Н.М. Микрюкова
Сборник контрольных работ
для студентов инженерного факультета
заочного обучения
Пермь 2007г.
Предисловие
Данный сборник контрольных работ предназначен для студентов заочников экономических специальностей.
Сборник состоит из четырёх вариантов. Каждый вариант контрольной работы представляет собой комплекс заданий, в который входят как грамматические, так и лексические упражнения.
Для выполнения грамматических заданий необходимо повторить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка: спряжение глаголов to be, to have и других основных глаголов в разных временных формах, модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (особенности их употребления и спряжения), употребление предлогов, включая устойчивые выражения.
В упражнениях и текстах первой части каждого варианта содержится спец-лексика по сельскому хозяйству.
Тексты и упражнения второй части каждого варианта подобраны с учетом профессиональной направленности студентов и включают следующие темы:
«Сельскохозяйственные машины», «Отвальные плуги», «Инструменты для посадки и уборки с/х культур» и др.
Послетекстовые задания предназначены для развития навыков ознакомительного, изучающего и информативного чтения студентов – заочников.
Контрольные работы выполняются студентами самостоятельно, но при условии предварительной подготовительной работы под руководством преподавателя.
По каждой теме может быть использован дополнительный материал из учебников и пособий, рекомендуемых кафедрой.
Пособие составлено в соответствии с программой по английскому языку для неязыковых специальностей высших учебных заведений для студентов заочного обучения.
Тексты для заданий взяты из современной английской и американской литературы.
Contents
Вариант I ……………………………………………………………………..4
Вариант II …………………………………………………………………….8
Вариант Ш …………………………………………………………………..13
Вариант IV ……………………………………………….………………….18
I вариант
Задание №1
Употребите глагол to be в нужной форме (am, is, are, was, were, shall be, will be). Переведите предложения.
1. Next year the yields of grain on our farm... higher.
2. Last year permanent as well as temporary pastures... very good because the soil... fertile.
3. Crossbreeding... mating of animals belonging to two different breeds.
4. When supplementary feed... necessary, it is given to the dairy cows in theform of concentrates or root crops and sometimes in the form of silage.
5. The annual milk yield per cow... about 750-800 gallons.
Задание №2
Поставьте глагол to have в нужную временную форму
(Present, Past or Future Indefinite) и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. My sisters... a new area for pasture next year.
2. She usually... two heifers every year.
3.... Sam … much fruit last autumn?
4. I...... (not to have) two ploughs now.
5. Mary...... (not to have) plants of buckwheat in her fields
two years ago.
6.... you... a new tractor next year?
Задание №3
Вставьте нужный предлог и переведите предложения.
1. They have much work... spring,... summer and... autumn.
2. I am a student... the Agricultural Academy.
3. My father is an agronomist... a big farm far... Perm.
4. She likes to read books... the life... animals.
5. It is winter now. Spring will begin... 2 months.
6. Most trees... our Academy are broadleaf.
Задание №4
Поставьте глагол в соответствующем времени.
Переведите предложения.
1. The coffee-plant (to grow) in North Africa, the East and the West Indies, and Brazil.
2. We (to feed) domestic animals with grain last winter.
3. UV rays (to increase) the risk of skin cancer and (to weaken) the immune system of people in the nearest several years.
Задание №5
Вставьте подходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы, переведите предложения.
1. сап могу (физическая возможность, умение)
could мог
2. may могу (разрешение, вероятность)
might might мог
3. must должен
had to должен был (вынужден)
was (were) to должен был (запланировано)
1. Calculating the balance sheet, an accountant... always be very attentive.
2.... I take part in discussing the farmer's problems?
3. You are very lazy. I... not make you a diligent student.
4. Last year the weather was very unfavourable for the crops... we get high yields, I wonder?
Задание №6
Переведите письменно 2, 3 и 6 абзацы текста на русский язык.
Agriculture in Britain
1. The visitor who travels from Dover to London in spring will pass through blossoming orchards of apple, pear and cherry trees, for it is not for nothing that Kent is called the "Garden of England". Hard fruits (apples and pears) also grow well in many other parts of Britain. In the West farmers grow cider apples. Soft fruits (such as plums) are grown in many counties; the area around Perth, in Scotland, is the chief centre for raspberries.
2. Wheat is grown mainly in England. Barley and oats are grown in the same areas together with sugar beet. More than half of the crops is harvested mechanically. Potatoes are grown mainly in the East of England, and in Lancashire, while Scotland supplies seed-potatoes.
3. Dairy farming is distributed all over the country but it is characteristic to the West of England.
4. Britain is an exporter of pedigree cattle, sheep, pigs and horses.
5. Sheep are found in hilly counties particularly. Britain has been famous for its wool for centuries. There is hardly a place in the country which hasn't got some connection with the wool trade. Many surnames show a family's past connection with the wool trade. Shepherd and Weaver are the best examples.
6. Market gardening centres are usually situated near the big cities. Glasshouses are found mainly in southern England.
Задание №7
Ознакомьтесь с содержанием текста и письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. Where do hard and soft fruits grow in Britain?
2. What are the main grain crops growing in Great Britain?
3. What does Britain export?
4. What is the main livestock product?
Задание №8
Прочтите текст и переведите его на русский язык.
