Present Simple
(настоящее простое)
1. Действие происходит регулярно, обычно, постоянно, всегда, часто, не происходит никогда.
Usually - обычно
Often - часто
Seldom (rarely) - редко
Always - всегда
Sometimes - иногда
Occasionally - иногда, изредка, время от времени
Neve r - никогда
Every day - каждый день
Every week - каждую неделю
Every month - каждый месяц
Every year - каждый год
2. Постоянно повторяющееся действие в настоящем.
I study at school.
I live in Izhevsk.
3. Общественные факты.
Moscow is t he capital of Russia.
| AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE |
I work I do not work Do I work?
He works He does not work Does he work?
She works She does not work Does she work?
It works It does not work Does it work?
We work We do not work Do we work?
You work You do not work Do you work?
They work They do not work Do they work?
| Do not=don’t Does not=doesn’t |
Present Continuous (Progressive)
(настоящее продолженное, длительное)
1. Для выражения действия, происходящего в момент речи.
Now
At present
At this (that) moment
Please, do not make so much noise. I am working.
Let’s go out now. It’s not raining any more.
2. Будущее запланированное действие.
I am leaving for Moscow. – I am going to Moscow.
At 10 I am meeting her at the station.
We are having dinner together.
I am starting a job next week.
НО be going to (am, is, are) – собираться, запланированное действие, но отдаленные планы.
Иногда что-то в ситуации указывает на то, что действие произойдет неизбежно.
Look at that clouds. It is going to rain.
| AFFIRMATIVE | NEGATIVE | INTERROGATIVE |
| I am reading He is reading She is reading It is reading We are reading You are reading They are reading | I am not reading He is not reading She is not reading It is not reading We are not reading You are not reading They are not reading | Am I reading Is he reading Is she reading Is it reading Are we reading Are you reading Are they reading |
Past Simple Tense
(прошедшее простое)
Употребляется для выражения действия, которое происходило в прошлом в неопределенное время. Время совершения действия ясно из контекста или ситуации или указывается соответствующими обстоятельственными словами и выражениями, обозначающими прошедшее время, такими, как:
yesterday – вчера
the day before yesterday – позавчера
last year - в прошлом году
ago - какое-то время тому назад
2 days ago – 2 дня назад
the other day - на днях
| AFFIRMATIVE | NEGATIVE | INTERROGATIVE |
| I worked/ wrote | I did not work/ write | Did I work/ write? |
| I didn’t work/ write |
Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense
(прошедшее продолженное, длительное)
Выражает незаконченное, длительное действие, происходившее в какой-то определенный момент или период.
Этот момент может быть определен:
точным указанием времени:
· What were you doing at 6 o'clock yesterday? - Что ты делал в 6 часов вечера? I was reading. - Я читал.
другим кратким одновременным действием в прошлом:
· I was reading when you came in.- Я читал, когда ты вошла.
контекстом или ситуацией, т.е. точное указание времени или начало другого действия выражены в предыдущем предложении или ясны из ситуации:
· I came to the station. My brother was waiting for me on the platform. - Я приехал на станцию. Мой брат ждал меня на платформе.
| AFFIRMATIVE | NEGATIVE | INTERROGATIVE |
| I was reading We were reading | I was not reading We were not reading | Was I reading? Were we reading? |
Future Simple
(будущее простое)
Употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершится в будущем в неопределенное время. Может обозначать как однократное, так и повторяющееся действие.
Tomorrow – завтра
The day after tomorrow – послезавтра
In a few days – через несколько дней
They will take English lessons twice a week.
| AFFIRMATIVE | NEGATIVE | INTERROGATIVE |
| I will work He will work She will work It will work We will work You will work They will work | I will not work He will not work She will not work It will not work We will not work You will not work They will not work | will I work? Will he work? Will she work? Will it work? Will we work? Will you work? Will they work? |
Future Continuous (Progressive)
(будущее продолженное, длительное)
Употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершится в будущем в определенное время.
