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Steering System

То guide the car, it is necessary to have some means of turning the front wheels so that the car can be pointed in the direction the driver wants to go. The steering wheel in front of the driver is linked by gears and levers to the front wheels for this purpose. The front wheels are on pivots so they can be swung to the left or right. They are attached by steering knuckle arms to the rods. The tie-rods are, in turn, attached to the pitman arm.

When the steering wheel is turned, gearing in the steering gear assembly causes the pitman arm to turn to the left or right. This move­ment is carried by the tie-rods to the steering knuckle arms, and wheels, musing them to turn to the left or right.

The steering system incorporates: the steering wheel and column, steering gear, pitman arm, steering knuckle arm, front axle, steering knuckle pivot, tie-rods.

There are several different manual steering gears in current use, such as the rack and pinion type and the recirculating ball type. The rack and pinion steering gear is widely used. Another manual steering gear which is popular in imported cars is the worm and sector type.

The steering wheel and column are the source of injury to the driver, air bags and other devices being developed now to safe the life of a driver.

Energy-absorbing columns must stop the steering wheel and col­umn from being pushed to the rear as the front of the car is crushed in an impact.

Energy-absorbing columns must also provide the driver with a tolerable impact as he moves forward and strikes the wheel with his chest.

1.steering wheel - рулевое колесо

2.steering column, steering mast — рулевая колонка

3.steering gear - рулевой механизм

4. steering arm, steering lever, (steering) pitman arm — рулевая сошка

5.steering knuckle — поворотная цапфа, поворотный кулак

6. steering knuckle lever, steering knuckle arm — рычаг поворотного кулака

7. single tie-rod - неразрезная поперечная рулевая тяга

8. steering knuckle lever, steering knuckle arm — рычаг поворотного кулака

9. drag link, steering gear connecting rod, steering drag rod — продольная рулевая тяга

Ex 3. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What mechanism is necessary to guide the car?

2. How is the steering wheel connected to the front wheels?

3. Why can the front wheels be swung to the left or to the right?

4. What does the manual steering system incorporate?

5. What types of manual steering gears in use do you know?

Ex 4. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.То guide the car it is necessary to have some means of turning the front wheels.

2.The steering wheel in front of the driver is linked by gears and levers to the front wheels for turning the car in the direction the driver wants to go.

3.Without using the steering system the car moves only in the direct position.

4.Manufacturers can use rack and pinion type steering gear with­out choosing another type because "rack and pinion" type steer­ing is very dependable.

5.Energy-absorbing columns must stop the steering wheel from being pushed to the rear when the front of the car is damaged in an impact.

Ex 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1.Для управления автомобилем необходима система ру­левого управления.

2.Рулевое управление включает в себя: рулевое колесо и рулевую колонку, зубчатое соединение, рулевую сошку,

рычаги поворотного кулака и шарнирные соединения, рычаги и поперечные тяги.

3.Существуют различные типы рулевых механизмов, а именно: реечно-шестеренчатый тип, механизм с шаровой гайкой, механизм с червяком и сектором.

4.Когда водитель поворачивает руль влево или вправо, то рулевой механизм заставляет рулевую сошку повора­чиваться влево или вправо.

Это движение передается поперечными тягами к рычагам поворотных кулаков и к колесам, заставляя их поворачи­ваться влево или вправо.

Ex 6. Прочтите и переведите диалог.

DIALOGUE

Stas: Look here. I have some troubles with the steering system.

Vlad: What troubles?

S.: The first is excessive free play of the steering wheel.

V.: You should check free play of the steering wheel and steering gear performance.

S.: The second problem is oil leakage from the steering gear case.

V.: Check the steering gear case for oil leakage visually. Anything else?

S.: Sure. It is disadjustment of the steering gear. And I don't know what to do.

V.: You see, in this case it is better for you to go to a repairing shop. Good specialists should do this job.

S.: Thank you very much.

V.: Not at all.

Notes:

look here — послушай;

troubles — неисправности, неполадки;

excessive free play — чрезмерный свободный ход;

check — проверять;

performance — работа, характеристики;

steering gear case — картер коробки передач,

anything else — что еще

in this case — в этом случае.

Задания присылать на почту natalya.nikifirova1968@yandex.ru