SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY
И ИХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ
Some обозначает некоторое количество.
| We have got some dictionaries. We have got no dictionaries. We haven't got any dictionaries. Have you got any dictionaries? |
Употребление
Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная форма
Упражнение 96
Вставьте some, any или no.
A
1. There are... pictures in the book. 2. Are there... new students in your group? 3. There are... old houses in our street. 4. Are there... English textbooks on the desks? — Yes, there are.... 5. Are there... maps on the walls? — No, there aren't....
6. Are there... pens on the desk? — Yes, there are.... 7. Are there... sweets in your bag? — Yes, there are.... 8. Have you got... English books at home? — Yes, I have.... 9. There are... beautiful pictures in the magazine. Look at them. 10. There is... ink in my pen: I cannot write. 11. Is there... paper on your table? 12.1 haven't got... exercise books. Give me..., please. 13. It is winter. There are... leaves on the trees.
В
1. I need... sugar,... flour,... eggs,... butter and... milk to make a cake. 2. There is... butter in the fridge, but there isn't... milk. 3. Are there... eggs? — There aren't... eggs left. 4. We haven't got... flour. 5. To make cabbage soup I need... cabbage,... onions,... carrots, and... salt. I don't need... plums or... pineapples. 6. I need to buy a lot of things. There isn't... time to waste. 7. Oh, dear! There is... money in my purse.
Упражнение 97
Вставьте some, any или по.
1. We haven't got... milk. We can't make an omelette. 2. Bob always likes... sugar in his coffee. 3. Poor Oliver was hungry. He wanted... bread.
4. They haven't got... stamps. I can't post my letter.
5. He has got... money. He can't spend his holidays in Switzerland any more and stay at luxury hotels.
6. There are... schools in this street. 7. Are there... pictures in your book? 8. There are... flowers here in winter. 9. I can see... children in the yard. They are playing. 10. Are there... new buildings in your street? 11. There are... people in the park because it is cold. 12. I saw... boys in the garden, but
78 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Местоимения some, any, no, every 79
Mike was not among them. 13. They brought... good books from the library. 14. Give me... tea, please, I am thirsty. 15. Dinner was not yet ready, so she gave the children... bread and butter because they were hungry. 16. Do you want... milk in your coffee? 17. Have you got... time to spare? I'd like to ask you... questions. 18. Is there... cheese on the plate? 19. There is... ham on the plate. 20. There is... tea in the cup: the cup is empty.
Сравните следующие предложения:
| After dinner he drank some juice. сока (некоторое количество) |
He does not drink milk after dinner, he drinks s juice.
сок (не некоторое количество, а сок вообще; сок, а не молоко)
| I brought some books from the library. (некоторое количество книг) |
I like s books.
(не некоторое количество, а вообще книги)
Упражнение 98
Вставьте some, any, по или оставьте пропуски незаполненными, смотря по смыслу.
1. There are... buses today and I can't go shopping. 2. There is... caviare in the can. I love it. Would you like...? 3. Please don't offer her... chips. She doesn't want.... 4. Can I have... milk in my tea? I don't like it black. 5. There is... ink in my pen. 6. Is there... snow in the street this morning? 7. My mother likes... music. 8. Are there... chess players here? 9. There are... diagrams in the
new book. 10. Are there... newspapers on the table? 11. Was there... water in the glass or... milk? 12. There was... soap in the box; he used it to wash his hands. 13. There was... soap in the box: it smells of... soap. 14. There are... letters for you on the table. 15. Do you like... apples? 16. Were there... of our teachers at the stadium? 17. There were... students of our group at the consultation yesterday.
18. Will there be... concerts at the club next month?
19. There were... yellow and green pencils on the table. 20. People need... oxygen for breathing. 21. Are there... mistakes in my dictation? — Yes, there are.... 22. My brother doesn't like... carrots.
| something — что-нибудь, что-то | |
| Употребление | |
| Утвердительная форма | 1 can see something on the table. |
| Отрицательная форма | 1 can see nothing on the table. |
| 1 cannot see anything on | |
| the table. | |
| Вопросительная форма | Can you see anything on the table? |
everything — всё
Упражнение 99
Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything.
1. My husband taught his son... he knows. 2. Her patient has a bad memory. She can't remember.... 3.1 think there is... wrong with my watch. 4. We've
80 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Местоимения some, any, no, every 81
got... to eat. We've got only... to drink. 5. The student-didn't understand... because she heard.... 6. Does he know... about computers? — Yes, he knows... because he is the best specialist in computer science at Harvard University. 7. He felt terrible. He couldn't do... else. 8.... is all right, the patient is much better today. 9. Is there... interesting in the programme of the concert? 10. I could see...: it was quite dark. 11. Give me... to drink. 12. I didn't take any money with me, so I couldn't buy.... 13. My new eyeglasses are very good, I can see... now. 14. I saw... near the wood that looked like a tent.
somebody — кто-нибудь, кто-то
Употребление
Утвердительная форма Не asked somebody
to help him.
Отрицательная форма Не asked nobody
to help him.
He did not ask anybody to help him.
Вопросительная форма Did he ask anybody
to help him?
everybody — все
Упражнение 100
Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything.
