Вариант 1.
1. One must take part in this work.
2. Specialists consider that in future city transport will reject gasoline.
3. It's proved that light needs time to travel any distance.
Вариант 2.
1. It is necessary to find new sources of cheap energy.
2. This metro station was opened last year, and that one will be put into operation in two years.
3. He told me about the construction of the factory, that of the Palace of Culture and numerous blocks of flats.
Вариант 3.
1. The rivers of England are not so long as those of Russia.
2. One must always try to do one's best.
3. It's the energy of falling water that is used to drive turbines.
Задание № 7.
Переведите тексты на русский язык. Один из текстов переведите письменно, два остальных текста - устно.
Вариант 1.
GREAT BRITAIN
AN OUTLINE OF GEOGRAPHY AND NATURE
The British Isles lying to the north-west of Europe include two large islands - Great Britain and Ireland and some five thousand small islands.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) consists of the
Island of Great Britain and the northern part of the Ireland (the southern part of which is the Republic of Eire) and a number of small islands especially to the west of Scotland. The country is usually called simply Great Britain.
The island of Great Britain is divided into three parts - England, Wales and Scotland. England and Wales from the southern part of the island and Scotland occupies its northern part.
From the west British isles are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, from the east by the stormy North Sea and the southern coast is washed by the English Channel. The Irish Sea lies between England and Ireland.
Looking at the map one can see that Great Britain is separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel, the narrowest part of which is called the Strait-of-Dover. The south-eastern part of England is quite close to the continent, the Strait-of-Dover is in its narrowest part being only 22 miles wide.
Being comparatively small Britain is known for a variety of scenery found on such a small area. One can find here a low lying land and hilly areas, flat fields as well as lofty mountains. The surface of Eastern England is flat. Scotland and Wales are hilly and mountainous. The mountains are not very high as compared with those of the world, the loftiest one - Ben Nevis (Scotland) being only 4400 feet (134Э m) in height.
In the West we can see the Cambrian Mountains occupying the greater part of Wales; in the north - the Cheviot Hills separating England from Scotland, the Pennines -to the south of the Cheviot Hills and Cumbrian Mountains famous for the number and beauty of their lakes. There are sixteen lakes here, the largest being Windermere. This part of the country, called Lake District is the most beautiful and the wettest part of Great Britain.
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There are many rivers in Great Britain, but none of them is very long as compared wim the greatest rivers of the world and very few of them are navigable except near the mouth for anything but smaller vessels.
The principal rivers are the Severn, the Thames and the Trent. The Severn is the longest river in Britain but the Thames is the most important one. The Severn is 210 miles in length, the Thames is a little over 200 miles.
The seas surrounding the British Isles are shallow - usually less than 300 feet deep. It's too the home of plenty offish, a million tons of which are caught every year. Perhaps you have also noticed that the coast line being irregular contains numerous harbours serving as convenient ports, among which are London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Portsmouth and others. No part of the country is more than 70 miles from the sea.
Вариант 2.
LONDON
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It's an ancient city. It's more than 20 centuries old. The population of London including suburbs is about eleven million people.
London is one of the biggest cities in the world and the largest city of Europe. It's situated on the banks of the river Thames, not far from the mouth. Due to its geographical situation London has developed into an important sea port.
London stretches for nearly 30 miles from north to south and about 30 miles from east to west. The river Thames divides the city into two large parts - the West End and the East End. London consists of four important sections: the West End, the East End, the City, and Westminster.
The City is a small part of London - only one square mile in area - but it's the financial and business centre of the country. There are a lot of banks and various offices here. It is the ancient part of London. Most of the streets are narrow here and the traffic is slow.
One of he greatest English churches - St. Paul's Cathedral - is here. It was designed and built by an outstanding English architect Christopher Wren in 1710. Inside the Cathedral we find the monuments erected to many generals and admirals. Nelson is also buried here.
Not far away is Westminster - the administrative centre of London. The Houses of Parliament are situated here. It is the seat of the British Government. The building is very beautiful with its two towers and a big clock called Big Ben.
Westminster Abbey where kings and queens are crowned is opposite the House of Parliament. This ancient building was founded in the eleventh century, though it was destroyed and rebuilt several times. Many famous people are buried here, among them Newton, Darwin, Dickens and Kipling.
The West End is the part of London where the rich people live. Fine houses, wide streets, numerous parks are to be found in this part of the capital.
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The best cinemas, theatres, concert halls, famous shops, comfortable hotels, restaurants, large museums are situated here. The most beautiful London park, Hyde Park, is in the district too.
The East End is the poorest part of London. It includes the Port, the docks stretching for miles and the great industrial areas, which depend on shipping. The East End is unattractive in appearance but it's very important in the country's commerce.
London is famous for its outstanding places of interest. There are many architectural, art and historic monuments in London such as the British Museum, the Tower of London, the National Gallery, Buckingham Palace, the Nelson Column and many others. Thousands of tourists from all parts of the world come to London to admire its art treasures.
Вариант 3.
TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS OF BRITAIN
Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Britain traditions play more important part in the life of the people than in other countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. Foreigners coming to England are struck at once by quite a number of customs and peculiarities in English life. Some ceremonies are rather formal, such as the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace, Trooping the Colour, the State Opening of Parliament. Sometimes you'll see a group of cavalrymen riding on black horses through the streets of London. They wear red uniforms, shining helmets, long black boots and long white gloves. These men are Life Guards. Their special duty is to guard the King or the Queen of Great Britain and very important guests of the country.
The six ravens have been kept in the Tower of London now for centuries. They used to come in from Essex when the Tower was used as a palace. Over the years peoplethought that if the ravens ever left the Tower, the Monarchy would fall. So Charles П decreed that six ravens should always be kept in the Tower and should be paid a wage from the treasury. Sometimes they live as long as 25 years but their wings are clipped so they couldn't fly away, and when a raven dies, another raven is brought from Essex.
The word «club» is used in many languages. A club is usually connected with some sport or with social activities. But in London it sometimes has a peculiar English meaning. When you hear a man talking about «my» club, you can be sure he means one of the West Hnd clubs of which he is a member. Most of them are located in the same small area which is known as St. James.
Most of clubs are old. The oldest one was open in 1693 and was a coffee-house. At the end of the 17th century and in the first half of the 18th century, coffee-houses were visited by people as places of social meetings and they were in Vienna and other European capitals. Coffee-houses were used as places for gambling. This early type of club was usually started by one man as money-making venture. The names of these club-owners are known today - White's, Boodle's, Brook's, etc. In the 19th century the one man club owners gradually disappeared and were replaced by a new type where members themselves ran and financed their clubs. The development of the social club was seen in the 19th century. The new clubs were managed by committees of members, and members of all clubs had to be elected. All the clubs are very proud of their history and traditions. Membership is selected carefully.