СЛОЖНОПОДЧИНЕННЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
Подчинительные союзы (subordinate conjunctions) —указывают на тип придаточного: времени, причины, характера действия и пр.
Таблица подчинительных союзов с переводом и примерами
Придаточные времени вводятся следующими союзами:
| Союзы с переводом | Примеры употребления |
| After – после (того) | I will go home after I complete the work |
| as soon as – как только | As soon as I am ready I’ll give you a call |
| as long as – пока, до тех пор, пока | I will be happy as long as you love me. |
| Before – до (того) | Before you go to bed, clean your room |
| Till –пока, до тех пор пока (не) | We can't do anything till they approve of our plan. |
| Until - пока, до тех пор пока (не) | We can't do anything until they approve of our plan. |
| When — когда | I’ll go out when the rain stops |
| Whenever – когда бы ни, всякий раз когда | I come whenever you need me. |
| While — пока | What happened while I was gone? |
Придаточные услови я вводятся следующими союзами:
| Союзы с переводом | Примеры употребления |
| If – если | I’ll go for a walk if the weather is fine. |
| even if – даже если | I’ll go for a walk even if the weather is rainy. |
| in case – в случае / на случай | He took a torch in case there was no light in the attic. |
| Provided (that) — при условии, если только; в том случае, если | Provided that all is safe, you may go. |
| Unless – если не | Wе’ll go for a walk unless it rains |
| Once – раз уж, так как (уже) | Once you've completed all that work, you might go home |
Придаточные места вводятся следующими союзами:
| Союзы с переводом | Примеры употребления |
| where | I don’t know where to go |
| wherever | Now that you have a car you can go wherever you want. |
Придаточные причины / цели вводятся следующими союзами:
| Союзы с переводом | Примеры употребления |
| Because – потому что | I’m angry because she’s let me down |
| Since – так как | Since she is right, you are mistaken. |
| As – так как | She was late, as she had got stuck in the traffic jam |
| in order that — чтобы | She got up earlier in order that not to be late |
| so that – так чтобы | She swept the leaves away so that she could sit. |
Придаточные образа действия (в том числе сравнения) / уступки вводятся следующими союзами:
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|
| Союзы с переводом | Примеры употребления |
| just as – точно так же | God was God's name just as his name was Stephen. |
| Whereas — тогда как; несмотря на то, что | Global warming has a negative impact on third-world agriculture, whereas it has a positive impact on first-world farming |
| As — словно | I feel her, as she is here |
| Although – хотя | She insisted on her idea, although she was not right. |
| even though — даже если, хотя | There was something alive in my thoughts even though time had mellowed them. |
| Though –хотя | She insisted on her idea, though she was not right. |
| As if | He behaves as if he were the boss here |
Теперь, когда вы познакомились с основной частью союзов в английском языке, предлагаю Вам выполнить задания и упражнения на их употребление.
Задание: перепишите подчинительные союзы из таблиц с переводом.
Упражнения:
Упражнение 1. Выберите 1 правильный союз из 2-х выделенных жирным шрифтом. Запишите в виде теста, например: «1. Since, 2… и т.д.». ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ предложения на русский язык.
- Since / Justas there’s too much work to do, we won’t go on holiday.
- I’d better take an umbrella in саse /whether it rains.
- Just keep an eye on the baby while / whereas I cook the supper, will you?
- Many of the children feel more confident if / though they work in groups.
- Although / in order that he hasn’t said anything, he seems to be upset about it.
- You must be careful while / unless you wash this delicate silk blouse.
- I’d like to find out when / even if the classes begin.
- By / as long as the time you receive this letter, I’ll have left for Japan.
- At last, after / as long as he had tried three times, he passed his exam.
- The manager didn’t offer him the job because / although his appearance was very untidy.
- Even if / When there are small children around, it’s better to put breakable ornaments out of their reach.
- Unless / Until you hurry, you won’t catch the bus.
- I couldn’t resist having another slice of cake in case / even though I was supposed to be losing some weight.
- Leave the cake in the oven until / because it turns brown.
Упражнение 2. Укажите правильный союз. Оформите в виде теста, например: «1.А, 2.В и т.д.» ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ предложения на русский язык.
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- Mark can’t leave his job... he has found another one. (A as soon as / В until / C when)
- My son’s hair got darker... he got older. (A as / В if / C as long as)
- I’ll lend you this book... I have finished reading it. (A unless / В in case / C when)
- … I lived farther from the school than any other pupil, I was often the last to arrive. (A Although / В Despite /C Since)
- I stood on a chair... I could reach the upper shelf. (A because / В so that /C as)