1. She has to go to the supermarket. There isn't... in the fridge. 2. I've had a terrible day.... went wrong. 3. The young man is very upset. There is... wrong with his car. 4. His grandparents like doing...: cooking, playing board games, going to museums, visiting their friends. 5. She never says... nice about her neighbours. 6. What do you want to drink? —.... I'm not thirsty. 7. Nobody told me... about his lung cancer. I could do... to save his life. 8. Give me... to read, please. — With pleasure. 9. I don't know... about your town. Tell me... about it. 10. Please give me... warm: it is cold here. 11. I understand... now. Thank you for your explanation. 12. There is... white in the box. What is it? 13. Is there... that you want to tell me? 14. Where is the book? — It is on the table. — No, there is... there.
Упражнение 101
Вставьте somebody, anybody, nobody или everybody.
1. Don't tell... about it. It's a secret. 2. Life is tough!... has problems. 3.... has eaten all the ice cream. That's terrible!... will be able to have it for dessert tonight. 4. I think,... in our class is honest. That's why we trust.... 5. If you look in the yellow pages, I am sure you'll find... who can fix your TV. 6. I am not a perfectionist.... is perfect in this world. 7. Is there... in the office? 8.... needs good friends. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 9. Has... in this group got a dictionary? 10.... left a magazine in our classroom yesterday. 11. The question was so difficult that... could answer it. 12. I am afraid I shan't be able to find... in the office now: it is too late. 13.... knows that water is necessary for life. 14. Is there... here who knows French? 15. You must find... who can help you. 16.... knew anything about America before Columbus discovered it. 17. I saw... in the train yesterday who looked
82 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Местоимения some, any, no, every 83
like you. 18. There is... in the next room. I don't know him. 19. Please tell us the story.... knows it. 20. Is there... in my group who lives in the dormitory? 21. Has... here got a red pencil? 22.... can answer this question. It is very easy.
Petrov lives on the third floor. 8. They have some English books. 9. There are some tall trees in front of their house. 10. Peter has something in his box. 11. There are some parks in this town. 12. There are some good bookshops in our district.
Упражнение 102
Заполните пропуски, вставив одно из слов, данных в скобках.
1. We haven't... black stockings (no, any). 2. They have... red boots, Kate (any, no). 3. I don't want... today, thank you (nothing, anything). 4. "I haven't got... clean exercise books, Mother," said the boy (any, no). 5. "We shall not buy... in this shop, children," said the mother (nothing, anything). 6. Didn't you buy... potatoes yesterday (any, no)? 7. I didn't see... in the street when I went out (anybody, nobody). 8. We did not play... games in the yard because it was raining all day long (no, any). 9. There is... at home (anybody, nobody). 10. How much did you pay for these boots? — I didn't pay... (nothing, anything). They are a present from my grandmother. 11. Have you lost... (anything, nothing)? — No, nobody here has lost... (nothing, anything).
Упражнение 103
Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.
1. They have done something. 2. He has given them some money. 3. You have brought something for us. 4. I have taken some English books from you. 5. She was reading something. 6. He has written a letter to somebody. 7. Somebody by the name of
Упражнение 104
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Я ничего не сказал. Ни слова. 2. Все хотели получить автограф Юрия Гагарина. 3. Все, что у меня есть, принадлезкит тебе. 4. В столовой есть кто-нибудь? 5. В саду никого нет. 6. В нашей комнате есть кто-нибудь? 7. Там есть кто-то. 8. Там никого нет. 9. В библиотеке есть кто-нибудь? 10. За занавеской есть что-нибудь? — Нет, там ничего нет. 11. В сумке что-то есть. 12. В доме есть кто-нибудь? — Да, там есть кто-то. 13. Под столом есть что-нибудь? — Да, там что-то есть. 14. Там ничего нет. 15. В кабинете врача есть кто-нибудь? — Нет, там никого нет. 16. В нашей библиотеке есть кое-какие книги на английском языке. 17. В вашей библиотеке есть какие-нибудь книги Джека Лондона? 18. Мой дядя хочет мне что-то сказать. 19. На другой день мой брат знал всех. 20. Если вы захотите что-нибудь поесть, идите в вагон-ресторан. 21. Расскажите нам всё о вашем путешествии.
Заметьте, что в утвердительных предложениях:
any значит „любой" anything значит „что угодно" anybody значит „кто угодно"
84 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Местоимения some, any, no, every 85
Упражнение 105
Вставьте some, any, по или их производные.
1. Here are... books by English writers. Take... book you like. 2. There are... boys in the garden because they are at school. 3. I can see... on the snow, but I don't know what it is. 4. Are there... desks in the classroom? — Yes, there are many. 5. There are... books on this desk, but there are... exercise books. 6. Did he say... about it? — No, he said.... 7. What shall I do now, Mom? I have done my homework. — You can do... you like. 8. There was...in the street because it was very late. 9.... wants to see him. 10. Is there... here who knows this man? 11. Have you... books on Dickens? I want to read... about him. I have read... books by Dickens and I am interested in the life of the writer. 12. Can... tell me how to get to the Public Library? — Yes, take... bus that goes from here towards the railway station and get off at the third stop. 13. Please bring me... apples, Mary. 14. That is a very easy question —... can answer it.
| somewhere — где-нибудь, куда-нибудь, где-то, куда-то | |
| Употребление | |
| Утвердительная форма | 1 saw this man somewhere. |
| Отрицательная форма | 1 saw this man nowhere. |
| 1 did not see this man anywhere. | |
| Вопросительная форма | Did you see this man anywhere? |
everywhere — везде
Упражнение 106
Вставьте somewhere, anywhere, nowhere или everywhere.
