Контрольная работа № 2
ВАРИАНТ 1
Текст
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROBLEMS
Today our planet is in serious danger. Modern industry damages the Earth. There are many environmental problems: acid rain; water shortage; destruction of the ozone layer of the Earth; damage of water and soils; damage to wildlife: numerous species of animals and plants can disappear. At last, the most serious danger arising from damaging the environment is the result of the abovementioned consequences. These are the consequences of the development of civilization.
Air pollution affects our body. The pollutants that harm our respiratory system are known as particulates1.
Factories emit tons of harmful chemicals. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.
Our forests are disappearing because they are cut down or burnt. If this trend continues, one day we won't have enough oxygen to breathe, we won't see a beautiful green forest at all.
The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in our seas.
Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out forever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today may soon become extinct.
And even greater threats are nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are.
1 твёрдые частицы в отработавших, выхлопных газах
Раздел 1. Чтение
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно.
ПРОБЛЕМЫЗАЩИТЫОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ
Сегодня наша планета находится в серьезной опасности. Современная промышленность наносит вреде Земле. Существует много экологических проблем: кислотный дождь, нехватка воды, разрушение озонового слоя Земли, нанесение ущерба водным ресурсам и почве, ущерб дикой природе, многочисленные виды животных и растений могут исчезнуть. В конце концов, самой серьезной опасностью, возникающей из нанесения ущерба окружающей среде, является результат вышеупомянутых последствий. Это последствия развития цивилизации.
Загрязнение воздуха влияет на наше тело. Загрязняющие вещества, которые наносят вред нашей дыхательной системе, известны как твердые частицы в выхлопных газах.
Фабрики выбрасывают тонны вредных химических веществ. Эти выбросы обладают катастрофическими последствиями для нашей планеты. Они являются главной причиной парникового эффекта и кислотных дождей.
Наши леса исчезают, потому что они вырубаются или сжигаются. Если эта тенденция будет продолжаться, у нас не окажется достаточно кислорода для дыхания, мы вообще не увидим красивых зеленых лесов.
Моря в опасности. Они полны яда: промышленными и ядерными отходами, химическими удобрениями и пестицидами. Если ничего с этим не делать, однажды в наших морях никто не сможет жить.
Каждые десять минут один вид животных, растений или насекомых вымирает навсегда. Если ничего с этим не сделать, миллион видов, которые сейчас живы могут вскоре стать вымершими.
А еще большую угрозу представляют ядерные электростанции. Мы все знаем, как трагичны последствия Чернобыльской катастрофы.
Задание 2. Найдите эквиваленты для данных слов.
| 1. danger 2. industry 3. acid rain 4. consequence 5. pollution 6. harmful 7. poison 8. layer 9. nuclear 10. ozone | a. промышленность b. загрязнение c. вредоносный d. опасность e. последствие f. кислотный дождь g. ядерный h. озон i. яд j. слой |
1-d; 2-a; 3-f; 4-e; 5-b; 6-c; 7-i; 8-j; 9-g; 10-h
Задание 3. Заполните пропуски подходящими словами.
| problems, pollution, kind, industry, disappearing |
1. Air pollution affects our body.
2. Modern industry damages the Earth.
3. Every ten minutes one … kind of animal, plant or insect dies out forever.
4. There are many environmental problems.
5. Our forests are disappearing because they are cut down or burnt.
Задание 4. Заполните пропуски словами из второй колонки, преобразовав их лексически и грамматически.
| ПРИМЕР: Factories emit tons of harmful chemicals. | harm |
| 1) These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. | emit |
| 2) And even greater threats are nuclear power stations. | threatening |
| 3) Air pollution affects our body. | pollute |
| 4) These are the consequences of the development of civilization. | develop |
| 5) Modern industry damages the Earth. | industrial |
Задание 5. Составьте к тексту пять вопросов разных типов.
1. Does modern industry damage the Earth?
2. What affects our body?
3. What do factories emit?
4. The seas are in danger or in safety?
5. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are, don’t we?
Раздел 2. Грамматика
Задание 1. Перепишите предложения, раскрывая скобки, ставя глаголы в нужную временную форму Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. The steam engine appeared in 1763.
2. I didn’t go out last night because it was raining.
3. Mendeleev created his Periodic Table in 1871.
4. They came in when I was having dinner with my friend.
5. Ecological problems appeared in the XX century.
Задание 2. Вставьте необходимые предлоги.
1. Modern industry damages the Earth.
2. The seas are in danger.
3. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today may soon become extinct.
4. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are.
5. The seas are filled with poison.
Задание 3. Выпишите из текста 10 прилагательных и дайте формы их сравнительной и превосходной степеней.
Пример: serious – more serious – the most serious
good – better – the best
modern – more modern – the most modern
many – more – the most
numerous – more numerous – the most numerous
serious – more serious – the most serious
harmful – more harmful – the most harmful
disastrous – more disastrous – the most disastrous
beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful
extinct – more extinct – the most extinct
great – greater – the greatest
tragic – more tragic – the most tragic
Раздел 3. Устная речь
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы (на английском языке).
1) What are the environmental problems?
There are many environmental problems: acid rain; water shortage; destruction of the ozone layer of the Earth; damage of water and soils; damage to wildlife: numerous species of animals and plants can disappear.
2) What is the cause of the environmental problems?
The cause of the environmental problems is the development of civilization.
3) Why are the seas in danger?
The seas are in danger because they are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
4) Why are the forests in danger?
Our forests are disappearing because they are cut down or burnt.
5) What do factories emissions cause?
Factories emissions are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.
Задание 2. Подготовьте сообщение на тему “How can we save our planet?” (15-20 предложений).
“How can we save our planet?”
Environmental protection is the main problem facing humanity nowadays. People begin to realize that environmental problems are not somebody else’s.
There are several measures we may implement. First of all, we should not throw any garbage and all countries must work the system of recycling garbage out. If we all get used to sorting it, we will simplify the process of recycling.
In addition, we may use modern technologies to invent a new kind of petrol to substitute oil with it. We can also try to use cars less and walk or ride a bicycle to move around the city.
To my mind, we should also look for the alternative energy sources. These could be wind, water and solar energy. In the whole world, scientists are making efforts and looking for ways to use all the resources properly.
In order to save animals, we must protect them better from poachers: build national parks, organize special groups and funds which will take care of animals and find investors to supply our wild neighbours with food. We should also breed animals not to let any species disappear.
Moreover, more trees, bushes, flowers must be planted. They clean the air and serve as a home for many animals, birds, and insects.
Summing up, we have the power to make the Earth a better place to live and we must use this power to prevent the damage we inflict by our modern activities.