Употребляется для обозначения:
- действия, происходящего в определённый момент времени;
- действия, которое было прервано другим действием;
- двух и более одновременно происходящих действий.
Типичные обстоятельства времени: at 5 o'clock yesterday, the whole day, from 3 to 5, while, when.
| + | Подл. ед. ч. I/He/She/It was Ving |
| Подл. мн. ч. You/We/They were Ving | |
| - | Подл. ед. ч. I/He/She/It wasn't Ving |
| Подл. мн. ч. You/We/They weren't Ving | |
| ? | Wasподл. ед. ч. Ving |
| Were подл. мн. ч. Ving |
Например:
+ I was working at 5 o'clock yesterday.
We weren't studying from 1 to 3 p.m. yesterday.
— She wasn't sleeping when he came.
They weren't walking at that time yesterday.
? Were you cooking dinner at 5 o'clock yesterday?
Exercise 15
1. The goalkeeper... (not pay) attention, so the opposing team scored.
2. Tanya... (watch) the London marathon on TV the whole morning.
3. Polly... (run) as fast as usual during the race.
4. We left the stadium while the match... still... (go) on.
5. I... (have) a shower when my mobile phone rang.
6. Mary... (wait) for me when I arrived home.
7. I... (walk) along the street when I heard a terrible cry.
8. What... you... (do) at this time yesterday?
9. He... (not/drive) very fast when the accident happened.
10. Who... (play) football on this ground yesterday evening?
11. When the train arrived at the station, she... still... (stand) on the platform.
12. I... (have) a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang.
13. We... (watch) TV when suddenly we lost all the power.
14. He broke his leg when he... (ski) in the mountains.
15. While I... (cook) dinner, I cut myself the finger.
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Exercise 16
1. Just as Bob... the street, a car came round the corner.
a. crossed
b. was crossing
2. While I... about my next actions, somebody knocked.
a. thought
b. was thinking
3. Then I... a man standing nearby the shop.
a. saw
b. was seeing
4. Something very strange... to me on my way home.
a. happened
b. was happening
5. When I got up that morning the sun... brightly.
a. shone
b. was shining
6. Somebody stole the money from Dad's pocket while he
a. slept
b. was sleeping
7. It was getting dark when we... our native city.
a. reached
b. were reaching
8. While he... for me he was reading an article in the magazine.
a. waited
b. was waiting
9. He couldn't speak because he... of laughter.
a. died
b. was dying
10. I looked at Mary who... still... from cold.
a. shivered
b. was... shivering
11. They... while they were discussing their plans.
a. were quarrelling
b. quarrelled
12. I was hurrying to my work when I... my old friend.
a. met
b. was meeting
13. They... at the table when I began to tell this story.
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a. sat
b. were sitting
14. While I... through all the newspapers and didn't find usefull information.
a. looked
b. was looking
15. He... into the room and saw the father there.
a. came
b. was coming
Exercise 17
It was late on Friday afternoon. Mr Brown 1. _______ (walk) home work. There was a big lorry outside his block of flats. Somebody is moving', he 2. ______ (think). He 3. ____________ (stand) outside the front door when he 4. _________ (see) two men at the door. They 5. _________ (carry) a huge TV. Mr Brown 6. ________ (hold) the door open for them, they 7. _________ (thank) him and they 8. _________(load) the TV to the lorry. Then, Mr Brown 9. ________ (go) upstairs to his flat on the second floor. He 10. _______ (look) for his keys when he 11. ________ (realize) his door was open. He 12. _______ (remember) the two men with the TV and he nearly 13. _____
(faint)! The two men 14. _______ (be) thieves and the TV they 15. ________ (carry) was his TV!
PRESENT PERFECT
Употребляется для обозначения
— действия, которое выполнено или не выполнено к настоящему моменту, результат важен в момент речи;
— действия, которое началось в прошлом и не закончено к моменту речи.
Типичные обстоятельства времени: ever/never, just, already, yet, lately, recently, for, since
| + | I/You/We/Theyhave наречие V3(+ed/3форма непр. гл) |
| He/She/Ithas наречие V3(+ed/3форма непр. гл.) | |
| - | I/You/We/Theyhaven't V3(+ed/3форма непр. гл.) yet |
| He/She/Ithasn't V3(+ed/3форма непр. гл.)yet. | |
| ? | Have I/You/We/They наречие V3 (+ed/3форма непр. гл.) |
| Has He/She/It наречие V3(+ed/3форма непр. гл.) |
Например:
+ I have just finished my work.
She has already done her task.
— They haven't come yet.
He hasn't dressed yet.
? Have you ever been there?
Has she finished school yet?
Exercise 18
1. Where is Nick? He... just... (go) out of the office.
2. I can't find my key. I think I... (lose) it.
3. What are you going to do tonight?... you... (decide) yet?
4. Wait a minute! They... (not/finish) their work yet.
5. I miss her. She... (not/be) at home for ages.
6. What's in the newspaper today? I... (not/read) it yet.
7. I'm looking for Bob. Where... he... (go)?
8. She is having her birthday today. She... already... (invite) us.
9. We are waiting for you. Mum... already... (cook) the dinner.
10. My family is on holiday. They... (go) to France.
11. Her face is familiar to me but I... (forget) her name.
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12.... you ever... (be) to Scotland? It's a wonderful country!