1. I can't find my book.... I have looked all over the house. 2. Johnny lives... near Chicago. 3. It so happened that he had... to go to. So last summer he stayed at home in his beloved city for his holidays. 4. This book can be found.... Let's buy it. 5. Do you live... near them? 6. Is it... in Russia? — Yes, it's... in Russia. 7. Where are you going? — I am not going.... 8. I put my dictionary... yesterday and now I can't find it.... — Of course, that is because you leave your books.... 9. You must go... next summer. 10. Did you go... on Sunday? 11. Let's go.... The weather is fine. I don't want to stay at home in such weather. 12. I cannot find my glasses.... I always put them... and then look for them for hours. 13. Today is a holiday. The streets are full of people. There are flags, banners and flowers....
Упражнение 107
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Здесь нет Кати. Мы ее везде искали, но не можем нигде найти ее. Кто-нибудь видел Катю? — Вот она. Никто ничего не знает о ней, а она сидит на скамейке и читает книгу. 2. На столе лежит что-то круглое. Что это такое? 3. Никто об этом ничего не знает. 4. В городе много парков. Везде деревья и цветы. 5. В той комнате кто-то есть. 6. Анна живет где-то в этом районе. 7. Я никого не знаю в этом городе. 8. Дай мне, пожалуйста, что-нибудь поесть. 9. Кто-нибудь знает адрес нашего учителя? 10. Все в порядке. 11. Кто-нибудь хочет посмотреть телевизор? 12. Мы слышали эту песню повсюду. 13. Он где-то в саду.
86 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 108
Вставьте одно из следующих слов:
a) some, any, по.
1. There were... of my friends there. 2. Well, anyway, there is... need to hurry, now that we have missed the train. 3. Have you ever seen... of these pictures before? 4. There is... water in the kettle: they have drunk it all. 5. There were... firtrees in that forest, but many pines. 6. We could not buy cherries, so we bought... plums instead.
b) somebody, anybody, nobody.
1. I saw... I knew at the lecture. 2. I dare say that there may be... at the lecture that I know, but what does that matter? 3. Do you really think that... visits this place? 4. I have never seen... lace their boots like that.
c) somewhere, anywhere, nowhere.
1. I haven't seen him.... 2. I know the place is... about here, but I don't know exactly where. 3. Did you go... yesterday? — No, I went..., I stayed at home the whole day.
Упражнение 109
Вставьте some, any, no, every или их производные.
1. To know... is to know.... 2.... is rotten in the state of Denmark (W. Shakespeare). 3. Wealth is... without health. 4.... is good in its season.
5. Can I have... milk? — Yes, you can have....
6. Will you have... tea? 7. Give me... books, please. I have... to read at home. 8. Put... sugar in her
Местоимения some, any, no, every 87
tea: she does not like sweet tea. 9. Is... the matter with you? Has... offended you? I see by your face that... has happened. 10. We did not see... in the hall. 11.... was present at the lesson yesterday. 12. He is busy. He has... time to go to the cinema with us. 13. Do you need... books to prepare for your report? 14. Have you... questions? Ask me... you like, I shall try to answer... question. 15.... liked that play: it was very dull. 16. If... is ready, we shall begin our experiment. 17. Money isn't... in the world.
Упражнение 110
Вставьте some, any, no, every или их производные.
1. Can you see... in an empty box? No, I can't see... in an empty box. I can see... in an empty box. Why not? Because there is... in an empty box. There isn't... in an empty box. What is an empty box? An empty box is a box that has... in it. An empty box is a box without... in it. An empty room is a room without... in it.
2. Can... see? No,... people can't see.... people are blind. Blind people can't see. They can't see...; they can see....
3. Can... hear? No,... people can't hear.... people are deaf. People who are quite deaf can't hear. They can't hear..., they can't hear.... They can hear...; they can hear....
4. Can we see...? No, we can't see.... We cannot see the air.... can see the air.
5. We can't walk without legs and feet. People without legs and feet can't walk. They can't walk.... They can walk....
88 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Местоимения some, any, no, every 89
Упражнение 111
Вставьте some, any, no или их производные.
1. Are there... cinemas or theatres in your town?
— There aren't... cinemas, but there is a theatre festival in summer. 2. Is there... for young people
— a zoo, interesting museums? — I'm sorry, there is... zoo in our town. But there are... museums,... discos and every three weeks there is a rock concert for young people here. 3. Have you... relations? — No, I haven't..., I have... relations. 4. Has she... nephews or nieces? — She has... nephews. 5. She has... sisters, she has only brothers. 6. Do you know... about Chinese art? 7. They have... cousins in Minsk. 8. Have you... brothers? — No, I haven't..., I have... brothers. 9. I have... good friends. 10. We did not know... about his problems: he told us.... 11. Have you got... interesting books? 12. Have you... friends in America? 13. He has... English books in this bookcase. 14. Did you meet... on your way to school? 15. Have you got... pencils in your bag? 16. Do we have... chalk on the blackboard? 17. How could I know that he was ill?... told me.... 18. She has... mistakes in her test.
