Read and translate the text. Match the questions below with each paragraph:
Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands: Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh Cardiff and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech Great Britain is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the UK is London.
The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest-east, center and south-east is - a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m).
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
The UK is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but doesn't rule. The elected government rules the country with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Conservative party is the ruling party nowadays.
Answer the questions:
1. The UK is an island state, isn't it? Where is it situated?
2. What countries is the UK made of? What are their capitals?
3. What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?
4. The surface of the British Isles varies very much, doesn't it?
5. What is the north of Scotland called? What is the south of Scotland called?
6. What's the highest mountain in Scotland?
7. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?
8. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild?
9. Is the UK a large country?
10. What's the UK's population?
Vocabulary:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain Соединенное Королевство Великобритании
and Northern Ireland и Северной Ирландии
the British Isles Британские острова
to be situated быть расположенным
to consist of состоять из
total area общая площадь
respectively соответственно
to include включать
at the head во главе
parliament парламент
chamber палата
to separate разделять
to wash омывать
surface поверхность
to vary менять(ся), разнообразить
mountainous гористый
valley долина
vast огромный
plain равнина
deep глубокий
to influence влиять
climate климат
mild мягкий, умеренный
the whole year round круглый год
population население
urban городской
highly developed высокоразвитый
textile текстиль
aircraft самолеты
navigation судоходство
equipment оборудование
chief главный, основной
shipbuilding кораблестроение
constitutional monarchy конституционная монархия
law закон
in law по закону
the head of the state глава государства
queen королева
in practice фактически, на практике
to reign царствовать
to rule править
to elect выбирать
government правительство
Prime Minister премьер-министр
Act out the dialogue:
- What kind of country is Great Britain?
- Great Britain is a capitalist country.
- What chambers does the British Parliament consist of?
- It consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
- Whom do the chambers consists of?
- The House of Lords has 850 members, composed of the lords. The House of Commons consists of 630 members, who are elected by ballot.
- What political parties are there in Great Britain?
- At present there are the following political parties in Great Britain: the Conservatives, the Labour Party, the Liberals and the Communist Party.
- Which party is in power now?
- At present the Labour is in power.
- Whose interest does the Labour Party serve?
- In reality the Labour party serves the interests of the English bourgeoisie. The only party that serves the interests of the English working people is the Communist Party headed by John Hollan.
Translate into English:
1. Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах, состоящих из двух больших и тысяч малых островов.
2. Население Великобритании в основном городское и составляет более 57 миллионов человек.
3. Соединенное Королевство состоит из четырех частей, в Великобританию входят Англия, Шотландия и Уэльс.
4. Британские острова омываются Атлантическим океаном, Ирландским морем, Северным морем и проливами Ла-Манш и Па-де-Кале.
5. Британские острова состоят из гористой части и низин.
6. Реки в Великобритании не очень длинные.
7. На климат Великобритании оказывает влияние Гольфстрим.
8. Великобритания производит и экспортирует станки, электронику, текстиль, суда.
9. Великобритания - конституционная монархия.
Topic 5: Shopping
Read and translate the text:
Shops
Tradesmen or shopkeepers generally deal only in certain goods. The grocer sells a variety of foodstuffs such as flour, butter, eggs, biscuits, jam and jellies, cheese, sugar, spice tinned and frozen foods. The greengrocer deals in fruit and vegetables. The florist sells flowers and plants, wreaths and bouquets. We go to a fishmonger for fish and if he is a poulterer as well we can buy poultry there - chickens, ducks, geese or turkeys. A milkshop is called a dairy. There we buy dairy produce - milk, butter, cheese, cream, sour cream and eggs. When we run out of bread, we go to the baker's and ask for a loaf of white or brown bread. A cake shop sells pastries and cakes of all kinds. The confectioner always does a good trade selling sweets - chocolates, toffees and other tempting things. That makes every child's mouth water.
A draper sells clothes. A tailor sells men's clothes, either ready-to-ware or made to measure. If a woman wants to buy ready-made clothes she goes to a dress shop or a department store. A dressmaker makes ladies' clothes in her own home.