13. We are going to the restaurant tonight. He... (reserve) the table.
14. It's good for your health that you... (give) up smoking.
15. — Do you like caviar? — I don't know, I... never... (eat) it.
Exercise 19
1. I'd like to take this new book. Has your wife read it...?
a) done c)just
b) for d) yet
2. Ann writes her books very quickly. She's... finished the last one.
a) already c) for
b) been d) yet
3. Martin has... to Greece five times. He loves this place.
a) gone c) been
b) being d) be
4. Have you... done any skiing?
a) never c) just
b) ever d) for
5. — What are you going to do? I don't know.
— I haven't decided ….
a) already c) just
b) ever d) yet
6. My boyfriend hasn't rung... week.
a) for c) since
b) last d) this
7. I haven't seen that coat before. How... have you had it?
a) already c) long
b) for d) since
8. The girls have... to the cinema. They aren't at home now.
a) been c) went
b) gone d) going
9. I haven't seen my friends... last Christmas.
a) just c) since
b) already d) for
10. I don't know the taste of this dish. I have... eaten this fish.
a) never c)just
b) ever d)yet
11. Tim has... got home from work. He's having a shower now.
a) never c) just
b) yet d) ever
12. I painted my bedroom …. It looks nine.
a) already c) yet
b) yesterday d) just
13. I've... bought everything we need.
a) already c) yet
b) last d) ever
14. Have they moved to the new flat...?
a) already c) ever
b) just d) yet
15. We haven't redecorated the kitchen... many years.
a) yet c) for
b) since d) recently
Exercise 20
Open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Simple Tense and reproduce the dialogue.
John: What time is it? Mary: Half past four.
John: What 1. _____ you_______ (do) this afternoon?
Mary: I 2. ______ (go) shopping to buy some flour to bake a cake.
John: And what 3. _____ you (do) in the morning?
Mary: I 4. ______ (go) to the city centre and 5. ____ (pay) some bills.
John: Let's go to the cinema in the evening. 6. ____ you (see) this new film?
Mary: Yes, I have.
John: When 7. ____ you ______ (see) it?
Mary: I 8. _______ (see) it last week.
John: Who 9. ______ you______ (go) with?
Mary: I 10. ______ (be) there with George.
John: 11. _____ you (be) on holiday this year?
Mary: Yes, we 12. ______ (travel) to Scotland.
John: Where 13. _____ you_______ (stay)?
Mary: With friends in a little cottage. I know your wife 14. ___ (be) there.
John: Yes, we 15. ______ (go) with her there last year.
Exercise 21
Choose the right form of the verb (Present Perfect/Past Simple).
1.... it... snowing yet?
a. Did... stop
b. Is... stopped
c. Has... stopped
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2. Don't worry about the present. I... it the day before yesterday.
a. buyed
b. have bought
c. bought
3. When... Jill... school?
a. had... finished
b. has... finished
c. did... finish
4. I can't find my umbrella. I think somebody... it by mistake.
a. has taken
b. took
c. takes
5. Have you got any money? Yes, I... my salary already.
a. receive
b. have received
c. received
6. Where is Ann? She... the shops. She'll be back soon.
a. went to
b. has gone to
c. have gone to
7. I know this place. I... there many times.
a. have been
b. was
c. were
8. When I was a child, I... always late for school.
a. have been
b. was
c. were
9. There's the half of my chocolate bar. Somebody... it.
a. has eaten
b. have eaten
c. ate
10. John is reading a book now. He... about 50 pages.
a. read
b. has read
c. have read
11. The British... tea since 1650.
a. drunk
b. drank
c. have drunk
12. The children are dirty because they... in the garden.
a. have played
b. played
c. has played
13. I am very tired but I... my work yet.
a. haven't finished
b. have finished
c. finished
14. We... about it for a long time.
a. knew
b. has known
c. have known
15. — Why is your hair wet? — I... my hair after sport.
a. have washed
b. washed
c. has washe
Exercise 49
Our house rules.
I think our house rules are OK. My brother and I 1.... go to the park or play with our friends after school, but we 2.... finish our homework first. I 3.... stay up late on weekends, but I 4.... go to bed early on Friday and Saturday.
I 5.... get up early on Saturday, but I 6.... tidy my room. After lunch my Mum 7.... to do food shopping and I usually help her. Then I 8.... do my homework.
I 9.... go out with my friends at the weekend, but I 10.... (to) come back home early.
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
Существуют три степени сравнения прилагательных: положительная, сравнительная, превосходная. В зависимости от способов образования степеней сравнения выделяют три группы прилагательных.
1-я группа:
1) односложные прилагательные (low, nice, hot);
2) двусложные прилагательные на -у, -ow, -le, -er (pretty, clever);
3) двусложные с ударением на втором слоге (severe);
4) трёхсложные прилагательные с приставкой un- (unhappy).
Все эти прилагательные образуют степени сравнения с помощью суффиксов -ег и -est.
low - lower - the lowest
clever - cleverer - the cleverest
2-я группа. Все остальные двусложные и многосложные прилагательные образуют степени сравнения с помощью слов more и the most, которые ставятся перед прилагательным.
modern - more modern - the most modern
terrible - more terrible - the most terrible
3-я группа. Особые случаи — прилагательные имеют разные слова для выражения степеней сравнения.
Good - better — the best
Bad — worse — the worst