Упражнение 112
Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, any, no, the или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.
1. Передай мне масло. Pass me... butter, please. 2. Дай ему масла. Give him... butter. 3. Я не хочу масла. I don't want... butter. 4. Эта ферма производит масло. This farm produces... butter. 5. В этом стакане нет молока. There is... milk in this glass. 6. Возьми варенья. Take... jam. 7. Возьми варенье. Take... jam. 8. Любите ли вы бекон? Do
you like... bacon? 9. Какова цена бекона? What is the price of... bacon? 10. Он никогда не кладет сахару в чай. Не never puts... sugar in his tea. 11. Сахар — важный пищевой продукт.... sugar is an important food product. 12. Суп (вообще) содержит много воды.... soup contains much water. 13. Суп готов.... soup is ready. 14. Дайте мне супу. Give me... soup. 15. Название этого супа — борщ. The name of... soup is borshch. 16. Прежде всего нам нужно согреть воды. First of all we must heat... water. 17. Прежде всего нам нужно согреть воду. First of all we must heat... water. 18. Вода состоит из водорода и кислорода.... water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 19. Мыло необходимо для мытья.... soap is necessary for washing. 20. Ha умывальнике нет мыла. There is... soap on the washstand. 21. Мыло на полке.... soap is on the shelf. 22. Мне не нравится цвет этого мыла. I don't like the colour of... soap. 23. Есть у вас карболовое мыло? Have you got... carbolic soap? 24. В Карелии много фабрик, которые производят бумагу. There are many factories in Karelia that produce... paper. 25. Бумага для стенгазеты на столе.... paper for the wall newspaper is on the table. 26. Дайте мне бумаги. Give me... paper. 27. Я очень люблю этот сорт бумаги. I like this sort of... paper very much.
Упражнение 113
Вставьте a, the, some или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.
1. a) I've just made... coffee. Would you like...? b) Wait... minute!... coffee is very hot. — I'd like... milk, please. — I prefer... black coffee.
90 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Местоимения some, any, no, every 91
2. a) Give me... water, please. I am thirsty.
b)... water in this river is always cold.
c)... water is necessary for animals and plants.
3. a) Do you like... brown bread?
b) Please go to the shop and buy... brown bread.
4. a) He likes... modern music.
b) I should like to listen to... music.
c) I don't like... music, it is too noisy. Switch off the radio, please.
5. a) Ann has bought... cheese.
b) Where did she put... cheese?
c) Give me... cheese, please.
6. a) Yesterday she invited us to dinner. It was
... good dinner, b) I cannot forget... dinner we had at the Savoy.
Упражнение 114
Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, the, a или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.
1. In... bedroom of this flat there are twin beds,... little bedside table between them, and... chair. There are clothes thrown over... chair. 2. Here is... book that you left on my table yesterday. 3.... men saw... boat on... river. 4. Can you give me... match? 5. I get... long letters from my mother, but only... postcards from my brother. 6. The waitress put... salad into each plate. 7. When did... lesson begin? 8. Children must go to... school. 9. Pass me... piece of... bread, please. 10. Do you like... cucumbers? 11. We bought... cucumbers at... market. 12. We use... pencils or... pens when we write. 13. He was reading... book when I came into... room. 14. Give me... water to drink, please. 15. At
what time will... meeting begin? 16. Do you find... English difficult? 17. I got... letter from my brother yesterday. 18. I had... bread and... butter and... egg for... breakfast this morning.
Упражнение 115
Вставьте одно из следующих слов: some, any, no, the, а или оставьте пропуски незаполненными.
1. I'm afraid there's... juice in... fridge. Would you like... lemonade? 2. My friends from Chicago can't speak... foreign languages. 3. She bought... new books yesterday. 4. Where are... books which you brought from... library yesterday? 5. Did you buy... apples when you were at... shop? 6. We could not skate because there was... snow on... ice. 7.... house must have... windows. 8. Most people like... music. 9. There was... meat on Nick's plate and... fish on Tom's. 10. We saw... houses in the distance. 11.... cats like... milk. 12. They stopped in... front of... house where Tom lived. 13. I showed him... way to... station. 14. What is... name of... street in which you live? 15. I want to say... words to your sister. 16.... tea in this glass is cold. 17.... sun was high in... sky. 18. Oh, there are... apples in... vase:... children have eaten all of them. Please put... apples into... vase. 19. Yesterday we had... fish for dinner. 20. He gave me... coffee. 21. I drank... cup of... coffee after... dinner.
MUCH, MANY, (A) LITTLE, (A) FEW
______ _------ much time (ед. ч.)
Много *=^Щ7
'—■— many books (мн. ч.)
Упражнение 116
Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.
Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много дней, много газет, много мела, много снега, много лет, много картин, много музыки, много мальчиков, много девочек, много чая, много лимонов, много мяса, много комнат, много учителей, много работы, много воздуха, много птиц, много машин.
Упражнение 117
Вставьте much или many.