The hatter sells men's hats, but the milliner sells hats for ladies. The hosier sells hosiery or knitted goods like stockings, socks or underclothes, a man's outfitter sells everything a man needs in the way of clothes.
Those who need paper, pens, rubbers, ink, rulers, notebooks, exercise books and bloating-paper can get them at the stationer's. The bookseller sells books and magazines. The watchmaker repairs and sells clocks and watches.
The jeweler sells jewelry and also things of gold and silver, ornaments.
The china-shop has a large stock of china porcelain and earthenware. The ironmonger supplies everything made of iron (hard-ware) from nails to gardening - tools. The furniture-shop sells furniture either for cash, or on hire purchase. A chemist although a qualified pharmacist, sells many things besides medicines - perfume, toilet articles such as soap, toothpaste, spongers, tooth brushes and even cameras and films.
What a long list of shops we can make! In spite of this many large stores called department stores, sell all the goods we have mentioned under one roof.
Answer the questions:
1. Who does the shopping in your family?
2. How often do you go shopping?
3. Do you prefer to go shopping on weekdays or at the weekend?
4. Do you like to go to small shops or to big department stores and supermarkets?
5. Which do you think is the most convenient time for shopping?
6. Some people are fond of window-shopping. Can you say that you belong to such people?
7. What are advantages and disadvantages of big supermarkets?
8. Can you see a different between state-owned shops and private shops? Which ones do you prefer?
Vocabulary:
to buy (to purchase, to shop for) покупать
to sell продавать
to supply снабжать, поставлять
to deliver доставлять (товары)
to display выставлять (товары)
cheap дешевый
expensive (dear) дорогой
to cost стоить
price, at a price цена, по цене
discount, at a discount скидка, со скидкой
sale распродажа
cash-desk касса
salesman (shop assistant) продавец
saleswoman продавщица
customer (shopper) покупатель
consumer потребитель
shopping queue, line очередь
to do one's shopping делать покупки
to go shopping идти по магазинам
baker's / bakery булочная
flour мука
butter масло
egg яйцо
biscuit (сухое) печенье
cheese сыр
sugar сахар
spice специя, пряность
salt соль
tinned foods консервированные продукты
frozen foods замороженные продукты
plant растение
vegetable овощ
fruit фрукты
wreath венок
bouquet букет
poultry домашняя птица
game дичь
chicken цыпленок
duck утка
goose гусь
turkey индейка
butcher's мясной (магазин)
confectioner's кондитерский
dairy молочный
greengrocer's овощной
fishmonger's рыбный
sweet-shop сласти
shop-window (window display) витрина
department store универсальный магазин
counter прилавок
shop (store) магазин
booth ларек
stall (kiosk) киоск
to change разменять
change сдача
to pay платить
How much is it? Сколько стоит
What does it cost?
to wrap заворачивать (покупку)
fitting room примерочная
to try on примерять
to fit сидеть (о платье)
to suit, to become подходить, быть к лицу
to match, to go with сочетаться, гармонировать
style, design фасон
fashion, vogue мода
all the vogue крик моды
up-to date современный
stylish модный
bunch of flowers букет цветов
loaf of (bread) батон (хлеба)
draper's ткани (магазин)
tailor портной
hosiery трикотаж
stockings чулки
socks носки
underclothes нижнее белье
rubber ластик
ink чернила
rule линейка
notebook записная книжка
blotting-paper промокательная бумага
stationer's канцелярские товары
magazine журнал
clock часы (настенные)
watch часы (наручные)
jewellery ювелирные украшения
gold золото
silver серебро
ornament украшение
china-shop магазин посуды
porcelain фарфор
earthenware глиняная посуда
ironmonger торговец железными изделиями
nail гвоздь
gardening tools садовые принадлежности
furniture мебель
cash наличные деньги
on hire purchase в кредит, в рассрочку
perfume духи
toilet articles туалетные принадлежности
soap мыло
tooth paste зубная паста
sponge губка
tooth brush зубная щетка
camera фотоаппарат
film пленка (фото-, видео-)
that will do это годится, устраивает
to be out of stock кончиться, распродать
Act out the dialogues:
1.
