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The First Mining School in Russia
The Moscow Mining Academy was established in 1918. The main task of the Academy was to train mining engineers and technicians, to popularize technological achievements among miners, to work on important problems of mining and metallurgical engineering and to direct scientific research.
There were three departments in the Academy: mining, geological prospecting and metallurgy. The Moscow Mining Academy introduced a new course in coal mining mechanization which provided the basis for the development of mining engineering. The two scientists A.M. Terpigorev and M.M. Protodyakonov wrote the first textbook On machinery for mining bedded deposits.
Much credit for the establishment of the Moscow Mining Academy and the development of co-operation among outstanding scientists and educators is due to Academician I.M. Gubkin, a prominent geologist and oil expert.
In 1925 the Moscow Mining Academy was one of the best-known educational institutions in Russia. It had well-equipped laboratories, demonstration rooms and a library which had many volumes of Russian and foreign scientific books and journals.
The Academy established close contacts with the coal and ore mining industries. The scientists carried out scientific research and worked on important mining problems.
The rapid growth of the mining industry called for the training of more highly-qualified specialists and the establishment of new educational institutions.
New collieries and open-cast mines, concentration plants, metallurgical works and metal-working factories for processing non-ferrous and ferrous metals appeared in the country. The people took an active part in the construction of new industrial enterprises.
The Academy alone could not cope with the problem of training specialists. In 1930 the Moscow Mining Academy was transformed into six independent institutes. Among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy's departments were the Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Geological Prospecting. Later, the scientific research Institute of Mining appeared near Moscow.
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите своп ответы фактами из текста.
1. There were four departments in the Academy.
2. The Academy introduced a new course in coal mining mechanization.
3. In 1925 the Academy had only several well-equipped laboratories, demonstration rooms and a library which had many volumes of books.
4. The Academy established close contacts with the coal industry.
5. In 1930 the Academy was transformed into six independent institutes.
6. The Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Geological Prospecting were among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy's departments.
2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What was the main task of the Academy?
2. What new course did the Academy introduce?
3. Were there three or four departments at the Academy?
4. What industries did the Academy establish contacts with?
5. Who wrote the first textbook on machinery for mining bedded deposits?
6. Why was the Academy transformed into six independent institutes?
7. Why was the Academy transformed?
Подберите к глаголам из списка А соответствующие существительные из списка Б. Переведите словосочетания.
А.
1. to carry out
2. to direct
3. to prospect for
4. to introduce
5. to equip
6. to establish
Б.
а) new courses
б) laboratories
в) experiments
r) research
д) contacts
е) new deposits
Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов.
1. mining equipment a) обогатительная фабрика
2. to carry out research б) подготовка горных инженеров
3. new course in в) разведка нефти
4. to direct scientific activity г) обработка цветных металлов
5. to take an active part in д) техническое образование
6. prospecting for oil е) новый учебный курс по
7. bedded deposit ж) принимать активное участие
8. concentration plant з) проводить исследования
9. technical education и) направлять научную деятельность
10. processing of non-ferrous metals к) горное оборудование
11. the training of mining engineers л) пластовые месторождения
Найдите в каждом ряду слова или сочетания слов, имеющие наиболее общее значение.
engineer, chemist, geologist, specialist, economist
coal, mineral resources, oil, iron, gas, ferrous metals
oil industry, gas industry, extractive industry
the sun, atom, gas, energy source, coal, oil
6. Составьте предложения из следующих слов:
1. traditions, our, interesting, has, university, many
2. an, plays, of, role, people, life, the, music, important, in
3. this, did, the university, why, enter, you?
4. sport, is, what, favourite, your?
7. а) Составьте вопросы, ответами на которые являются следующие предложения:
1. Yes, they did. (The scientists carried out research in the field of geology and mining.)
2. No, there were not. (There were only a few higher mining schools in the country.)
3. No, it did not. (The Academy established close contacts with the coal arid ore mining industries.)
4. Yes, they did. (They took an active part in the development of heavy industry.)
б ) Вставьте соответствующее вопросительное слово (what, who, why, where, when, which, how, how hag, how old) в начале каждого предложения.
1.... does the economy of the country depend on?
2.... are there large fuel and energy complexes?
3.... discovered new deposits of brown coal?
4.... does the engineer get to the capital?
5.... do you travel so much?
6.... did he stay in Great Britain?
7.... is your brother?
А) Прочтите следующий текст. Найдите в каждом предложении группу подлежащее-сказуемое. Определите временную форму глаголов-сказуемых. Переведите текст на русский язык.
When Mikhail Lomonosov came to Moscow he gained admission to the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy. He made rapid progress. Then he entered the Academy of Sciences. His abilities and diligence attracted the attention of the professors and as one of the three best students he continued his education abroad. There he studied chemistry, mathematics, metallurgy and mining. On his return to Russia he became a professor and a member of the Academy of Sciences.
For versatility Lomonosov has no equal in Russian science. Many of his ideas and discoveries won recognition only in the nineteenth century. For instance, he was the first who discovered the vegetation origin of coal, and as a poet and scientist he played a great role in the formation of the Russian literary language.
His living memorial is the Moscow University, which he founded in 1755.