Over the past decade, population intakes of trans fatty acids have fallen and are now, on average, well below the recommended
2 % of total energy set by the Department of Health in 1991, at 1.2 % of energy (Henderson et al. 2003). This is not to say that intakes
of trans fatty acids are not still a problem, and dietary advice states that those individuals who are in the top end of the distribution of
intake should still make efforts to reduce their intakes.
Labelling of trans fatty acids
Currently, trans fatty acids in foods are labelled in the USA, but not in the UK and Europe. The UK Food Standards Agency
(FSA) is in favour of the revision of the European directive that governs the content and format of nutrition labels in the UK (and the
rest of Europe), so that trans fatty acids are labelled. This should enable consumers to make healthier food choices with regard to heart
health (Clarke & Lewington 2006).
UNIT 44
EATING
Фонетические упражнения
1. Прочитайте слова с долгим гласным [u:] и кратким [u].
[u:]
tool
through
zoo
tooth
[u]
good
could
room
book
[u:]
cool
shoot
shoe
doom
[u]
took
cook
foot
should
2. Прочитайте следующие пары слов. Обратите внимание на смыс-
лоразличительную функцию долготы звука в словах.
fool [fu:l] (глупый)
food [fu:d] (пища)
pool [pu:l] (лужа)
full [ful] (полный)
foot [fut] (нога)
pull [pul] (тянуть)
3. Прочитайте слова с согласными [f], [v].
[f]
suffi cient
infl uence
fertility
fertilizer
fertile
[v]
vegetation
variety
cultivation
livestock
vegetables
4. Прочитайте следующие пары слов. Обратите внимание на смыс-
лоразличительную функцию звуков [f] и [v] в словах.
[f] [v]
fox (лиса) vox (голос)
few (несколько) view (вид)
fast (быстрый) vast (обширный)
5. Прочитайте следующие пары слов. Обратите внимание на одинаковое звучание, но разное значение данных слов.
fi r [fə:] (ель)
for [fO:] (за)
fowl [faul] (домашняя птица)
fur [fə:] (мех)
four [fO:] (четыре)
foul [faul] (отвратительный)
fl ower [fl auə] (цветок)
fl ue [fl u:] (дымоход)
fl our [fl auə] (мука)
fl ew [fl u:] (Past Simple от гл. to fly)
Словообразование
Суффиксы -hood, -ship образуют от существительных другие существительные с более общим значением.
brother (брат) – brotherhood (братство)
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man (мужчина) – manhood (мужество)
comrade (товарищ) – comradeship(товарищество)
6. Переведите следующие производные слова с суффиксами - hood,-ship.
a) sisterhood, womanhood, boyhood, girlhood, bachelorhood, babyhood, childhood;
b) ownership, authorship, professorship, teachership, relationship,
scholarship, studentship.
7. Образуйте существительные с суффиксами -hood, -ship.
-hood: author, lady, monk, daughter, priest, neighbour;
-ship: sportsman, dictator, friend, president, chairman, general.
8. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя суффиксы - ship,
- hood.
- ship: членство, товарищество, директорство, руководство, уче-
ность, собственность.
- hood: мужество, братство, материнство, холостая жизнь, девичес-
тво, младенчество, детство, отрочество.
Еда
to eat out – есть вне дома I like to eat out.
restaurant [΄restqrO:ŋ] – ресторан French restaurants are famous for high quality cooking.
dish – блюдо cold dish
waiter [΄ weItq] – официант Ask the waiter to bring you the bill.
snack – легкая закуска
to have a snack – перекусить
snack-bar – закусочная
meal [mi:l] – еда, принятие пищи
In some restaurants you can buy cooked meals to take home.
Блюда
cabbage soup [΄kxbIdʒ su:p] – щи
onion [΄Anjən] soup – луковый суп
roast [rəust] chicken – жареный цыпленок
mashed [mx∫t] potatoes – картофельное пюре
salad [΄sxləd] – салат
steak in wine sauce [sO:s] – бифштекс в винном соусе
egg mayonnaise [,meIə΄neIz] – яйцо под майонезом
beef stew [stju:] – тушеная говядина
caviar [΄kxvIa:] – икра
French fried [fraId] potatoes – картофель фри
В ресторане / кафе
to get a reservation [,rezq΄veIʃqn] – предварительно заказать место
Have you got a reservation?
to reserve a table – заказать столик заранее I’d like to reserve a table for two.
menu [΄menju:] – меню
on the menu – в меню
to ask for the menu – попросить меню
to look at the menu – посмотреть меню May I look at the menu?