1. A don't eat... mangoes. 2. Не eats... fish. 3. She ate so... dessert that she is in bed today with
Much, many, (a) little, (a) few 93
a stomachache. 4. That man drank so... wine, and he smoked so... cigarettes that he has a terrible headache today. 5. Mary must not eat too... salt because she has problems with her blood pressure. 6. My mother says I eat too... French fries and drink too... beer. She wants me to be healthy. 7. There is not too... space in my flat. 8. There are... new pictures in this room. 9. There are... teachers at our school, and... of them are women. 10.... of these plays are quite new. 11. Thanks awfully for the books you sent me yesterday. — Don't mention it, it wasn't... bother. 12.... of her advice was useful. 13. He had... pairs of socks. 14. Please don't put... pepper on the meat. 15. There were... plates on the table. 16. I never eat... bread with soup. 17. Why did you eat so... ice cream? 18. She wrote us... letters from the country. 19.... of these students don't like to look up words in the dictionary. 20.... in this work was too difficult for me. 21.... of their answers were excellent. 22.... of their conversation was about the university.
_____—--------- little time (ед. ч.)
Мало -=d^T7
"——- few books (мн. ч.)
Упражнение 118
Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.
Мало домов, мало чая, мало чашек, мало яблок, мало окон, мало бумаги, мало кофе, мало статей, мало радости, мало супу, мало деревьев, мало травы, мало детей, мало игрушек, мало света, мало парт, мало колбасы, мало сока, мало книг, мало цветов, мало соли, мало друзей, мало дворцов.
94 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Much, many, (a) little, (a) few
Упражнение 119
Вставьте little или few.
1. Не has got... friends. 2. I drink... coffee. I don't like it. 3. We must hurry. We've got very... time. 4. There are very... scholarships for students in this university. 5. The Smiths have... money. They aren't rich. 6. The theatre was almost empty. There were very... people there. 7. There was... lemonade in the bottle. There were... peaches in the basket. 8. I have... time, so I can't go with you. 9. He has... English books. 10. There is... juice in my glass. Have you got any juice? 11. There are... bears in the zoo. 12. Tom Canty was the son of poor parents and had very... clothes. 13. There is too... soup in my plate. Give me some more, please.
14. The children returned from the wood very sad because they had found very... mushrooms.
15. There was too... light in the room, and I could not read. 16. There are very... people who don't know that the Earth is round.
We have very... time. 8. I am sorry to say, I have read very... books by Walter Scott. 9. My brother is a young teacher. Every day he spends... time preparing for his lessons. 10. I know very... about this writer. It is the first book I am reading. 11. The pupils of our class ask... questions at the lesson. They want to know everything. 12. You do not make... mistakes in your spelling. Do you work hard at it? — Oh, yes, I do, I work very....
| Сравните: | ||
| плохо | 1 have little time. | У меня мало времени. |
| хорошо | 1 have a little time. | У меня есть немного времени. |
| плохо | 1 have few books. | У меня мало книг. |
| хорошо | 1 have a few books. | У меня есть несколько книг. |
Упражнение 120
Вставьте much, many, little или few.
1. Robert wrote so... letters that he's never going to write a letter again. 2. She ate so... ice cream that she's going to have a sore throat. 3. His father earned... money, but he enjoyed his job. He loved teaching English very.... 4. There are... cookies in the box. I should have bought them last Monday. 5. Does your sister read...? — Yes, she does. And your brother? — Oh, he doesn't. He has so... books, but he reads very.... 6. Have you... work to do today? — No, not very....7. Walk quicker, please.
Упражнение 121
Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.
Немного денег, мало денег, несколько стульев, мало стульев, несколько песен, мало песен, немного веселья, мало веселья, мало мальчиков, немного воды, несколько человек, мало воды, мало воздуха, мало столов, несколько минут, несколько кошек, мало травы, немного удачи, несколько дней, мало работы, немного соли, несколько ложек, мало света, мало окон, несколько машин, немного сахару, мало яиц, мало сыра.
96 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Much, many, (a) little, (a) few
Упражнение 122
Вставьте a little, a few.
This is my mother's favorite recipe for fruitcake, and everybody says it's out of this world!
1. Put 3 cups of flour into a mixing bowl.
2. Add... sugar.
3. Slice... apples.
4. Cut up... oranges.
5. Pour in... honey.
6. Add... baking soda.
7. Chop up... nuts.
8. Add... salt.
9. Mix in... raisins. 10. Bake for 45 minutes.
Enjoy, dear!
Упражнение 123
Вставьте little, a little, few или a few.
1. There is... salad left in this bowl. 2. Would you like... salad? — Yes, thank you. My doctor says it's good for my health. 3. I have... money, so we can go to the cinema. 4. I have... money, so we cannot go to the cinema. 5. This girl works very..., that's why she knows nothing. 6. Mother gave us... apples, and we were glad. 7. He did not like it at the camp: he had very... friends there. 8. This lemon drink is sour; if you put... sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 9. This lemon drink is sour; if you put... lumps of sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 10. The hall was almost empty: there were very... people in it. 11. I can't buy this expensive hat today: I have too... money. 12. She left and returned in... minutes. 13. I think you can spare me... time now. 14. I am sorry I have seen... plays by this author.
Упражнение 124
Вставьте much, many, little, few, a little или a few.
