The system operator of Kazakhstan UPS is KEGOC JSC (order of the Ministry of energy and mineral resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 198 dated 27 August 2004) and its functions are: to render system services on transmission of electricity via national power grid pursuant to the contracts; maintain the grid and keep its operational availability; to render system services on technical dispatch to perform centralized operational dispatch control of Kazakhstan UPS pursuant to the contracts including compilation of actual balances and daily schedule of electricity generation/consumption; to ensure reliable operation of Kazakhstan UPS; to render system services on electric capacity regulation; to render system services on balancing electricity generation/consumption; to perform financial settlement of electricity misbalances as established by the laws of Kazakhstan; to cooperate with the power systems of the neighboring countries to control and ensure stability of parallel operation; to manage operation of the real time electricity balancing market and system and ancillary services market; to perform technical and methodical management in forming the unified informational system, commercial metering system, related relay protection and emergency automation devices for all participants of the wholesale electricity market; to ensure equal conditions for the participants of the wholesale electricity market to access the national power grid; to provide the participants of the wholesale electricity market of Kazakhstan with the information except for any data making a commercial or any other secret protected by the law; to agree upon the outage of the primary equipment of power plants, substations, electricity transmission lines, relay protection and emergency automation devices, systems of technological control and operational availability support; to participate in planning of the hydro power plants operation subject to their water economy balances and operational modes of Kazakhstan UPS; to elaborate long-term forecast of electricity balances; to define the amount, structure and distribution of capacity reserve between power generating companies and engagement of capacity reserve in the unified power system of Kazakhstan.
Pursuant to the standing law of Kazakhstan 'On electric power industry', the balancing electricity market of Kazakhstan started to work in the simulation mode on 01 January 2008.
Vocabulary:
To render- to cause someone or something to be in a particular state (воздавать, отдавать).
Pursuant- according to (в соответствии, согласно).
Availability- the fact that something can be bought, used or reached, or whether or how much it can (наличие, доступность).
Dispatch- to send something, especially goods or a message, somewhere for a particular purpose (отправлять).
Compilation- the act of compiling something (собирание, сборник, собрание).
Reliable- something or someone that is reliable can be trusted or believed because they work or behave well in the way you expect (надежный).
Capacity - the total amount that can be contained or produced, or (especially of a person or organization) the ability to do a particular thing (вместимость, мощность, нагрузка).
Settlement - an official agreement that finishes an argument (улаживание, урегулирование).
Ancillary- providing support or help; additional; extra (вспомогательный, подчиненный).
Outage - a period when a service, such as electricity, is not available (отключение, бездействие).
Elaborate- containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts (искусно сделанный, сложный).
Simulation - a model of a set of problems or events that can be used to teach someone how to do something, or the process of making such a model (воспроизведение, моделирование).
Exercise 1. Answer the questions.
1. What are the functions of the system operator of Kazakhstan UPS?
2. KEGOC is Kazakhstan electricity grid operating company, isn’t it?
3. UPS is uninterruptible power supply, isn’t that?
4. When did the balancing electricity market of Kazakhstan start to work?
Список литературы
1 Голдберг О. Д. “Испытание электрических машин”. – Москва, 2000.
2 Макаров Е. Ф. “Справочник по электрическим сетям”. – Москва, 2008.
3 Мышкин М. К. “Электрические контакты”. – Москва, 2008.
4 Ludeking L. D. “Computational electro-energetic plasma physics research”. – Economic research service, U. S. department of power engineering, 2009.
5 Roboam X. “Systemic design methodologies for electrical energy systems”. – Economic research service, U. S. department of power engineering, 2012.
Содержание
Energy everywhere. 3
Heat energy. 6
Sound and light 8
Chemical energy. 10
Electricity. 12
Fuels for energy. 14
Problems with fuels. 16
Saving energy. 18
Electric power industry of Kazakhstan. 21
Electricity transmission sector 22
Kazakhstan electricity market 24
Power supplying companies. 26
Operators in the electricity market 28
Список литературы.. 30