Read and translate the following international words. Look up their transcriptions in the dictionary if necessary. Mind the part of speech.

Qualification n, organization n, hierarchy n, philosophy n, presentation n, academic adj, context n, term n, original adj, demonstrate v, competence n, department n, examination n, test n v, programme n, general adj, discipline n, special adj, select v, criteria n, vary v, typically adv, candidate n, committee n, interpretation n, publication n, systematic adj, professional adj, practice n, conceptualise v, generation n, project n, detailed adj, total adj, factor n, process n, international adj, standard n, classification n, equivalent adj, certification n.

Read and translate the following word combinations which come from the texts of the Unit. Mind the use of nouns as attributes in preposition. Look up your dictionary if necessary.

Background undergraduate-level knowledge, a PhD Candidacy Examination, a Special Field Examination, a peer review, a thesis topic, a research Doctorate, a Habilitation thesis/dissertation, a research doctoral dissertation, a faculty supervisor, a Habilitation qualification, a two-stage research degree obtaining path, an International Standard Classification of Education, a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree, an Associate Professor, a Candidate of Sciences degree, research experience.

15. Form the nouns with the help of the following suffixes. Read and translate them into Russian.

a) -er/-or: supervise, hold, seek, research, employ, speak, lecture, provide, teach, manage, advise, translate, use, design, compute;

b) -ment: require, govern, adjust, manage, equip, achieve, state, measure, move, improve, recruit, develop, arrange, advertise, employ;

c) -ion/-ation/-ition/-sion/-tion: create, educate, organize, present, examine, generate, submit, motivate, conclude, discuss, evaluate, compare, abbreviate, investigate, cite, define, combine, relate, educate.

Section 3. GRAMMAR PRACTICE

Arrange these words in the right order. Use a capital letter to begin each sentence. Mark each rewritten sentenceSYO M PT to show Subject, Verb, Object, Place (Where?), lime (When?).

1. degree, studying, I, PhD, am, the, for. 2. postgraduate, abroad, spent, she, year, her, college, first, after, studying. 3. three, complete, years, takes, four, to, PhD, to, a. 4. research, working, project, am, a, I, at. 5. wide, postgraduate, the, year, offers, range, a, university, this, you, studies, of. 6. postgraduate, loans, through, you, funding, grants, get, and, for, study, can. 7. programme, apply, postgraduate, to, university, a, decided, at, this, research, he, for. 8. practically, research, year, attended, every, I, last, seminar. 9. taught, world-leading, by, you, be, academics. 10. dissertation, Roman, he, architecture, his, on, wrote.

17. Read and translate the following complex sentences with differ­ent types of subordinate clauses. Use your dictionary if necessary.

1. The ability to teach students to think for themselves is one of the highlights of UK higher education, and as teaching and academic contact hours seem likely to be increasingly scrutinised by prospective students, it will be important for universities to find ways to emphasise educational nuances which are not easily quantifiable. 2. There is no single definition of the term “postgraduate” although it is often used to describe further study undertaken by those who already have a first degree. 3. New models of PhD have developed in recognition of the fact that a PhD is not solely a route into academia, and that a large proportion of PhD graduates progress into senior positions outside the higher education sector. 4. A doctoral degree is awarded for the creation of original research that extends the boundary of knowledge or practice within a particular discipline. 5. What is important is the correct sequence of building operations. 6. While doctoral degrees have traditionally focused on research, in recent years there has been a noticeable growth in courses which incorporate a substantial taught element, although the fundamental requirement for a doctoral candidate to carry out a substantial body of original research remains. 7. Research degrees are the one area of postgraduate education where men outnumber women, though only just. 8. In 1999, ministers from 29 European countries signed the Bologna Agreement to reform higher education, establishing an international set of standards and nomenclature by which to compare qualifications offered by different countries.

18. Read and translate the following complex sentences with relative clauses in which the relative conjunctions (whichlthat) are left out.

1. The quality assurance processes of academic standards currently provided by the Quality Assurance Agency are generally considered efficient by the universities it serves, and as a body, it is highly regarded internationally. 2. The structural engineer must design structures to be safe for their users and to successfully fulfil the function they are designed for. 3. There are lots of different types of engineering. The one thing they have in common is that they use Maths and Science to improve industry and manufacturing. 4. The report he made after the delegation had visited our plant shows that he has finally realized the importance of the work we are doing here. 5. Given the diversity of the postgraduate population and the variety of postgraduate qualifications available, it is not surprising that the motivations people have for undertaking postgraduate study are varied. 6. The UK. is second only to the USA in terms of the number of international students it attracts, with 11.6 per cent of the international student market.

19. In some of these sentences you don’t need who, which or that. If you don’t need these words, put them in brackets like this: (who), (which), (that).