1. When we walked... farther down the road, we met another group of students. 2. Have you got... money on you? — I'm sorry. I have very... money at the moment. 3. At the conference we met... people whom we knew well. 4. There are very... old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down. 5. If you have... spare time, look through this book. You will find... stories there which are rather interesting. 6. There are... things here which I cannot understand. 7. Shall I bring... more chalk? — No, thank you. There is... chalk on the desk. I hope that will be enough for our lesson. 8. He had... English books at home, so he had to go to the library for more books. 9. She gave him... water to wash his hands and face. 10. I'd like to say... words about my journey. 11. After the play everybody felt... tired. 12. Let's stay here... longer: it is such a nice place. 13. There were... new words in the text, and Peter spent... time learning them. 14. There was... hay in the barn, and the children could not play there. 15. My friend isn't going to the concert this evening because he has got... work to do. 16. My mother knows German... and she can help you with the translation of this letter. 17. He's got very... time left. If he doesn't hurry up, he'll miss the plane.
4 Ю. Голицынский
Степени сравнения прилагательных 99
СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ
| Запомните особые случаи образования степеней сравнения: | ||
| Положительная степень | Сравнительная степень | Превосходная степень |
| old | elder older | the eldest the oldest |
| far | farther | the farthest |
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| Односложные | и двусложные прилагательные | |
| Положительная степень | Сравнительная степень | Превосходная степень |
| small | smaller | the smallest |
| large | larger | the largesf |
| big | bigger | the biggesf |
| happy | happier | the happiest |
Упражнение 126
Переведите на английский язык.
Старый, старше, самый старый, самый старший, мой старший брат, мой старый друг, дальше, самый дальний, самый длинный, короче, счастливый, счастливее, самый счастливый, самый лучший, самый черный, длиннее, хуже, лучше, теплее, ее лучший друг, ее младший сын, его старший сын.
Упражнение 125
Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень следующих прилагательных. Не забудьте употреблять определенный артикль перед превосходной степенью прилагательных.
Hot, long, short, clever, silly, great, red, black, white, thin, thick, fat, nice, warm, cold, merry, small, tall, high, weak, strong, heavy, light, green, dry, clean, dirty, wide, deep, brave.
| Многосложные прилагательные | ||
| Положительная степень | Сравнительная степень | Превосходная степень |
| interesting beautiful | тоге interesting more beautiful | the most ■ interesting the most beautiful |
100 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Степени сравнения прилагательных 101
Упражнение 127
Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. а. Я знаю интересную историю.
б. Он знает более интересную историю.
в. Она знает самую интересную историю.
2. а. Это длинный путь.
б. Это более длинный путь.
в. Это самый длинный путь.
3. а. Ее работа очень важна.
б. Его работа важнее.
в. Моя работа самая важная.
4. а. Это плохая песня.
б. Это еще более плохая песня.
в. Это самая плохая песня.
5. а. Он хороший инженер.
б. Он более хороший инженер.
в. Он самый лучший инженер.
6. а. Он принес ей красивый цветок.
б. Он принес ей более красивый цветок.
в. Он принес ей самый красивый цветок.
7. а. Он рассказал нам о счастливом человеке.
б. Он рассказал нам о более счастливом чело
веке.
в. Он рассказал нам о самом счастливом чело
веке.
Упражнение 128
Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1, Я,думаю, что наш учитель английского языка был очень терпелив. 2. Hani старый доктор был очень занят. Наш новый доктор даже более занят. 3. Моя учительница немецкого языка — самый
энергичный человек. 4. Мы знаем, твой сосед — очень скучный человек. 5. Я считаю, твой дедушка — самый щедрый человек, которого я когда-либо встречал. 6. Часы Рональда точные, но часы его тети более точные. 7. Она купила часы в Швейцарии, потому что она считает, что швейцарские часы самые точные в мире. 8. Тот телевизионный фильм гораздо хуже, чем сегодняшний. 9. Какая самая смешная телевизионная программа? 10. Это были самые счастливые дни в ее жизни. 11. Это очень легкая задача. Дайте мне более трудную задачу. 12. Летом дни длинные, а ночи короткие. 13. 22 июня — самый длинный день. 14. В июле дни короче. 15. В декабре дни самые короткие. 16. „Четверка" — хорошая отметка, но „пятерка" лучше. 17. „Пятерка" — самая лучшая отметка. 18. Самая плохая отметка — „двойка". 19. Твое платье, конечно, очень красивое, но мое платье красивее. 20. Мой папа — высокий мужчина. 21. Это более теплое пальто.
Упражнение 129
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного.
1. — How do you like Smucker's Sweet Orange Marmalade, Mrs. Johnson? — I think it's (delicious). It's much (delicious) than the marmalade I usually buy. — We agree with you, Mrs. Johnson. We think Smucker's Sweet Orange Marmalade is (delicious) marmalade in the world. 2. The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England. 3. The island of Great Britain is (small) than Greenland. 4. What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia? 5. The English Channel is (wide) than the Straits of Gibraltar. 6 Russia is a very (large) country. 7. Which is
102 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
(large): the United States or Canada? 8. What is the "name of the (big) port in the United States? 9. Moscow is the (large) city in Russia. 10. The London underground is the (old) in the world. 11. There is a (great) number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia. 12. St. Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in the world.