(to) order [΄O:dq] – заказ, заказать Are you ready to order?
to take order – принять заказ Can I take your order, sir?
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to serve [sq:v] – подавать, обслуживать What do they serve today?
сharge [tSа:dʒ] – цена hotel charges
to start with – начинать с What would you like to start with?
starter – закуска; что-либо возбуждающее аппетит
As a starter I’d have a tomato juice.
for the fi rst/main course [kO:s] – на первое
for the second course – на второе
for dessert [dI΄zq:t] – на десерт There’s ice-cream for dessert.
to ask for a bill – попросить счет
to give a tip – дать чаевые Is it necessary to give a tip?
to decide on – выбрать что-нибудь What have you decided on?
25. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. Is eating out popular in this country?
2. Do you like foreign food?
3. Have you ever eaten Chinese or Italian or other foreign dishes? Did you like them?
26. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. Is eating out popular in Great Britain? Why?
2. What is a take-away restaurant?
Eating Out
Many housewives in Britain have nice kitchens in their apartments. But they have neither time nor desire to cook. They often buy ready-made food at the supermarkets or go to restaurants.
A very popular pastime is eating out in a restaurant. In most towns there is a wide variety of restaurants serving different types of food at different prices. Most British towns now have Chinese or Indian restaurants which serve quite cheap food. Italian restaurants are also popular and French restaurants are famous for high quality expensive cooking. Here are some example of restaurant names, and the kind of food they serve:
The Steak Bar – English dishes
The Bistro – International/
English dishes
Mandarin – Chinese dishes
Indus Curry – Indian dishes
Isola Bella – Italian dishes
Acropolis – Greek dishes
Pizzaland – pizzas
Bar-B-Que – hamburgers, chicken,
chips
Wimpy Bar – hamburgers, chicken,
chips
Chip Shop – fi sh and chips, pies,
sausage and chips
When you have looked at the menu and chosen what you want to eat, the waiter will come and take your order. Normally, you tell him what you want, for the fi rst two courses. He will take your order for dessert and coffee later.
When you fi nish eating, ask the waiter to bring you the bill. In most restaurants a service charge (10-15%) is added into the total sum that’s why it’s not necessary to give the waiter a tip.
Most towns have a number of restaurants as well as bars and cafes where you can get sandwiches and other snacks. There are also hamburger restaurants specializing in cheap meals, especially hamburgers.
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In take-away restaurants you can buy cooked meals to take home. Fish and chips shops are very popular. You can have some meals there (fi sh, but sometimes chicken or sausage too) or take them away to be eaten somewhere outside. Now there are take-away Chinese and Indian restaurants in many towns. Special take-away restaurants serving fried chicken are also popular. Your order is packed in special containers, particularly because you don’t have to pay V.A.T. on it.
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V.A.T. – value added tax – налог на добавленную стоимость
27. Согласны ли Вы со следующими утверждениями?
1. Only some people in Britain can afford (позволить себе) to eat out in a restaurant.
2. The British are very conservative. You can’t fi nd any other restaurants except British
3. Fish and chips shops provide food in containers to be eaten at home or elsewhere.
4. Take-away food is as expensive as eating in a restaurant.
5. Don’t go to take-away restaurants unless you like chicken. That’s all you can get there.
28. Найдите в тексте продолжение следующих предложений. Прочитайте и переведите предложения.
1. They often buy …
2. In most towns there is …
3. French restaurants …
4. You tell the waiter …
5. When you fi nish eating …
6. You can buy … in take-away restaurants.
7. As well as restaurants …
8. You can have some meal …
29. Вставьте предлоги: to, of, for, out, on, at.
1. I asked … the menu.
2. I like to eat ….
3. What’s … the menu today?
4. The waiter will take your order … dessert.
5. I like to go … self-service places.
6. Let’s invite the Smiths …dinner.
7. I looked … the menu.
8. I’m very fond … Chinese food.
30. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова.