- Can I help you?
- Yes, I'm looking for a sweater.
- We've got some sweaters over here. What color are you looking for?
- This blue one is nice.
- Yes, it is. Is it for yourself?
- Yes, it is. Can I try it on?
- Yes, go ahead.
- No, it's too small. It doesn't fit me. Have you got one in a bigger size?
- No, I'm afraid not. What about the red one?
- No, I don't like the color. Red doesn't suit me. OK, I'll leave it. Thank you.
- Goodbye.
2.
- Can I help you, sir?
- Yes, I'm looking for something for my wife. Have you got any perfume?
- Yes, sir. Try this. It's our new perfume for this season. It's called Reward.
- Can I try it? Mm. It's very good. How much is it?
- This bottle costs $37.
- Hm. Have you got it in a smaller bottle?
3.
- Excuse me.
- Yes, madam, can I help you?
- I'd like a box of chocolates for my friend.
- Yes, madam, 500 grams?
- How much is that?
- Ten dollars. These are particularly good chocolates.
- OK, I'll have them.
Translate into English in writing:
1. Мне нужно сделать сегодня кое-какие покупки.
2. Завтра мы идем покупать мне пальто.
3. Больше всего я люблю в этом универмаге отдел ювелирных изделий.
4. Когда открываются (закрываются) магазины в вашем городе?
5. Такие костюмы сейчас в моде.
6. По дороге домой зайди в гастроном и купи: немного сахара, банку вишневого варенья, бутылку томатного соуса и два батона хлеба.
7. Выбор продуктов в этом супермаркете очень широкий.
8. У меня мало времени на приготовление пищи, поэтому я часто покупаю замороженные продукты.
9. В нашем гастрономе всегда в продаже свежее мясо.
10. На рынке некоторые продукты можно купить по более низкой цене.
Read and translate the text:
My meals
It goes without saying that I prefer to have meals at home. At the weekend I like to get up late and have a good breakfast of scrambled eggs, or pancakes, or something like that. But on weekdays I'm always short of time in the morning. So I just have a cup of strong tea or coffee and a couple of sandwiches.
As I spend a lot of time at school (usually eight or nine hours) it's necessary to have a snack at midday just to keep me going. That's why I have to go to the school canteen to have lunch. Our school canteen leaves much to be desired. It has become a tradition with our canteen to serve chops and watery mashed potatoes every day with a glass of cocoa or stewed fruit.
But I enjoy my evening meal at home. My mother is a wonderful cook and her dinners are always delicious and various.
To begin with, we usually have some salad - tomato and cucumber salad or mixed salad (I like it very much). For the first course we have some soup - noodle, mushroom or cabbage soup, or maybe some fish soup for a change. For the main course we have meat, chicken or fish dishes, for example, steak or fried fish with spaghetti or potatoes (boiled or fried). We also have a lot of vegetables - green peas, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers. I prefer meat to fish but my mother makes me eat fish from time to time. She says it's good for my brains.
For dessert we have some fruit, fruit juice or a cup of tea with a slice of cake.
On Sundays we sometimes go to McDonald's. I like everything there: cheeseburgers, hamburgers and Big Macs, apple pies and fruit cocktails. But unfortunately we can't afford to go there very often, because it's rather expensive for a family and besides, they say it's not very healthy to eat at McDonald's.