Запомните:
as... as — такой же... как not so... as — не такой... как not as... as — не такой... как1
Упражнение 130
Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1. English is as difficult as German. 2. My composition is not as long as yours. 3. It isn't as warm today as it was yesterday. 4. The house his aunt lives in is as old as the one his uncle lives in. 5. His apartment isn't as elegant as her apartment, but it's much bigger. 6. Johnny isn't as rich as Don but he is younger and much happier. 7. My dog isn't as friendly as your dog. 8. You can eat as much as you like. 9. A football match isn't as exciting as a hockey match. 10. The hotel isn't as cheap as we expected. 11. His songs aren't as popular as the Beatles songs. 12. Her brother is as intelligent as his wife.
1 В современном английском языке употребляется not as... as. См. Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar In Use".
a) A book for elementary students: Unit 88 — Rome is not as old as Athens.
b) A book for intermediate students: Unit 106 — But he isn't iin rifh as Shirly.
Степени сравнения прилагательных 103
Упражнение 131
Вставьте as... as или so... as.
1. Mike is... tall... Pete. 2. Kate is not... nice... Ann. 3. My room is... light... this one. 4. This book is not... thin... that one. 5. Sergei is... old... Michael. 6. She is... young... Tom's brother. 7. This woman is... good... that one. 8. Nick's English is not... good... his friend's. 9. I am not... tall... Pete. 10. This woman is... young... that one. 11. I am... thin... you. 12. Kate is... lazy... her brother. 13. This child is not... small... that one.
Упражнение 132
Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Он не такой усталый, как она. 2. Упражнение 2 такое же трудное, как и упражнение 3. 3. Она думает, что бокс такой же опасный вид спорта, как и борьба. 4. Этот дом такой же высокий, как тот.
5. Сегодня вода в реке не такая теплая, как вчера.
6. Ты не такой умный, как папа. 7. Индия не такая большая, как Китай. 8. Темза такая же красивая, как Нева. 9. Его бабушка не такая старая, как дедушка. 10. Яблоки такие же вкусные, как сливы, но не такие вкусные, как груши. 11. Русский музей такой же богатый, как Эрмитаж? 12. Державин не такой знаменитый, как Пушкин. 13. Днепр не такой длинный, как Волга. 14. В прошлом году август был такой же жаркий, как июль. 15. Он не такой старый, как я. 16. Она такая же щедрая, как ее бабушка. 17. Его машина такая же удобная (комфортабельная), как твоя. 18. Экзамен был не таким трудным, как мы ожидали. 19. Он такой же сильный, как его брат. 20. Этот компью-
104 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Степени сравнения прилагательных 105
тер не такой дорогой, как я ожидал. 21. Ее сын такой же вежливый, как и она. 22. Эта работа такая же интересная, как и твоя.
Не забывайте употреблять союз than при сравнительной степени прилагательного:
• E.g. Tom is taller than Kate.
Том выше Кати.
Упражнение 133
Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Эта работа легче той. 2. Этот роман более увлекательный, чем тот. 3. Андрей Миронов был более талантливым актером, чем другие. 4. Эти люди более приятные, более вежливые и более гостеприимные, чем те. 5. Этот дом выше того. 6. Сегодня вода в реке холоднее, чем вчера. 7. Папа умнее тебя. 8. Китай больше Индии. 9. Его бабушка моложе дедушки. 10. Груши вкуснее яблок. 11. Наша кошка меньше нашей собаки. 12. Мой брат моложе меня. 13. В прошлом году февраль был холоднее января. 14. Днепр короче Волги. 15. Эрмитаж богаче Русского музея.
Упражнение 134
Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1. The new cinema in our district is much bigger than the old one. 2. He is one of the most dangerous criminals in the world. 3. Nevsky Prospect is
much more beautiful than our street. 4. Our house isn't as big as yours. 5. That's the funniest story I've ever heard. 6. The tram system isn't as reliable as it used to be. 7. What is your height? You are taller than me. 8. She felt as strong as her brother. 9. We started earlier than you. 10. He was more careful than I.
11. This student is the most attentive in our group.
12. I need a warmer coat. 13. He is as tired as you. 14. He was one of the most experienced workers at the factory. 15. Better late than never. 16. She was not so attractive as her mother. 17. His work is not so difficult as mine. 18. He was the eldest in the family.
19. It is easier to swim in the sea than in the river.
20. This is the smallest room in our flat.
Упражнение 135
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного.
1. We should eat (healthy) food. 2. Today the streets aren't as (clean) as they used to be. 3. It's (bad) mistake he has ever made. 4. This man is (tall) than that one. 5. Asia is (large) than Australia. 6. The Volga is (short) than the Mississippi. 7. Which building is the (high) in Moscow? 8. Mary is a (good) student than Lucy. 9. The Alps are (high) than the Urals. 10. This garden is the (beautiful) in our town. 11. She speaks Italian (good) than English. 12. Is the word "newspaper" (long) than the word "book"? 13. The Thames is (short) than the Volga. 14. The Arctic Ocean is (cold) than the Indian Ocean. 15. Chinese is (difficult) than English. 16. Spanish is (easy) than German. 17. She is not so (busy) as I am. 18. It is as (cold) today as it was yesterday. 19. She is not
106 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
so (fond) of sports as my brother is. 20. Today the weather is (cold) than it was yesterday. 21. This book is (interesting) of all I have read this year. 22. January is the (cold) month of the year. 23. My sister speaks English (bad) than I do. 24. Which is the (hot) month of the year? 25. Which is the (beautiful) place in this part of the country? 26. This good-looking girl is the (good) student in our group.