1. A very popular pastime today is … in a restaurant.
2. If you want to dine at a restaurant you’d better … a table.
3. You ask the waiter to see the ….
4. First, you can have soup or a salad as a …. Then follows the main course i.e. …. Finally you can order ….
5. When you fi nish eating, ask the waiter to bring you the ….
6. If you are quite content with the service you may give the waiter some extra money. This is called a ….
7. You can also take food away from restaurants. It may be packed into special …
8. For many British people … is the center of social life.
9. You can buy many kinds of … in pubs.
31. Переведите следующие предложения. Запомните прилагательные, которые можно использовать с названиями блюд и напитков.
The cake looks wonderful. Roast chicken sounds good.
The milk tastes sour. The honey looks very nice.
The coffee feels cold. The bread was stale.
The steak smells delicious. It was four days old.
32. Скажите, какие из перечисленных ниже блюд и напитков Вы любите / не любите и почему.
e.g. a) I like roast chicken very much because it usually tastes very good, and smells lovely. b) I don’t like onion soup at all because onions usually taste and smell awful.
Egg mayonnaise, hot dogs, strawberries and cream, ice cream, smoked meat, coca cola, beer, mineral water, fruit juice, pepsi, home-made cake.
33. Прочитайте диалоги по ролям.
At a Restaurant
1 (reserving a table)
– Good evening, sir.
– Have you got a reserva
– No, I’m afraid not. Have you got a table for two?
– Yes, sir. Over there by the window. Come this way, please. Would you like something to drink while examining the menu?
– Yes, some sherry, please.
– Here it is, sir.
2 (ordering a meal)
a) – Are you ready to order?
– Yes, I think so.
– What would you like to start with?
– I’d like a prawn cocktail, please.
– And for the main course?
– I think I’ll have a roast chicken.
– Would you like wine with your meal?
– I’ll have another beer, please.
– Will that be all?
– That’s all for a while, thank you. Can I have the bill, please?
– Here it is.
– Is service included?
– Yes, it is.
b) – Have you decided on anything, sir?
– Yes, fi sh and chips for me, please.
– How about the sweet?
– No sweet, thanks. Just coffee.
34. Составьте диалоги по аналогии с данными ниже. Используйте слова в скобках.
– Would you like something to drink while examining the menu?
– Yes, some fruit juice, please. (whisky, soda water, mineral water, coca cola)
– Here it is, sir.
– What would you like to start with?
– I’d like a prawn cocktail, please.
– And for the main course?
– I think I’ll have chicken.
(sherry, Scotch whisky with ice, pepsi; mashed potatoes, steak in wine sauce, beef stew, mushrooms in cheese sauce)
– How about something to eat?
– I’ll have a piece of cheese cake.
– Right. I’ll bring it over.
(strawberries and cream, lemon pie, fresh fruit salad)
35. Придумайте недостающие реплики.
1. Where shall we sit? There are many vacant seats.
Предложите сесть у окна.
2. Here is the menu card. Have a look at it. What do they serve today?
Назовите несколько блюд.
3. Shall we take any soup?
Вы не любите суп.
4. I don’t like soup either. What would you like for the second course?
Предложите бифштекс и овощной салат.
5. And what about dessert?
Вы с удовольствием съели бы клубнику со сливками.
6. Shall we drink anything?
Вам бы хотелось немного красного вина.
36. Что Вы скажeте, если Вы хотите:
1) угостить кого-нибудь домашним яблочным пирогом;
2) предложить чашечку кофе другу;
3) чтобы вам принесли чашечку крепкого чая;
4) чтобы ваши гости попробовали бифштекс в винном соусе;
5) посмотреть меню;
6) получить счет.
Отдыхай с пользой
37. Прочитайте и переведите следующие пословицы. Вспомните их русские эквиваленты.
1. Toо many cooks spoil the broth.
2. His eyes are bigger than his stomach.
3. Tastes differ.
4. Hunger is the best sauce.
5. As hungry as a wolf (a hunter).
6. Man shall not live by bread alone.
7. He who pays the piper, calls the tune.
38. Какие пословицы из упражнения 38 можно употребить в следующих диалогах?
Father: Isn’t it time to have dinner?
Mother: Is everything ready, Ann?
Ann: Quite. Peter, will you help me to lay the table, please? (After the
table is laid) How do you like the soup, father?
Father: Not bad. But don’t you think it is a bit oversalted?