13.2.
| body (one) | thing | where | ||
| a positive sentence | some | somebody (someone) | something | somewhere |
| - an interrogative sentence - a negative sentence (not any) | any | anybody (anyone) | anything | anywhere |
| употребляется в условных предложениях после “if” If anybody rings me up, tell them I’ll be home after six. | ||||
| a negative sentence | no | nobody (no one) | nothing | nowhere употребляется, как правило, как краткий ответ на вопрос “Where are you going?” “Nowhere.” |
| every | everybody (everyone) | everything | everywhere |
Task 4. Learn the usage of the structure “to be + adjectives”
be to:
| busy | late |
| free | sorry |
| lazy | present |
| ill | absent |
| tired (of) | responsible (for) |
| sick and tired (of) | afraid (of) |
| thirsty | anxious |
| hungry | desperate |
| over | nervous |
| proud (of) | fond (of) |
| famous (for) | excited |
| born | ready (for) |
| glad | bored (to death) |
| happy | angry (cross) (with) |
Task 5. Revise Grammar:prepositions “of time”
| Century | |
| - в 15 веке | - in the 15th century |
| - в начале 15 века | - at the beginning of the 15th century |
| - в конце 15 века | - at the end of the 15th century |
| - в середине 15 века | - in the middle of the 15th century |
| Year | |
| - в 1945 | - in1945; in the year of 1945 |
| - в начале … | - at the beginning of the year |
| - в конце … | - at the end of the year |
| - в середине … | - in the middle of the year |
| Seasons | |
| - летом (зимой, весной, осенью) | - in summer (in winter, …) |
| - этим летом (…) | - this summer (this winter, …) |
| - прошлым летом (…) | - last summer (last winter, …) |
| - будущим летом (…) | - next summer (next winter, …) |
| Mind: в выражениях «этим …» (“ this … ”), «прошлым …» (“ last … ”),«будущим …» (“ next … ”)Артикль и предлоги перед последующим существительным не употребляются | last week, next lesson, this year, etc. |
| - в начале … | - at the beginning of the summer |
| - в конце … | - at the end of the spring |
| - в середине … | - in the middle of the autumn |
| Months | |
| - в Октябре (…) | - in October (…) |
| - в начале … | - at the beginning of October |
| - в конце … | - at the end of October |
| - в середине … | - in the middle of October |
| Week days | |
| - в понедельник (…) | - onMonday (…) |
| Dates | |
| - 25-го марта (…) | - on the 25th of March; on March the 25th |
| 24 hours; day and night | |
| - утром (днем, вечером) | - in the morning (in the afternoon, in the evening) |
| Но: - в понедельник утром, холодным вечером, … (т.е. – каким утром, днем, вечером) | But: - on Monday morning, on a cold evening, etc. |
| - ночью | - at night |
| - в полночь | - at midnight |
| - в полдень | - in the midday |
| - в 7 часов | - at7 (o’clock) |
| - к 7 часам | - by 7 (o’clock) |
| - до 7 часов | - till7 (o’clock) |
| - с 6 до 7 часов | - from 6 till (until) 7 (o’clock), from 6 to 7 (o’clock) |
| - около 7 часов | - at about 7 (o’clock) |
| - во время, в течение: | - during, for |
| - во время (события) | - during the war |
| - в течение (на протяжении отрезка времени) | - for 2 hours |
| - со времен, с тех пор, после | - sincehis arrival |
| - после | - afterthe victory |
| - накануне, перед | - beforethe lesson, on the Eveof the New Year |
| - как только | - as soon asI can come |
| - тому назад | - three days ago |
| - пока, в течение (действия) | - as, when, while As (when, while) I was going along the street I didn’t notice any car. |
| - на Пасху, в Рождество, … | - at Christmas (at Easter),…(On Easter Monday) |
| - в конце недели, в выходной | - at the weekend (Gr. Br.) on the weekend (US) |
| - через | - in I’ll call you in a week. |
Task 4. Question words and types of questions
| “to be” | ||
| утвердительное предложение | My brother is a football fan. My friends are football fans. | |
| отрицательное предложение | My brother is not (isn’t) a football fan. My friends are not (aren’t) football fans. | |
| вопросы | общий вопрос | Is your brother a football fan? Are your friends football fans? |
| альтернативный вопрос | Is your brother a football fan or a box fan? Are your friends football fans orbox fans? | |
| специальный вопрос | специальный вопрос | What sport is your brother a fan of? What sport are your friends fans of? |
| специальный вопрос с who | Whois a fan of football? | |
| разделительный вопрос | Your brother is a football fan, isn’t he? Your friends are football fans, aren’t they? |
