Прочтите текст и выполните задания после текста.
Пояснения к тексту
1. to construct - конструировать; 2. engine - машина, устройство; 3. sequence - последовательность; 4. precision - точность, безошибочность; 5. equation - уравнение; 6. to store - хранить; 7. solid-state devices - твердотельный (полупроводниковый) прибор; 8. auxiliary storage equipment - вспомогательное запоминающее устройство; 9. semiconductorlike - полупроводниковый.
The Development of the Computer
1. The inventions and ideas of many mathematicians and scientists led to the development of the computer. The first mechanical calculating machines were invented during the 1600’s. One of the more notable of these devices was built in 1642 by the French mathematician and scientist Blaise Pascal.
2. During the 1830’s, an English mathematician named Charles Babbage developed the idea of a mechanical digital computer. He tried to construct a machine called an analytical engine. The machine contained the basic elements of an automatic computer and was designed to perform complicated calculations according to a sequence of instructions. However, the technology of Babbage's time was not advanced enough to provide the precision parts needed to complete the machine.
3. In 1930 the first reliable analog computer was built. This machine, called a differential analyzer, solved differential equations.
4. During the 1940’s, John Von Neumann, an American mathematician, introduced an idea that improved computer design. He proposed that programs could be coded as numbers and stored with data in a computer's memory.
5. The invention of the transistor in 1947 and of related solid-state devices resulted in the production of faster and more reliable electronic computers. The new machines also were smaller and less expensive than earlier models.
6. Researchers are seeking ways to improve memories and auxiliary storage equipment. They expect to produce an efficient magnetic bubble unit, which is faster and cheaper to operate than mechanical tape or disk units. A magnetic bubble unit is a semiconductorlike chip that stores data in tiny, cylindrically shaped areas called bubbles. Up to a million bits of information can be stored in one bubble unit.
Ex. 1 Определите соответствуют ли данные предложения тексту или нет. (True / False)
1. The inventions and ideas of many mathematicians and scientists led to the development of the mobile-phone.
2. During the 1830’s, an English mathematician named Michael Faraday developed the idea of a mechanical digital computer.
3. The automatic computer was designed to perform complicated calculations.
4. A magnetic bubble unit is a semiconductorlike chip that stores wires.
Ex. 2 Выберите правильный вариант ответа наследующие вопросы в соответствии с текстом.
1. What for was the computer invented?
A. The machine was designed to perform complicated calculations according to a sequence of instructions.
B. The machine was designed to store data.
C. The machine was designed to read documents.
2. Who developed the idea of a mechanical digital computer?
A. H. W. Nieman
B. Charles Babbage
C. Tommy Flowers
3. What are researchers seeking to improve?
A. Researchers are seeking ways to improve design.
B. Researchers are seeking ways to improve memories and auxiliary storage equipment.
C. Researchers are seeking ways to improve the precision parts.
Ex. 3 Выберите правильный вариант перевода.
1. The first mechanical calculating machines were invented during the 1600’s.
A. Первые механические вычислительные машины изобретали во время 1960-го года.
B. Первые машины-калькуляторы изобрели в 1960-х годах.
C. Первые механические вычислительные машины были изобретены в 1960-х годах.
2. He proposed that programs could be coded as numbers and stored with data in a computer's memory.
А. Он предложил, что программы могли быть закодированы в числа и сохранены с данными в памяти компьютера.
В. Он предложил программы, которые будут закодированы в числа и сохранены с данными для памяти компьютера.
С. Он выдвинул идею, что программы можно закодированы в числа и сохранить с данными в памяти компьютера.
3. The new machines also were smaller and less expensive than earlier models.
А. Новые машины были также маленькими и более дорогими, чем предыдущие модели.
В. Новые машины были также меньше и дорогими по сравнению с ранними моделями
С. Новые машины были также меньше и менее дорогими, чем ранние модели.
Ex. 4 Вставьте в предложения слова в соответствии с текстом.
1. One of the more notable of these _____ was built in 1642 by the French mathematician and scientist Blaise Pascal.
A. machines
B. devices
C. parts
2. The machine contained the basic elements of an automatic computer and was designed to perform complicated ______ according to a sequence of instructions.
A. calculations
B. sums
C. data
3. In 1930 the first reliable ______ computer was built.
A. analog
B. digital
C. new
4. The invention of _____ in 1947 and of related solid-state devices resulted in the production of faster and more reliable electronic computers.
A. the chip
B. the magnetic bubble unit
C. the transistor
5. A magnetic bubble unit is a semiconductorlike chip that stores _____.
A. films
B. data
C. calculations