Answer the questions:
1. How many meals a day do you usually have?
2. What do you usually have for breakfast?
3. Where do you have lunch (dinner)?
4. How many courses does your lunch (dinner) usually consist of?
5. What is your favourite dish?
6. What vegetables do you like?
7. What do you usually have for dessert?
8. How often do you eat out?
9. Can you cook?
10. Do you agree that the best cooks in the world are men?
Vocabulary:
food пища, съестные припасы
fresh свежий
diet диета
to be on a diet быть на диете
groats крупа
buck wheat гречневая крупа
rice рис
semolina манная крупа
corn кукуруза
corn flakes кукурузные хлопья
beef говядина
pork свинина
mutton (lamb) баранина
veal телятина
cutlet рубленая котлета
salami копченая колбаса
ham ветчина
cold pork буженина
herring селедка
salmon лосось, семга (амер. горбуша)
shrimp (prawn) креветка
cottage cheese творог
carrot морковь
cabbage капуста
onion лук
garlic чеснок
pepper перец
dills укроп
parsley петрушка
grapes виноград
pear груша
plum слива
cherry вишня, черешня
peach персик
lemon лимон
orange апельсин
pine-apple ананас
tangerine мандарин
melon дыня
water-melon арбуз
strawberry клубника, земляника
raspberry малина
currant смородина
nut орех
seeds семечки
soft-drinks безалкогольные напитки
honey мед
jam варенье
jar of jam банка варенья
to have tea пить чай
to be hungry быть голодным
to be thirsty хотеть пить
help yourself угощайтесь
macaroni (pasta) макароны
waiter (waitress) официант, -ка
order заказ
can I have могу я заказать
for a first coarse на 1-е блюдо
for a main на 2-е
for dessert на десерт
it tastes good вкусно
to cook (food) готовить
stuff фарш
plate тарелка
fork вилка
spoon ложка
knife нож
it goes without saying само собой разумеется
to prefer предпочитать
scrambled eggs яичница
pancakes блины, оладьи
short of time не хватает времени
couple пара, два
sandwich бутерброд
to have a snack перекусить
to keep smb going для поддержания сил
canteen столовая
leaves much to be desired оставляет желать лучшего
to serve обслуживать, подавать
a chop котлета
watery водянистый
mashed potatoes картофельное пюре
cocoa какао
stewed fruit компот
delicious вкусный
various разнообразный
to begin with для начала
salad салат
tomato помидор
cucumber огурец
mixed смешанный
noodle soup куриный суп с лапшой
mushroom soup грибной суп
cabbage soup щи
for a change для разнообразия
steak бифштекс
to boil варить
to fry жарить
green peas зеленый горошек
to make smb to do smth заставлять кого-то делать что-то
from time to time время от времени
berries ягоды
vegetarian вегетарианец
brain мозги
juice сок
slice ломтик, кусочек
cheeseburger чизбургер
hamburger гамбургер
apple pie яблочный пирог
fruit cocktail фруктовый коктейль
afford позволять себе
prefer smth to smth предпочитать что-то чему-то
they say говорят
it's not very healthy вредно для здоровья
Act the dialogue:
- How do you like the soup?
- Awfully nice really. Don't you think so?
- Yes, it is indeed. Pass me the salt, please.
- Here you are. Some more bread?
- Yes, please.
- What comes next, Ann?
- Pork chops with roast potatoes.
- And what follows that?
- Wouldn't you like to make a guess?
- Stewed apricots as usual, I suppose.
- There you are wrong, John. It's apple pudding with whipped cream.
- Apple pudding and with whipped cream! My, isn't it fine?
- I'm happy that I've suited your taste.
Translate into English:
1. Каждое утро я ем кукурузные хлопья с молоком.
2. Агличане пьют чай со сливками, а не с лимоном. Такой чай они называют "русский чай".
3. Моя подруга - вегетарианка, и поэтому она обычно ест овощи, фрукты, ягоды, молочные продукты и иногда рыбу.
4. Я сейчас на диете и поэтому съем только немного вареного мяса и овощей.
5. Наша семья любит овощи, и летом и зимой мама часто готовит нам салаты.
6. Какой суп ты хочешь? Грибной. Только пусть мама сварит его. Он будет тогда гораздо вкуснее.
7. Разрешите предложить вам еще чашку кофе? Спасибо, не кладите много сахару, пожалуйста.
8. Что ты заказал на второе? Еще ничего, но закажу котлеты с макаронами. А я макаронам предпочитаю картофель, поэтому я возьму курицу с пюре.
9. Я очень хочу пить! Сегодня очень жарко.
Topic 6: Science
Read and translate the text: