Практическое занятие №10
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Текст 9
Стр. 108
THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN GREAT BRITAIN
The legal profession in England is divided into two main groups, barristers and solicitors. A popular definition of the distinction between solicitors and barristers is that barristers do the court work and solicitors do the office work. In practice, the major volume of court work is done by solicitors and barristers do much “office” work. At present no solicitor, however experienced, may represent a client at a full hearing in any of the higher courts. On the other hand, a barrister, however inexperienced, may represent clients in the Supreme Court.
Being a solicitor does not simply involve acquiring a knowledge of the theory and practice of the law. It also requires high standards of conduct and an onerous obligation to the courts. The full title of a solicitor is “Solicitor of the Supreme Court”. All solicitors are automatically officers of the court. They have duties to the court which sometimes override the duties to their clients. For instance, solicitors must not knowingly allow their client to tell lies in the witness box. If a client confesses their guilt to a solicitor, the solicitor would be committing an offence if he or she then called the client to give evidence that they were innocent.
Many barristers, especially junior barristers, spend much of their time on paperwork, giving opinions, drafting pleadings and other documents related to court proceedings, but also drafting contracts, trust deeds and other formal legal documents which are not immediately connected with litigation.
A person seeking to qualify as a solicitor can become a trainee solicitor after three years of university legal education and one extra year doing the legal practice course. As a trainee solicitor it is possible to obtain a paid position even before qualifying.
The young wouldbe barrister has much less chance of earning anything before he qualifies, must then obtain a seat in chambers from which he can try to build up a practice, knowing that, times will probably be hard for a few years. He has to meet his own expenses, cover his own holidays and buy his own (very expensive) sickpay insurance. In return he gets the satisfaction of wearing a wig, and of being self-employed. Doubtless also, being a barrister still sounds a much more glamorous occupation than being a solicitor.
Notes
legal profession /ˈliːɡl prəˈfeʃn/ – юридическая профессия
barrister /ˈbærɪstə(r)/ – барристер, адвокат, выступающий в суде
solicitor /səˈlɪsɪtə(r)/ – солиситор, поверенный
do the court work /kɔːt wɜːk/ – выполнять работу в суде
do the office work – выполнять работу в конторе
represent a client at full hearing /reprɪˈzent əˈklaɪənt ət fʊl ˈhɪərɪŋ/–представлять клиента на полном слушании
acquiring a knowledge of the theory and practice /əˈkwaɪə(r)ɪŋ əˈnɒlɪdʒ əv ðəˈθɪəri ənd ˈpræktɪs/ – приобретение знаний по теории и практике
onerous /ˈəʊnərəs/ – обременительный
officer of the court /ˈɒfɪsə(r) əv ðə kɔːt/– судебный исполнитель
have duties to the court /ˈdjuːti/ – иметь обязательства перед судом
override /ˌəʊvəˈraɪd/ – превышать
witness box /ˈwɪtnəs bɒks/ – место для дачи свидетельских показаний
confess a guilt /kənˈfes ə ɡɪlt/ – признать вину
offence /əˈfens/ – правонарушение
give evidence /ɡɪv ˈevɪdəns/ – давать свидетельские показания
innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ – невиновный
draft /drɑːft/ – составлять проект
pleadings /ˈpliːdɪŋ/ – состязательные бумаги, которыми обмениваются стороны на предварительной стадии судебного процесса
court proceedings /kɔːt /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/ – рассмотрение дела в суде
trust deed /ˈtrʌst diːd/ – акт учреждения доверительной собственности
legal documents /ˈliːɡl ˈdɒkjumənt/ – юридические документы
litigation /ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn/ – судебная тяжба
qualify as a solicitor /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ əz ə səˈlɪsɪtə(r)/ – получить квалификацию поверенного
trainee /ˌtreɪˈniː/ – практикант
legal education /ˈliːɡlˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ – юридическое образование
legal practice /ˈliːɡl ˈpræktɪs/– юридическая практика
obtain a paid position /əbˈteɪn ə peɪd pəˈzɪʃn/ – получить оплачиваемую должность
wouldbe barrister /ˈwʊd biː ˈbærɪstə(r)/ – стремящийся стать адвокатом
obtain a seat in chambers /əbˈteɪn ə siːt ɪn ˈtʃeɪmbə(r)z / – получить место в конторе
sickpay – insurance /ˈsɪk peɪ ɪnˈʃʊərəns/ оплата по болезни
build up a practice /ˈbɪld ʌp ə ˈpræktɪs/– приобрести клиентуру
Задания для пропустивших занятие 17.11.2021
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Повторить слова по текстам 1-8.
Выучить ответы на следующие вопросы:
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Give the definition of the word “law”.
2. What ways do governments have to be sure that citizens obey the law?
3. What powers do the police have?
4. What disputes does civil law concern? Name the main categories of civil law.
5. What disputes does public law concern? Name the main categories of public law.
6. What are the main differences between barristers and solicitors in England?
7. What principle is very important in many legal systems?
8. What is a criminal punishment? Name some basic penalties.
9. What is a defence? Name some defences.
10. What is a human right?