Упражнение 136
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного.
1. Her eyes are (grey) than mine. 2. He was the (fat) man in the village. 3. As he went on, the box became (heavy) and (heavy). 4. My sister is the (tall) girl in her class. 5. Who is the (attentive) student in your group? 6. It is autumn. Every day the air becomes (cold), the leaves (yellow). 7. This is the (beautiful) view I have ever seen in my life. 8. Your handwriting is now (good) than it was last year; but still it is not so (good) as Nick's handwriting. Nick has a (good) handwriting than you. And of course Nellie has the (good) handwriting of all. 9. Oil is (light) than water. 10. We shall wait for a (dry) day to go on the excursion. 11. A bus is (fast) than a tram. 12. Take some of these sweets: they are very (nice). They are (nice) than the sweets in that box.
13. He clearly did not like the explanation, and as he listened to it, he became (angry) and (angry).
14. He worked (hard) and (hard) as the end of the term came nearer. 15. The (tall) trees in the world grow in California. 16. Please be (careful) next time and don't spill the milk again. 17. Bobby was a (quiet) child. He was (quiet) than his sister.
Степени сравнения прилагательных 107
Упражнение 137
Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Это самая ценная картина в Русском музее. 2. Мой компьютер не такой новый, как компьютер моего друга. 3. Наши экзамены гораздо труднее, чем ваши. 4. Здание Московского университета самое высокое в столице. 5. Наш город не такой большой, как Киев, но он такой же красивый. 6. Невский проспект — одна из самых красивых улиц Санкт-Петербурга. 7. Кто самый младший ученик в нашей группе? — Петров. Но он самый высокий. 8. Грамматика английского языка трудная, но английское произношение труднее. 9. Магазины на нашей улице больше, чем магазины на вашей улице. 10. Наш телевизор такой же хороший, как этот. 11. Эта комната светлее той. 12. Погода сегодня хуже, чем вчера. Сегодня холоднее, и идет дождь. 13. Моя комната не такая большая, как комната моей подруги, но она светлее и теплее. 14. Какая из этих книг самая интересная? 15. Ноябрь — не такой холодный месяц, как январь. 16. Мой отец — очень занятой человек. 17. Крым — одно из самых лучших мест для отдыха. 18. Сегодня он чувствует себя гораздо лучше.
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| ПРЕДЛОГИ __________ Предлоги места и направления ___________ В целях выработки беглости речи полезно запомнить следующие словосочетания: |
| Упражнение 138 Вставьте предлоги on, in или into. 1.Where is the book? — It is... the table. 2. Where is the tea? — It is... the cup. 3. Put the plates... the table. 4. Put the book... the bag. 5. There is a beautiful picture... the wall. 6. He went... the room. 7. I like to sit... the sofa... my room. 8. Mother is cooking dinner... the kitchen. 9. She went... the room and sat down... the sofa. 10. There are many people... the park today. 11. There is a girl standing... the bridge. Why is she crying? — She has dropped her doll... the water. 12. There is no tea... my cup. 13. Pour some tea... my cup. 14. Put these flowers... the windowsill. 15. I saw many people... the platform waiting for the train. 16. We went... the garden and sat down... a bench. 17. The |
_________ ГДЕ? __________
НА столе ______ ON
On the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the windowsill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the platform, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard, on the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the windowsill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the platform, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard.
КУДА?
НА стол ______ ON
On the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the windowsill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the platform, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard, on the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the windowsill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the platform, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard.
__________ ГДЕ? _________
В комнате IN
In the room, in the kitchen, in the house, in the car, in the box, in the cupboard, in the bag, in the pocket, in the hall, in the plate, in the cup, in the glass, in the bottle, in the snow, in the water, in the river, in the lake, in the sea, in the wood, in the park, in the garden, in the yard, in the classroom.
_________ КУДА? ________
В комнату INTO
Into the room, into the kitchen, into the house, into the car, into the box, into the cupboard, into the bag, into the pocket, into the hall, into the plate, into the cup, into the glass, into the bottle, into the snow, into the water, into the river, into the lake, into the sea, into the wood, into the park, into the garden, into the yard, into the classroom.
110 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Предлоги
teacher hung a picture... the blackboard. 18. I opened the door and went... the classroom. The teacher was writing some words... the blackboard. The pupils were writing these words... their exercise books. There were some books and pens... the teacher's table. There were two maps... the wall and some flowers... the windowsills. I saw a pen... the floor. I picked it up and put it... the table. 19. He put his hand... his pocket, took out a letter and dropped it... the mailbox which hung... the wall of the house. Then he got... his car and drove off.
| Запомните также следующие словосочетания: | |||
| ГДЕ? | КУДА? | ||
| У стены AT | К стене ТО | ||
At the wall, at the door, at the window, at the blackboard, at the map
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