For this type of building, frame structures are mainly used.
In frame constructions, separate foundations, columns, girders and trusses are used.
Below is the following example - "Exhibition Pavilion for the sale of cars." The building has the following dimensions: 18 mx 60 m.
First, draw a grid of columns of 6m x 6 m. The width of the building will accommodate
4 columns 10 columns long. Denote the vertical axes A and B, the horizontal axes 1 - 12. The columns are metal square or round in cross section. The height of the columns for a public building 7.2 m
Here trusses are used - length 18 m, height 0.9 m. Overlap warmed metal plates. Crossbars 6 m long are placed along the perimeter of the building.
The protecting walls are high-strength insulated glass. The building has gates for cars and double doors for visitors. The building has an administration room, a resting place, toilets, etc.
In the middle of the building, between the columns are placed the diaphragm stiffness.
Attached are sketches of plans and facades.
MAIN PROVISIONS OF FLOOR DESIGN
- The design of the floors of public buildings should be carried out taking into account their operational effects, special requirements (sparklessness, anti-static, dustless, heat absorption, sound insulation) and the climatic conditions of the construction site.
- Floors performed on floors, upon presentation of the requirements for noise protection to the latter, should provide for the regulatory parameters of sound insulation of floors in accordance with the instructions of the SNiP.
- Floors of industrial, residential, public, administrative and household buildings with a standardized indicator of thermal absorption of the floor surface should be designed taking into account the requirements of the building regulations.
The slopes of the trays and channels, depending on the materials used, should be taken accordingly not less than the specified.
The direction of the slopes should ensure the discharge of sewage into trays, canals and ladders, without crossing the passages and passages.
- In order to avoid the formation of cracks in the concrete in the layer in the floors on the ground, their slope should be created by appropriate planning of the soil foundation.
- The level of the floor in the toilet and bathrooms should be 15-20 mm below the floor in adjacent rooms or the room should be separated by a threshold.
-. Heated floors should be provided on the ground floor in group rooms of all types of pre-school institutions, as well as in sleeping and dressing rooms in institutions for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The average temperature on the floor surface should be maintained within + 23 ° C.
- Heated floors are an addition to the main heating and serve to create comfort.
on the entire thickness of the concrete underlayment.
MATERIALS FOR FINISHING FLOORS OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS
|
|
For the exterior of the building used a variety of materials. Here, again, everything will depend on the material possibilities and stylistic preferences.
Finishing siding is common due to its low price and ease of installation. For such a finish does not require additional alignment of the outer walls. On the contrary, siding hides cosmetic defects and makes the walls smooth and neat.
Natural or artificial stone gives the exterior of the house a noble look. Such material is good for those who prefer classic solutions and adheres to traditional views. The cost of natural and artificial stone is different at times, but the characteristics of them largely coincide.
Plaster is used mainly for finishing houses built of brick or gas blocks. This is the most common finish option to date. The plastered facade acquires additional resistance to temperature and humidity extremes. In addition, with the help of it all seams, cracks and irregularities are masked. And with the help of decorative plaster, you can create various patterns and decorative elements.
The variety of building materials on the market allows you to choose the best option that suits you. The main thing that is worth remembering is that you do not need to make a start only from the popularity or price of the material. In construction, it is important to take into account all the components: from the climate and the characteristics of the soil on which the house will stand, to the possible costs of additional insulation or finishing.