| Who | Кто (о человеке) | |
| - Who is he? – He is a good boy. | ||
| Who(m) | Кого, Кому | |
| Who(m) do you see there? | ||
| What | Что(о предмете) | |
| - What is on the table? – The book is. | ||
| Кто(о животном) | ||
| - What do you have? – I have a cat. | ||
| Кто(о человеке – по профессии) | ||
| - What is your mother? – She is a doctor. | ||
| What (+ существительное) | Какой | What music do you like? |
| What kind of | What kind of music do you like? | |
| Whose (+ существительное) | Чей | |
| Whosebook is it? | ||
| Where | Где | |
| Wheredo you live? | ||
| Куда | ||
| Where are you going (to)? | ||
| Where … from | Откуда | |
| Where are you from? | ||
| When | Когда | |
| When will you come home? | ||
| Why | Почему | |
| Why are you not at home? | ||
| What … for | Зачем, для чего | |
| What is it for? | ||
| How | Как | |
| How can I do it? | ||
| How many (countable nouns) | Сколько | How many sisters have you? |
| How much (uncountable nouns) | How much coffee do you want? | |
| How long (time) | How long will you stay in Kiev? | |
| Which | Который | |
| Which book is yours? |
Task 6. Prepositions of place
| в(внутри) | in (in the box) I don’t think he’s in his office. |
| дома | at home |
| в кино, театре и т.п. | at the cinema, at the theatre, etc. |
| - в университете, школе, церкви, аэропорту, клубе и т.д. – если нас интересует деятельность, связанная с данным учреждением. - Если нас интересует местонахождение внутри данного учреждения | at school (university, church, airport, a club, etc. ) There’s a good film at the cinema in Market Street. in the school (university, church, airport, a club, etc. ) |
| на(на поверхности) | on (upon) (on the table) |
| на вокзале, вечере, лекции, работе и т.п. | at a station (at a party, at a lecture, at work, etc. ) |
| на картине (фото), поле, небе, дереве, траве, улице | in the picture (in the photo), in the field, in the sky, in the tree, in the grass, in the street She looks much younger in this photo. She lives in Albert Street. Mind: on the street (US) |
| в, к, на (направление куда-либо) Обычно последующее существительное употребляется с определенным артиклем впарк, к другу, на концерт и т.п. | to to the park; to the friend; to the concert |
| далеко | far (from);a long way(from) far - обычно употребляется в вопросах и отрицательных предложениях How far did you walk? The hostel is not far from here. a long way - обычно употребляется в утвердительных предложениях The station is a long way from here. |
| рядом, возле, у, около | near, by, beside, at Who’s the big guy sitting beside Jane? We live by the sea. We live near the sea, just 5 kilometres away. |
| в углу(комнаты) | in the corner (of the room) |
| на углу(улицы) | at the corner (of the street) on the corner (of two streets) |
| через | via, through, across, over |
| via Kiev (транзитом) | |
| through the city (движение в 3-х измеримом пространстве) I walked through the wood. We drove through several towns. | |
| across (over) the road, the river, the bridge, etc. (движение по плоской поверхности) He walked right across the desert. | |
| над, выше | above, over Can you see the helicopter above / over the palace? |
| под | under I think the cat’s under the bed. What are you wearing under your sweater? |
| за(чем-либо), сзади чего-либо | behind, at the back of |
| из(откуда) | from, out of, off |
| from school | |
| out of the room (bag, pocket, etc. ) | |
| off the table (с поверхности) | |
| слева, справа слева, справаот вас (…) | on the left, on the right on your left, on your right |
| налево, направо налево, направоот вас (…) | to the left, to the right to your left, to your right |
| спереди | in front of |
| из-за чего-либо | from behind |
| из-под чего-либо | from under |
| посередине | in the middle of |
| между, среди | between: - между двумя объектами, которые расположены по разным сторонам или между несколькими объектами, которые отчетливо разделены between the window and the sofa She was standing between Alice and Mary. among: - среди определенного количества чего-либо, кого-либо among the trees (students, etc. ) His house is hidden among the trees. |
| внутри | in(side) Yes, he is in. |
| снаружи | out(side) He is not at home, he is out. |
| внутрь | into |
| вокруг | round, around - (US) I’d like to travel (a)round the world. - Where do you live? - Just (a)round the corner. |
| вдоль | along |
| вверх | up |
| вниз | down |