| Simple(Indefinite) | Progressive (Continuous) | Perfect | Perfect Progressive | ||||||
| Констатация факта, последовательные, регулярные действия в настоящем времени. | Длительность (в настоящее время.) | Завершенность. | Процесс происходящий уже в течении некоторого времени в настоящем, иногда в прошедшем. | ||||||
| P R ЕSEN T | Usually, often, seldom, always, sometimes, every day(week, month), on Mondays, still, daily, never, regularly. | Now, at the present moment, at this moment, right now, still, at 5 o’clock, always, constantly, all the time. | Already, ever, never, YET, several times (often), rarely, always, recently(lately), Just, all day, since, for, this week, today, so far, up to now. | Since 2 o’clock, for 2 hours already, for a long time, all day, (since I came here). | |||||
| + | S+V1; Vs E.g.:I often write letters He often writes letters. | + | S+to be(am, is, are)+Participle I (Ving) I am writing a letter now. He is writing now. | + | S+have/has+Participle II(V3, V ed). E.g.:I have just written a letter. | + | S+have/has+been+Ving. E.g.:He has been writing a letter since 2 o’clock. | ||
| - | S+don’t/doesn’t+ V1 I don’t write letters. He doesn’t write... | - | S+am not(aren’t/isn’t)+Ving. You aren’t written now. He isn’t writing now. | - | S+haven’t/hasn’t+V3, V ed.E.g.: I haven’t written a letter yet. He hasn’t written a letter yet. | - | S+haven’t/hasn’t+been+Ving. E.g.: He hasn’t been writing a letter all day. | ||
| ? | Do/does+ S+ V1? DoI often write letters? Does he often write letters? ?кS? Who writes letters? | ? | Am/is/are+S+Ving? Are you writing now? Is he writing now? ?кS? Who is written now? | ? | Have/has+S+V3, V ed?. E.g.:Has he already written a letter? ?к S?Who has written a letter? | ? | Have/has+S+been+Ving.E.g.: Has he been writing a letter since 2 o’clock. ?к S?Whohas been writing a letter all day. | ||
| Пишу обычно, часто, редко, всегда, иногда, каждый день, по понедельникам, ежедневно, всё ещё, никогда, регулярно. | Пишу сейчас, в настоящий момент, прямо сейчас, всё ещё, в 5часов, всегда, постоянно, всё время (для выражения привычки.). | Написал уже, когда-нибудь, никогда, ещё не, несколько раз, редко, всегда, недавно, только что, весь день, с, в течение, на этой неделе, сегодня. | Пишу с 2 часов, в течение уже 2 часов, долго, весь день, с тех пор как я пришел. | ||||||
| P A S T | Констатация факта, последовательные, регулярные действия в прошлом. | Процесс. (в прошедшем времени.) | Завершенность (к наст. моменту есть результат д-я.) | Процесс уже длящийся в течение некоторого периода времени в прошлом. | |||||
| Yesterday, last weak (year, summer), in 2002, two years ago, the other day, just now, used to + инфинитив. | At 5 o’clock, yesterday, when he came, still, while, just, as…as from…till. | By 8 o’clock yesterday (last Monday), before, after, by that moment, ever, already, hardly. | Yesterday for 2 hours, when he came, Since 2 o’clock yesterday. | ||||||
| + | S+ V2; Ved. E.g.: I wrote a letter yesterday. | + | S+to be(was/were)+Participle I (Ving). E.g.: I was writing when my mother came. | + | S+had+Participle II (V3, Ved). E.g. He had written a letter by that moment. | + | S+had+been+Ving.Е.g.: Hehad been writinga letter since 2 o’clock yesterday | ||
| - | S+didn’t + V1. He didn’t write a letter last week. | - | S+wasn’t/weren’t +Ving. E.g.: He wasn’t still writing a letter. | - | S+hadn’t + V3, V ed. E.g. I hadn’t writtena letter by 8o’clock yesterday. | - | S+hadn’t+been+Ving. E.g.:I hadn’t been writing a letter yesterday for 2 hours. | ||
| ? | Did +S+V1? Did he write a letter last week? ?кS? Who wrote a letter last week? | ? | Was/were+S+Ving? E.g.: Was I writing when he came? ? к S? Who was writing a letter when he come? | ? | Had+S+ V3, V ed? E.g.: Had he writtena letter before she came??кS? Who had written a letter by 8 o’clock? | ? | Had+S+been+Ving.E.g.:Had he been writing a letter yesterday for 2 hours??кS?E.g.: Who had been writing a letter yesterday for 2 hours? | ||
| (На)писал вчера, на прошлой неделе, (в прошлом году, летом в 2002, два года назад, на днях, только что, раньше(когда- то,бывало) | Писал в 5 часов вчера, когда он пришел, всё еще, в то самое время, с…до, всегда, постоянно(для выражения привычки). | Написал (было написано) к 8 часам вчера(в прошлый понедельник), до того, после того как, к тому моменту, когда-нибудь, уже, едва. | Писал вчера в течение 2 часов, когда он пришел, с 2 часов вечера. | ||||||
| F U T U R E | Констатация факта, последовательные, регулярные действия в будущем. | Процесс(в определенный момент) в будущем. | Завершенность.(до указанного момента в будущем.) | Процесс длящийся в течение некоторого времени в будущем. | |||||
| Tomorrow, next week, in a year(two days), the day after tomorrow, one of these days. | At 5 o’clock tomorrow, when you come, from…till, Still. | By that time tomorrow(the end of the year), when you come, before(after), at, by then. | Since 2 o’clock tomorrow(next week), when he comes, for 2 hours already. | ||||||
| + | S+shall/will+V1.E.g.: I shall write a letter in two days. | + | S+shall/will+be+Participle I (Ving) Eg:I shall be writing a letter at 3 o’clock tomorrow | + | S+shall/will+have+Participle II (V3, Ved). E.g.:He will have written a latter by 3 o’clock tomorrow. | + | S+shall/will+have+been+Ving. E.g.: He will have been writing a letter when she comes. | ||
| - | S+shan’t/won’t+V1. E.g.: He won’t write a letter tomorrow. | - | S+shan’t/won’t+be+Ving.E.g.: I shan’t be writing a letter when he comes. | - | S+shan’t/won’t+have+ V3, V ed. E.g.: He won’t have written a letter by the end of the day. | - | S+shan’t/won’t+have+been+Ving. E.g.: He won’t have been writing a letter when she comes. | ||
| ? | Shall/will+S+V1? E.g.: Will he write a letter tomorrow? ?кS? Who will write a letter tomorrow? | ? | Shall/will+S+be+Ving.E.g.: Shall I be writing a letter when he comes? ? кS?Who will be writing a letter when he comes. | ? | Shall/will+S+have+ V3, V ed? Will he have written a letter by the end of the day?? кS? Who will have written a letter by the end of the day? | ? | Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving?E.g.: Will he have been writing a letter since 2o’clock tomorrow? ?к SWho will have been writing a letter when she comes? | ||
| Напишу(будy писать) завтра, на следующей неделе, через год (два дня), послезавтра, на днях, скоро(soon). | Буду писать в 5 часов завтра, когда ты придешь, в это время, с…до, всё ещё. | Напишeт(будет написано) к тому времени завтра,(к концу года), когда ты придешь, до(после) того, в, к тому времени. | Будет писать с 2 часов завтра(на следующей неделе), когда он придет, в течение 2 часов. | ||||||