Phonetic charging (Фонетическая зарядка)
Read and translate the text, make a list of Hobbies by text (Прочитать и перевести текст, сделать список хобби по тексту)
3) To answer questions (Ответить на вопросы)
I. Phonetic charging (Фонетическая зарядка)
We work on Monday,
We read on Tuesday,
We write on Wednesday,
We count on Thursday,
We speak on Friday
And we play on Saturday.
II. Read and translate the text, make a list of Hobbies by text (Прочитать и перевести текст, сделать список хобби по тексту)
Electric car
1. Electric cars are more efficient than cars with petrol engine. gasoline. The electric car will transform to mechanical about 60% of electric energy. At the same time the car on petrol uses fuel with efficiency in 17-20%.
2. They have no tail pipe emissions, so they are ecologically-friendly.
3. Still you can’t make long trips on several hundreds of kilometers on this type of car, electric cars are made generally for moving in the city.
4. Time of a total charge of the modern electric car is near 60 minutes, but usually it is necessary to charge the vehicle till some hours. Even fast and incomplete recharge requires at least 30 minutes. What should driver do during this time?
5. Electric cars cost very much. The prices of model of economy class begin from 20 or 30 thousand dollars. Tesla Model S will cost the buyer already 100 thousand.
6. In the USA you can buy an electric car with the program of leasing(лизинг) and long-term lease(аренда), but the price remains quite high. The cheapest offers begin from 200 dollars a month without taxes and additional collecting. The same Model S in 2013 could be taken in leasing for 500 dollars a month. It was necessary to bring 10% from a total cost of the car.
7. In June, 2014 Elon Musk, the head of Tesla Motors, said that any company which is engaged in development of production of own electric cars can use the technological Tesla patents. Sales of electric cars make only 1% from all sales of the automobile industry, and the situation can be changed with mass distribution of technologies.
8. High fuel price pushed people to buy electric cars. In the same way low cost of oil will increase again popularity of big SUVs. Especially it will be noticeable in the USA where the large, spending a lot of gasoline cars are more popularly than usual city models.
9. Some countries cancel taxes for those who use electric cars.
10. Battery can be discharged at low temperatures.
11. The design of electric cars doesn't provide their use in difficult conditions, such as transportation or cleaning of snow.
12. It is difficult to repair electric cars due to the lack of spare parts and qualified mechanics.
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
1. Hybrid cars are more economic, it uses less fuel, than traditional cars for 20-25%.
2. Hybrid cars do less harm to Earth ecology. Reduction of emissions happens due to more rational fuel consumption or a full stop of consumption with the use of electric engine.
3. Hybrid cars are difficult to repair and require the help of the professional.
4. The hybrid car can go for long distance without petrol station, it has bigger range of run.
5. Hybrid has all necessary basic characteristics of traditional cars: power, good acceleration etc.
6. There is a problem of battery utilization. Their influence on environment is still unstudied.
7. Lithium-ion batteries of the hybrid engine are better than the same batteries at the electric car. They can be recharged from the petrol engine and have less weight.
8. The most part of time in the city hybrid works as the electric car.
9. Hybrid cars have a possibility of the movement only on electric motors.
10. The motor of hybrid cars works silently if the car stands still.
11. Rechargeable batteries of hybrids have limited service life and cannot maintain big difference of temperatures.
12. Because of complexity of the device of the engine purchase of hybrid cars and their repair costs dearer, than acquisition and repair of the car with the classical engine.
13. President of the Lamborghini company Stefan Vinkelman say that he doesn’t want to make hybrids on models of the company. The hybrid supercar is, first of all, a compromise between the cost and weight. It is too expensive (and it is inaccessible to mass consumer), or it is cheap – but it means that in a design of the car heavy batteries are used, and it is impossible to consider it as the supercar.
14. In some countries there is the system of tax benefits for owners of hybrid cars. In the USA there is a number of tax benefits for owners of such cars, and even free parking spaces. In our country are also going to enter similar laws. In particular, reduction of duties on import of hybrid cars.
III. To answer questions (Ответить на вопросы)
Electric
1. Will wide network of charging stations help to go for a long distance?
2. Can the program of leasing/rent help buyers of electric cars?
3. Will this solution of the head of Tesla Motors Elon Musk bring the profit to the company? What about the possibility of distribution of electric cars in the market?
4. How do sales of electric cars depend on price of oil?
Hybrid
1. If hybrid also has tail pipe emissions, why not to try petrol car?
2. Diesel also provides good fuel economy. Is there any benefit in having hybrid car?
3. Compare the minuses of the electric car and the hybrid one. Are they similar?
4. Why many car manufactories avoid producing hybrid vehicles?
| Процент результативности (правильных ответов) | Качественная оценка индивидуальных образовательных достижений | |
| балл (отметка) | вербальный аналог | |
| 90 - 100 | отлично | |
| 80 - 89 | хорошо | |
| 70 -79 | удовлетворительно | |
| менее 70 | не оценивается |