Tomorrow at 3 o’clock I will be reading a book.
| AFFIRMATIVE | NEGATIVE | INTERROGATIVE |
| I will be reading He will be reading She will be reading It will be reading We will be reading You will be reading They will be reading | I will not be reading He will not be reading She will not be reading It will not be reading We will not be reading You will not be reading They will not be reading | Will I be reading Will he be reading Will she be reading Will it be reading Will we be reading Will you be reading Will they be reading |
ENGLISH TENSES (ACTIVE)
| SIMPLE | CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) | PERFECT | PERFECT CONTINUOUS | |
| PRESENT | V (s) ask(s) Repeated, customary action. usually/generally always/never often/seldom sometimes Fact. Future action (to a timetable, schedule). | Be + V4(-ing) am is asking are Action (process) going on at the present moment now, at present, at the moment Future action planned before | Have+V3 (ed) have asked has Completed action connected withthe present; result. Already/yet ever/never lately/recently this week/today by now | Have been+V4(-ing) have been asking has Action (process) which began in the past and is still going on for a month/a long time since 5 o’clock how long/since when |
| PAST | V2 (ed) asked took Action (succession of actions) in the past yesterday last week 3 days ago | Be + V4 (-ing) was asking were Action (process) taking place at a given moment in the past at 5 yesterday from 5 to 6 yesterday for 3 days last week all day long/the whole day when we came | Had + V3 (ed) had asked Action completed before a certain moment in the past. by 5 o’clock yesterday before he came by the end of last year At sequence of tenses | Had been + V4 (-ing) had been asking Action (process) which began before a definite moment in the past and was still going at that moment Hehad been workingfor 2 hours, when my brother came. |
| FUTURE | Will + V1 will ask Future action tomorrow next week in 3 days in 2017 | Wiil be + V4 (-ing) will be asking Action (process) taking place at a given moment in the future. at 5 tomorrow from 5 to 6 tomorrow for 3 days next week all day long tomorrow when he comes | Will have+V3 (-ed) will have asked Action completed before a definite moment in the future by 5 o/clock tomorrow when he comes by next summer | Will have been + V4 (-ing) will have been asking Action (process) which will begin before a definite moment in the future and will be going on at that moment. When you come, I’ll have been working for 2 hours. |
Irregular verbs
| Present Simple | Past Simple | Past Perfect | Translation |
| be | was/ were | been | быть |
| become | became | become | становиться |
| begin | began | begun | начинать |
| bet | bet | bet | держать пари |
| bite | bit | bitten | кусать |
| break | broke | broken | ломать |
| bring | brought | brought | приносить |
| build | built | built | строить |
| buy | bought | bought | покупать |
| catch | caught | caught | ловить |
| choose | chose | chosen | выбирать |
| come | came | come | приходить |
| cost | cost | cost | стоить |
| cut | cut | cut | резать |
| do | did | done | делать |
| drink | drank | drunk | пить |
| drive | drove | driven | ехать |
| eat | ate | eaten | есть |
| fall | fell | fallen | падать |
| feed | fed | fed | кормить |
| feel | felt | felt | чувствовать |
| find | found | found | находить |
| fly | flew | flown | летать |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать |
| get | got | got | получать |
| give | gave | given | давать |
| go | went | gone | идти, уходить |
| hang | hung | hung | висеть, вешать |
| have | had | had | иметь |
| hear | heard | heard | слышать |
| hold | held | held | держать |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | причинять вред, боль |
| keep | kept | kept | хранить |
| know | knew | known | знать |
| lay | laid | laid | класть |
| leave | left | left | оставлять |
| let | let | let | позволять |
| lie | lay | lain | лежать |
| lose | lost | lost | терять |
| make | made | made | делать |
| mean | meant | meant | значить, подразумевать |
| meet | met | met | встречать |
| pay | paid | paid | платить |
| put | put | put | класть, ставить |
| read | read | read | читать |
| ring | rang | rung | звонить |
| run | ran | run | бегать |
| say | said | said | сказать |
| see | saw | seen | видеть |
| seek | sought | sought | искать |
| shoot | shot | shot | стрелять |
| show | showed | shown | показывать |
| shut | shut | shut | закрывать |
| sing | sang | sung | петь |
| sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
| sleep | slept | slept | спать |
| speak | spoke | spoken | говорить |
| spend | spent | spent | тратить |
| stand | stood | stood | стоять |
| steal | stole | stolen | красть |
| swim | swam | swum | плавать |
| take | took | taken | брать |
| teach | taught | taught | учить |
| tell | told | told | рассказывать |
| think | thought | thought | думать |
| understand | understood | understood | понимать |
| wake | woke | woken | просыпаться, будить |
| wear | wore | worn | носить (об одежде) |
| win | won | won | выигрывать |
| write | wrote | written | писать |