TENSES OF THE VERB (Active Voice)
| Past | Present | Future | ||||
| S i m p l e | V2(ed)/ did …V1 | yesterday, last week, a year ago, the other day, never | V1-s (he, she, it)/ do, does … V1 | usually, always, often, sometimes, seldom, as a rule, never | (I, we) shall/will V1 | tomorrow, next year, in 2 hours, some day, never |
| + I played. He wrote ? Did you play? Did he write? - I did not play. He did not write. | + I play. He plays. ? Do you play? Does he play? -I do not play. He does not play. | + He will play. ? Will he play? - He will not play. | ||||
| C o n t i n u o u s | was/were Ving | at 5 o'clock yesterday, from 6 till 7, the whole day, still, when heV2, while he was Ving | am/is/are Ving | now, at present moment, still | shall/will be Ving | at 5 o’clock tomorrow, from 6 till 7, the whole day, still, when heV1, while he is Ving |
| + He was playing. ?Was he playing? -He was not playing. | + He is playing. ? Is he playing? - He is not playing. | + He will be playing. ? Will he be playing? -He will not be playing. | ||||
| P e r f e c t | had V3(ed) | by 2 o'clock yesterday, by that time, before he V2, after he had V3 | have/(he, she, it) has V3(ed) | already, just, yet, so far, lately, recently, since, for, today, ever, never, always | shall/will have V3(ed) | by 2o’clock tomorrow, before he V1, after he V1/ has V3 |
| + He had written. ?Had he written? - He had not written. | + He has played. He has written. ? Has he played? Has he written? -He has not played. He has not written. | + He will have written. ? Will he have written? - He will not have written. | ||||
| P e r f e c t C o n t. | had been Ving | for 2 hours/ since 2 o'clock when he V2 yesterday, how long? sincewhen? | have/has been Ving | for 2 hours, since 2 o'clock, for a long time, how long? sincewhen? | shall/will have been Ving | for 2 hours/ since 2 o'clock when he V1 tomorrow, how long? sincewhen? |
| +He had been writing. -He had not been writing. ? Had he been writing? | + He has been writing. ? Has he been writing - He has not been writing. | + He will have been writing. ? Will he have been writing? - He will not have been writing. |
| Past | Present | Future | |
| S i m p l e | · последовательные действияв пошлом Tom came home. He took out a key and opened the door. When he entered the room the telephone rang. · действия, не связанные с настоящим, закончившиеся в прошлом, с указанием точного времени They visited their uncle last week. · c предлогом for если он обозначает период времени, который в прошлом и не связан с настоящим Не lived in Paris for three years, two years ago he moved to London. Now he lives in London. | · обычные, регулярные, последовательные действия и состояния в настоящем He usually comes at 6. It is hot in summer. · о расписании поездов, началe матчей, фильмов и т. д. The train arrives at 12.30. · в придаточных предложениях времени и условия If the weather is good, we shall go to the country. | · Последовательные действия в будущем I’ll do the work and then I’ll go for a walk. · решение принимается в момент речи It is cold. I’ll put on my sweater. · выражается мнение говорящего I think our team will win. · угроза, обещание, предсказание I’ll tell your parents about your bad behavior. |
| C o n t i n u o u s | · действие в процессе, происходившее в определённый момент в пошлом I was writing a letter at 5 o’clock yesterday · прошедшее действие в процессе, прерываемое другим, одномоментным действием The boy was watching TV when the telephone rang. · два или больше одновременных действия в процессе The girl was reading a book while her sister was watching TV. | · действие в процессе, происходящее в момент речи Look, Ann is playing with the dog. · заранее запланированное действие(я с кем-то договорился) I am meeting my friends tonight. My aunt is coming to visit us. · упрек, обида, раздражение с указателями времени always, all the time, constantly Why are you complaining all thetime? be going to · собираться (я планирую) Tom is ill. We are going to visit him. · очевидно по обстановке It is going to rain soon. | · действие в процессе, которое будет происходить в определённый момент в будущем I will be swimming in the sea at this time tomorrow. · привычное действие I’ll be going to the library tomorrow. (I go there every Monday) · вежливый вопрос о планах (с целью попросить о помощи · или предложить помощь) Will you be going past the post-office? Could you post this letter? |
| P e r f e c t | · прошедшее действие, происшедшее до какого-то момента They had finished dinner by 5 o’clock yesterday. · прошедшее действие, происшедшее до другого действия They had finished dinner before I came yesterday. | · ситуация в настоящем; действие закончено, имеется его результат; нет указаний на прошлое I have bought a dress. It is nice. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. · с указателями времени this year, this week, today, this day, always · если этот период времени еще не закончен к моменту речи I have seen her this morning. (It is morning now) · с указателями времени since, for, how long с глаголами, не употребляющимися в длительных временах I have been here for 2 hours I have known him for 10 years. | · будущее действие, которое закончится до какого-то момента They will have finished dinner by 5 o’clock tomorrow. · будущее действие, которое закончится до другого действия They will have finished dinner before I come tomorrow. |
| P e r f. C o n t. | · действие, которое длилось до какого-то момента либо другого действия в прошлом в течение определённого периода When I came last Saturday she had been working in the garden for 2 hours. | · действие, которое началось в прошлом и длится до настоящего в течение какого-то периода и имеется его результат She is tired. She has been cleaning the rooms since morning. · раздражение, недовольство Someone has been lying to me. | · действие, которое будет длиться до какого-то момента либо другого действия в будущем в течение определённого периода When I come tomorrow she will have been working in the garden for 2 hours. |