На 13.11.18
My name is...
I am a post-graduate student (a probator) of... faculty.
The topic of my scientific research is...
It is not easy to present the problem I study in all its complexity but still I should say...
Really, the aim of my investigation is very interesting because...
We widely use the method of...
The obvious advantage of the method we use is in its reliability.
I want to demonstrate...
My scientific supervisor is...
He (she) is a well-known scholar in the field of...
I have got... publications on the topic of my research.
I took part in scientific conferences devoted to....
My work is still in progress but I hope...
2. Сгруппируйте слова в разные колонки по их принадлежности к частям речи: существительные, прилагательные, глаголы и наречия.
Generation, human, separately, section, physical, accumulation, animal, produce, structure, special, humanity, school, literature, organize, university, special, philosophy, testable, logically, formulate, antiquity, modem, era, generally, topic, phenomenon, universal, dominant, ordinary, period, associate, discipline, linguistic, classify, rubric, formally, generate, accumulate, philosophically, dominate, historical, universally, arrange, specify, type, criticize, expression, economics, creature, prehistoric, intelligent, arrange, physically, natural, material.
3. Переведите текст с помощью словаря:
The Origin of Science.
For many thousands of years the earth was inhabited by creatures who lived and died without passing on their experiences to following generations. These early fish, reptiles, birds and mammals could only «talk» to each other through the roars, calls and screams of the jungle. Yet, somehow, from these prehistoric beings a more intelligent animal evolved with a brain able to form the controlled sounds of speech.
This human being began to use rocks and trees to fashion weapons to help him hunt for food. Stones and spears were probably the first tools used by humans as extensions of their own bodies - the spear could travel faster in flight than man could mn - and this ability to invent tools and pass on knowledge gave man a growing control of his surroundings. His search for new ways to survive and to improve his way of life continued through the ages thus the story of man’s world of science and invention was shaped.
Writing is known to contribute much to man’s experience accumulation, books printing being his greatest brainchild. As knowledge grew and the art of writing developed, parts of the story were recorded - some in one book, some in another. No man could remember all there was to know and writers found it useful to classify their knowledge under separate headings - much like a library arranges its books in sections so that the reader will know where to look for each subject. Science became separated into various branches. But its progress began only when man started to search for natural laws and principles, and produced theories, applying to scientific methods, such as: observation, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, hypothesis and experimentation.
4. Найдите нижеследующие предложения средствами русского языка.
| 1) observation 2) induction 3) deduction 4) analysis 5) synthesis 6) hypothesis 7) experiment 8) theory | a) a formal set of ideas that is intended to explain why smth happens or exists. b) the process of using information or finding the answer to the problem. c) a method of discovering general rules and principles from particular facts and examples. d) an idea or explanation of smth that is based on a few known facts but has not yet been proved to be true or correct. e) the act of watch smth carefully for a period of time, esp. to learn smth. f) the detailed study or examination of smth in order to understand more about it. g) the act of combining separate ideas, beliefs, styles; a mixture or combination of them. h) a scientific test that is done in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledge. |
5. Перейдите нижеследующие предложения средствами русского языка
1. Prehistoric man turned out to be the first inventor of tools and weapons.
2. The Greek philosophers are considered to have contributed much to the development of science.
3. Aristotle is known to have exercised a great influence on the principles of scientific thinking.
4. Psychology and economics prove to attract a great number of young researchers.
5. We think our scientific supervisors to help us much in writing theses.
6. Science is likely to develop new fields of research.
7. The ideas of professor Brown appear to produce a breakthrough in understanding of this phenomenon.
8. Every post-graduate student is expected to write a number of scientific papers.
9. A scientific supervisor thinks a post-graduator’s work to be completed if it takes the form of a dissertation.
10. The conference is sure to give a new stimulus to further investigation of the problem.
6. Прочитайте текст
Science
Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is an enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world. An older and closely related meaning still in use today is that of Aristotle for whom scientific knowledge was a body of reliable knowledge that can be logically and rationally explained.
Since classical antiquity science as a type of knowledge was closely linked to philosophy. In the early modem era the words "science" and "philosophy" were sometimes used interchangeably in the English language. By the 17th century, natural philosophy (which is today called "natural science") had begun to be considered separately from «philosophy» in general, while, "science" continued to be used in a broad sense denoting reliable knowledge about a topic, in the same way it is still used in modern terms such as library science.
However, in modem use, "science" is still mainly treated as synonymous with 'natural and physical science', and thus restricted to those branches of study that relate to the phenomena of the material universe and their laws, sometimes with implied exclusion of pure mathematics. This is now the dominant sense in ordinary use. The word "science!' became increasingly associated with the disciplined study of physics, chemistry, geology and biology. This sometimes left the study of human thought and society in a linguistic limbo, which was resolved by classifying these areas of academic study as social science.
In its turn the term «humanities» or «arts» refers to the subjects of study that are concerned with the way people think and behave, for example literature, language, history and philosophy (as it understood nowadays).
The term «science» is applied only to natural science.