The basic directions of development domestic rocket means of injection




И. Н. Кубышко, М.А. Гросс

 

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

ПО ОБУЧЕНИЮ УСТНЫМ РАЗГОВОРНЫМ ТЕМАМ

СТУДЕНТОВ 2 КУРСА СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ АВИА- И РАКЕТОСТРОЕНИЕ ФТНГ

 

«Моя специальность»

 

 

Омск

Издательство ОмГТУ


УДК 622.691.4(075)

ББК 39.76я73

К 88

 

Рецензент:

 

О.А. Кузина, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры русского и иностранных языков Ом ГУПС;

 

И. Н. Кубышко, М.А. Гросс

К 88: «Моя специальность» методическое указание/ И. Н. Кубышко, М.А. Гросс – Омск: Изд-во ОмГТУ, 2010.– 32 с.

 

Данное методическое указание включают в себя оригинальные тексты по специальности, содержащие ценный фактический материал для обсуждения, лексические задания и задания, направленные на понимание прочитанного. Данное методическое указание предназначено для студентов II курса специальностей АК, АД, ДП, РК, РН, РД факультета ТНГ – «Транспорта, нефти и газа».

В основу текстового материала учебного пособия положены оригинальные источники из современной периодики по авиа-и-ракетостроению.

Печатается по решению редакционного-издательского совета Омского государственного технического университета.

 

УДК 622.691.4(075)

ББК 39.76я73

 

© Омский государственный

технический университет, 2010

 

 

UNIT I

Text

Space exploration

Space has been the new frontier of the 20th century. Satellite exploration has resolved mysteries that were impenetrable from the ground, opened up new questions and demonstrated techniques for pursuing the answers. Our understanding of the solar system and the working of the sun has improved to the point where researchers can begin to model the impact of the solar environment on the Earth’s environment.

Satellite data are contributing, in parallel, to unraveling the complex systems that govern the Earth’s own climate and planned new activity will address major remaining gaps in our knowledge. These advances hold out the prospect of achieving a fuller understanding of how our planet functions in its total environment and of being able to make more informed decisions about the requirements for enhancing quality of life and sustainable development.

The opening up of space has created a whole new branch of the communications industry which is making its own growing contribution to the information revolution. Mobile telephone and satellite broadcasting are now being supplemented by new systems providing high-speed, large-scale data links which effect is to extend and to improve the range of services already reaching a rapidly expanding market through the Internet.

Satellite navigation has developed to the point where the control and guidance systems it offers for aviation and other forms of transport are about to become tomorrow’s standard. New initiatives designed to achieve a fully operational European capability hold out major commercial opportunity and the eventual prospect of wide international collaboration.

Space-based observations have moved beyond their established use in meteorology and are serving growing markets in monitoring and planning activity on the ground. The customers include governments, agencies and sectors such as agriculture, constructions and hydrocarbons. As operational users, they will demand commercially available data at a cost which reflects the benefits.

The space sector is now out of the pioneer era and is being driven by its growing commercial markets. Today’s challenges are winning that business, providing affordable services to scientific researches and adapting the institutional structure of government support to promote maximum success.

Topical vocabulary


frontier - граница

satellite - спутник

resolve – принимать решение

mystery - таинство

impenetrable - недоступный

pursue - искать

solar - солнечный

environment – окружающая среда

unravel - открывать

enhance -увеличивать

sustain - поддерживать

broadcasting - транслирование

high-speed - высокоскоростной

large-scale - крупномасштабный

extend - простираться

expand - увеличиваться

guidance - наведение

capability - способность

hold out - предлагать

eventual - окончательный

collaboration - сотрудничество

benefit – польза


Comprehension task

I. Read the word combinations and translate them into Russian

Satellite exploration, to resolve mysteries, to demonstrate techniques, to pursue the answer, solar system, solar environment, Earth’s environment, satellite date, Earth’s climate, gaps in knowledge, enhancing quality, sustainable development, growing contribution, information revolution, high-speed, large-scale data links, the range of services, rapidly expanding market, satellite navigation, control and guidance systems, tomorrow’s standard, major commercial opportunity, the eventual prospect, wide international collaboration, space-based observations, pioneer era, today’s challenges.

II. Make up the word combinations

1. space a. prospect

2. solar b. development

3. sustainable c. structure

4. communication d. telephone

5. information e. services

6. mobile f. industry

7. satellite g. exploration

8. commercial h. opportunity

9. eventual i. system

10. international j. revolution

11. affordable k. broadcasting

12. scientific l. collaboration

13. institutional m. researchers

III. Fill in the missing words (space, frontier, navigation, pioneer, exploration)

1. Space has been a new … of the 20th century.

2. Space … has resolved the mysteries impenetrable from the ground.

3. The opening up of … has created a whole new branch of the communications industry.

4. Satellite … has developed to the point where the control and guidance systems are about to become tomorrow’s standard.

5. The space sector is now out of the … era and is being driven by its growing commercial markets.

IV. Find synonyms in the list of words

Frontier, exploration, enhance, challenge, possible, boarder, perfect, enlarge, problem, date, unravel, offer, discover, chance, improve, research, opportunity, affordable, information, hold out.

V. Find antonyms in the list of words

Impenetrable, initial, unravel, harm, large-scale, failure, occasional, penetrable, high-speed, close, low-speed, small-scale, exclude, eventual, benefit, success, include, planned.

VI. Agree or disagree with the following statements

1. Satellite exploration has resolved mysteries impenetrable from the ground.

2. Satellite data don’t make any contribution to unraveling the complex systems governing the Earth’s own climate.

3. The opening up of space has created a whole new branch of the communications industry.

4. Space-based observations haven’t moved beyond their established use in meteorology.

5. The space sector is now out of the pioneer era.

VII. Match the questions with the answers

1. Has space been the new frontier of the 20th century?

2. Are satellite data contributing, in parallel, to unraveling the complex systems that govern the Earth’s own climate?

3. Do the advances hold out the prospect of achieving a fuller understanding of how our planet functions in its total environment?

4. Are mobile telephone and satellite broadcasting now being supplemented by systems providing low-speed, small-scale data links?

5. Have space-based observations moved beyond their established use in meteorology?

a) Yes, they are.

b) Yes, it has.

c) Yes, they have.

d) Yes, they do.

e) No, they aren’t.

VIII. Answer the questions

1. What has been the new frontier of the 20th century?

2. What has satellite exploration resolved?

3. What has the opening up of space created?

4. How has satellite navigation developed?

5. How important is the space sector now?

IX. Render the text

UNIT II

Text

The basic directions of development domestic rocket means of injection

Russia by the right can be proud of many samples of space-rocket techniques, first of all launch rockets, which on many parameters surpass the foreign analogues.

Greatly it was promoted by well thought over system approach to formation of park of national means of injection and the choice of directions of their development. Certainly, under the influence of some various factors, first of all political, it did not exclude duplication and sometimes large failures. But the history of all branches of science and techniques contains a lot of dramatic and even tragical events, and astronautics with its complexity is not exception. One is indisputable - today to create, to make and to maintain the LV of any classes and types are able only two countries of the world - Russia and the USA.

Let's notice, that the list of possible means of injection of space vehicles is not limited by aerospace planes rockets. In our country there are works on reusable space systems, aerospace planes and other nonconventional means. However they are far from reality now. Today only LV is a unique real way of space vehicle launch rockets.

The major factors defining the basic directions of development of domestic LV were the needs for defense, a national economy and a science. Long time they were complicated by political opposition of two world systems imposed the most rigid time restrictions on all kinds of work. And though today the acuteness of this opposition is appreciably removed, and space activity has got features of mutually advantageous international cooperation, the factor of competitiveness has remained. Today it has moved in economic region demanding from Russia not easing, and, on the contrary, activation of efforts on improvement of the LV. It is necessary for giving them greater competitive ability in the world market of commercial launchings of space vehicle which by present time has been already generated.

Historical development of LV in our country, as well as in the majority of the countries of the world, went in two basic ways.

The first way is the way of the reasonable adaptation of strategic ballistic missiles to space needs has allowed quickly and at the limited expenses to create the basis of today's park of national means of injection. This way has good prospects of commercial development of LV in future.

The second way is the way of creation cleanly "space" of LV is more expensive, long and complex. It has predetermined the limited number of similar LV and was, in particular, one of the reasons of some large failures.

On each way of development LV had several directions having the beginning (year of launchings of the first LV), a material embodiment (created or reached up to a stage of full-scale breadboard models variants of LV) and prospects of development.

Topical vocabulary


space-rocket techniques – ракетно-космическая техника

launch rocket - ракетоноситель

surpass - превосходить

to promote - способствовать

to think over - обдумывать

approach - подход

injection - вывод

failure – отказ, ошибка

astronautics - астронавтика

indisputable -неоспоримый

reusable space system – космическая система многократного использования

aerospace plane –аэрокосмической самолет

to impose - устанавливать

rigid – суровый

acuteness - острота

appreciably - значительно

to generate - вырабатывать

ballistic missile – баллистическая ракета

expense - затрата

embodiment - воплощение

breadboard – макет


Comprehension exercises

I. Read the word combinations and translate them into Russian

Space-rocket techniques, launch rockets, foreign analogues, system approach, means of injection, to exclude duplication, large failures,space vehicles, aerospace planes rockets, nonconventional means, development of domestic LV, needs for defense, time restrictions, international cooperation, the factor of competitiveness, activation of efforts, competitive ability, commercial launchings of space vehicle, historical development of LV, reasonable adaptation, strategic ballistic missiles, limited expenses, a material embodiment, full-scale breadboard models variants of LV, prospects of development.

II. Make up the word combinations

1. launch a. approach

2. national b. analogues

3. system c. rockets

4. foreign d. means

5. exclude e. event

6. large f. duplication

7. tragical g. failure

8. space h. directions

9. aerospace i. rockets

10. launch j. plane

11. basic k. vehicle

12. international l. adaptation

13. reasonable m. cooperation

III. Fill in the missing words (parameters, prospects, branches, samples, development)

1. Russia can be proud of many … of space-rocket techniques.

2. Many … of Russian launch rockets surpass the foreign analogues.

3. The history of all … of science and techniques contains a lot of dramatic and even tragical events.

4. Historical … of LV in our country went in two basic ways.

5. This way has good … of commercial development of LV in future.

IV. Find synonyms in the list of words

Sample, rocket, defense, difficulty, technique, various, missile, particular, protection, perfect, different, complexity, version, equipment, improve, perspective, way, special, direction, prospect, example, variant.

V. Find antonyms in the list of words

Foreign, injection, exclude, failure, indisputable, to create, advantageous, expensive, long, complex, domestic, simple, ejection, short, include, cheap, success, disadvantageous, disputable, to ruin.

VI. Agree or disagree with the following statements

1. Under the influence of political factors duplication and sometimes large failures were not excluded.

2. The history of astronautics contains a lot of dramatic events.

3. Today only space plane is a unique real way of space vehicle launch rockets.

4. The major factors defining the basic directions of development of domestic LV were the needs for space tourism.

5. On each way of development LV had several directions having the beginning, a material embodiment and prospects of development.

 

VII. Match the questions with the answers

1. Can Russia be proud of many samples of space-rocket techniques?

2. Does the history of all branches of science and techniques contain dramatic and even tragical events?

3. Is the list of possible means of injection of space vehicles limited by aerospace planes rockets?

4. Were the major factors defining the basic directions of development of domestic LV the needs for defense, a national economy and a science?

5. Are there works on reusable space systems, aerospace planes and other nonconventional means in our country?

a. Yes, there are.

b. Yes, it can.

c. Yes, they were.

d. Yes, it does.

e. No, it isn’t.

VIII. Answer the questions

1. What can Russia be proud of?

2. What countries can create, make and maintain the LV of any classes and types?

3. What is a unique real way of space vehicle launch rockets today?

4. What are the major factors defining the basic directions of development of domestic LV?

5. How many ways did historical development of LV in our country go?

IX. Render the text

UNIT III

Text



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