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
Agricultural machines are used to till soil and to plant, cultivate, and harvest crops. Since ancient times, when cultures first began cultivating plants, people have used tools to help them grow and harvest crops. They used pointed tools to dig and keep soil loosened, and sharp, knife-like objects to harvest ripened crops. Modifications of these early implements led to the development of small hand tools that are still used in gardening, such as the spade, hoe, rake and trowel, and larger implements, such as ploughs and larger rakes that are drawn by humans, animals, or simple machines.
Modern machinery is used extensively in Western Europe, Australia, the United States, the Russian Federation and Canada.
Modern large agricultural implements, adapted to large-scale farming methods, are usually powered by diesel- or petrol-fuelled internal-combustion engines. The diesel engine can be defined as follows: an internal combustion engine in which fuel is ignited by the heat resulting from the compression of the air supplied for combustion. It can be called compression - ignition engine (CI - engine). The first diesel engine was used in a farm tractor in 1931. It was first used in the powerful track - laying type of tractor. The reasons for the increasing importance of the CI engine are:
a) they have a low operating cost;
b) the fuel u sed, is not as volatile as that used in the spark ignition engine and therefore there is less hazard (риск, опасность). Diesel engines are very good sources of power for operating irrigation pumps and electric generators, where the speed is rather constant. The most important implement of modern agriculture is the tractor. It provides locomotion for many other implements and can furnish power, via its power shaft, for the operation of machines drawn behind the tractor. The power shafts of tractors can also be set up to drive belts that operate equipment such as feed grinders, pumps, and electric - power generators. Small implements, such as portable irrigators, may be powered by individual motors.
Задание №9
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. For what purposes are agricultural machines used?
2. What hand tools do you know?
3. What are two types of internal compustion engines?
4. What are the reasons for the increasing importance of the compression - ignition engine?
Задание №10
Вставьте слова или словосочетания, данные под чертой
1. Diesel engines are excellent … … for operating irrigatlon pumps.
2. Long ago people began to use … … to help them grow crops.
3. The internal combustion engine ignites and burns ….
4. Farmers use small and large … …in their work….
Implements, fuel, tools, sources of power.
Задание №11
Закончите предложения.
1. The most important implement of modern agriculture is …….
2. Farmers use agricultural machines ….
3. The first diesel engine was ……and sharp, knife - like objects to ….
II вариант
Задание №1
Употребите глагол to be в нужной форме (am, is, are, was, were, shall be, will be). Переведите предложения.
1. In some years my brother... an agronomist.
2. The average milk yield obtained from a cow... 700 gallons last year.
3. About 61 per cent of the total land area of the United States... in farms.
4. Such nutritious products as meat, milk and eggs... very important for our diet because they... rich in animal protein.
5. As the climate of the region... mild the cattle are kept on pasture both in summer and in winter.
Задание №2
Поставьте глагол to have в нужную временную форму
(Present, Past or Future Indefinite) и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. I... (not to have) enough money to buy this seed drill when I was in Moscow and saw it at the exhibition.
2.... you a rich yield of raspberry last year?
3. We usually... a rotation of seven crops in our fields
every year.
4.... you... a new breed of cows in your herd this year?
5. She... a lot of water-melons in her vegetable garden.
6. We... … a new teacher of plant physiology next term.
Задание №3
Вставьте нужный предлог и переведите предложения.
1. Farmers harvest fruits... autumn.
2.1 usually get up... seven o'clock... the morning.
3. Fruits and vegetables are very useful... our health.
4. I shall go... the farm... some weeks.
5. Many different crops grow... the fields... our farm.
6. Last summer I stayed... home.
Задание №4
Поставьте глагол в соответствующем времени.
Переведите предложения.
1. The cultivation of rice (to require) an immense quantity of moisture.
2. Last year we (to get) a high yield of wheat.
3. We (to apply) different fertilizers next year.
Задание №5
Вставьте подходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы и переведите предложения.
1. This tractor driver was too tired - he... not work overtime.
2. The automobile was broken. That's why you... repair its engine.
3. This farm is not profitable. What... I do for improving its income?
4.... we use this very fertilizer for all the crops?
Задание №6
Переведите письменно 3, 4 и 5 абзацы текста на русский язык
What is agriculture?
1. Agriculture is human activity in which people use areas of land to produce food, clothing and other necessary materials.
2. The word "ager" is a Latin word. It means a field. The word "agriculture" means the cultivation of fields and growing crops. But this is the old meaning of this word. Now it also means the use of land to breed animals. At present there are two main branches of agriculture. They are crop growing and animal breeding.
3. We do not know when people began to grow crops. It was many thousand years ago. Now crop growing is a highly developed branch of agriculture.
4. The soil is the basis of agriculture. Enough food for all people can be grown if there is sufficient good soil for crops to produce high yields.
5. There are two ways to grow enough food. They are the increase in area of arable land and the intensification of agricultural production in the areas already used for cropping. At present the second way is more important because there is not enough experience to reclaim tropical and subtropical lands.
6. The intensification of production in the traditional agricultural areas is based on the knowledge of climate, soils and their use, and on a large collection of high-yielding varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops.
7. All intensification factors, such as full mechanization, high application of fertilizers and extensive use of herbicides must be used in such a way as not to disturb the biological equilibrium of the soil.
Задание №7
Ознакомьтесь с содержанием текста и письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What does the word "agriculture" mean?
2. What are the ways to grow enough food?
3. What is the intensification of production based on?
4. In what way must we use all intensification factors?
Задание №8