to be normal, right, and socially acceptable | Cused traditionally for special purposes |
3. The report provides a framework for further research.
| Athe parts of a building or an object that support its weight and give it shape | Bthe structure of a particular system | Cset of beliefs, ideas or rules that is used as the basis for making judgements |
4. The figures they have used are just not accurate.
| Aexact | Barranged | Cneat |
5. The election victory gave the party a clear mandate to continue its pro- gramme of reform.
| Athe period of time for which a government is given power | Ban official order given to smb to perform a particular task | Cthe authority to do smth |
6. She has considerable expertise in French history.
| Ahigh level of knowledge | Bexamination | Cjudgement |
7. Newspapers are often guilty of distorting the truth.
| Achanging a situation from the way it would naturally be | Bchanging facts, ideas, etc. so that they are no longer correct | Cchanging the appearance or shape of smth so that it is strange or unclear |
8. Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject.
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| Away of considering | Bprofit | Cfuture success |
9. We had estimated about 300 visitors, but the actual number was much higher.
| Aimportant | Bexisting in fact | Curgent |
10. A market economy in China promises to mean that over the next decade Asia’s geography can reassert itself.
| Aa period of 10 days | Ba period of 10 months | Ca period of 10 years |
VIII. 
Look up the two commonly misused verbs adapt and adopt in the on-line Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary <https://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dic- tionary>. Search for the meanings of these verbs and fill in the chart given below.
| Adapt | Adopt |
| 1. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. 2. The organisms were forced to adapt in order to survive. | 1. a campaign to encourage childless couples to adopt 2. All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem. |
| 3. Three of her novels have been adapted for television. | 3. The council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting. 4. Early Christians in Europe adopted many of the practices of the older, pagan religions. 5. He adopted an air of indifference. 6. She was adopted as parliamentary candidate for Wood Green. |
IX. Fill in the gaps with the correct verb adapt or adopt.
1. We had toour plans to fit Jack’s timetable.
2. Roz hasone or two funny mannerisms since she’s been away.
3. The play had beenfor children.
4. The ability tois a definite asset in this job.
5. They have no children of their own, but they’re hoping to.
6. It took me a while toto the new job.
7. The new tax would force companies toenergy-saving measures.
8. Davies is busyBrinkworth’s latest novel for television.
9. He’sa remarkably light-hearted attitude towards the situation.
10. California hasa tough stance on the issue.
X. 
Follow the link <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyRW3jEX9iI&nored irect=1> and watch the video on Why Price Stability Is Important for You. Then answer the following questions.
1. How does the European Central Bank define price stability?
2. Why does money exist?
3. What circumstances push prices up and make money lose its value?
4. What is inflation?
5. How does the Central Bank control inflation?
6. How does the interest rate help to control price increases?
7. What is meant by the Eurosystem?
8. What is deflation?
9. How can deflation damage the economy?
10. What is the primary objective of the European Central Bank and the Eu- rosystem?
(1).
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