ДЗ (на 22.12.2021):
1. Учить слова тексты 9,10, 11 (Юридические профессии)
Для 301- тексты 10, 11
2. Перевести предложения с выделенными словами, ответить на вопросы по тексту 12:
1. What does Constitutional law concern? (2 points)
2. What relations should be founded upon and governed by law?
| Стр.118 Текст 12 DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW The starting point for studying constitutional law should ideally be the same starting point as for studying political philosophy, or the role of law and government in society. How is individual freedom1.) to be reconciled with the claims of social justice? Is society founded upon 2) a reciprocal network of rights and duties, or is the individual merely a pawn in the hands of state power? These fundamental questions are often not3) pursued explicitly in the study of constitutional law. Constitutional law concerns the relationship between the individual and the state. As a historian has stated, law is not merely a matter of the rules which govern relations between private individuals (for example between husband and wife, or between landlord and tenant). Law also concerns the structure and powers of the state. The constitutional lawyer is always likely to insist that the relations between the individual and the state should be founded upon and governed by law. But law does not exist in a social and political vacuum. Within a given society, the legal rules that concern relations between husband and wife will reflect that society’s attitude to marriage. So too the rules of constitutional law, that4) govern political relations, will within a given society 5) reflect a particular distribution of political power. In a stable society, constitutional law expresses what may be 6) a very high degree of consensus about the organs and procedures by which political decisions are taken. Within a stable democracy, constitutional law reflects the value that people attach to orderly human relations,7) to individual freedom under the law, and to institutions such as parliament, political parties, free elections, and free press. Laws are the product of human decisions. As Lord Acton said, ‘‘Power tends to corrupt and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely’’. But 8) the weaknesses and imperfections of human nature are not 9) a reason for discarding law as a means of regulating political conduct.The laws of football are often broken. But if we shoot the referee and 10) tear up the rules, football as an organized activity 11) ceases to exist. 12) Total disbelief in the value of the individualor in the possibility of public good is therefore a bad starting point for studying constitutional law. But there is no need to go to the other extreme that in Great Britain we have 13) a matchless constitution. Constitutional law is 14) one branch of human learning and experience that helps to make life in today’s world more tolerable and less brutish than it might otherwise be. scope [skəʊp] – масштаб, размах, диапозон pawn in the hands of state power – залог в руках государственной власти within a given society – в пределах (в рамках) данного общества merely – просто, только attach to orderly human relations – распространяться на упорядоченные (организованные) человеческие отношения means of regulating political conduct – способ регулирования политического поведения make life more tolerable and less brutish – сделать жизнь более терпимой и менее жестокой | Найти в тексте данные слова и словосочетания, прочитать и перевести предложения 1) be reconciled /ˈrekənsaɪld/ with – быть согласованным с 2) reciprocal /rɪˈsɪprəkl/ network – взаимная (двусторонняя) связь 3) be pursued /pəˈsjuːd ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli/ / explicitly – проводиться ясно 4) govern political relations /ˈɡʌvn pəˈlɪtɪkl rɪˈleɪʃns/ – управлять политическими отношениями 5) reflect a particular distribution of political power /rɪˈflekt ə pəˈtɪkjələ(r) ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn əv pəˈlɪtɪkl ˈpaʊə(r)/– отражать определенное разделение политической власти 6) very high degree of consensus /kənˈsensəs/ – очень высокий уровень согласия 7) individual freedom under the law – свобода личности по закону 8) weaknesses and imperfections /ˌɪmpəˈfekʃn/ of human nature – слабости и недостатки человеческой натуры 9) reason for discarding /dɪˈskɑːd/ law – основание для отступления от закона 10) tear up the rules – нарушать правила 11) cease to exist /siːs tə ɪɡˈzɪst/ / – прекратить существование 12) total disbelief /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːf/ in the value of the individual or in the possibility of public good – полное неверие в ценность личности или в возможность общественного добра 13) matchless /ˈmætʃləs/ constitution – неподходящая конституция 14) one branch of human learning and experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ – одна ветвь человеческого знания и опыта.. |
Задания для пропустивших занятие 15.12.2021