Science and the Modern World
Give definitions in English to the words below. Translate them into Russian. Transcribe them.
suspicion
gradually
available
embodiment
is the liking of
embark
colonization
manufacturer
a non-profit research company
to circumvent
estimate
household appliances
blink
akin to
fundamental structure
to collide
accelerator
superconducting
with certainty
Read and translate the text. Subdivide it into logical parts and give the title for each part.
What is Elon Musk.
Comment on the abbreviations. Find them on the Internet if you are not familiar with them.
Science and the Modern World
There was a time when the scientist in Europe was looked upon with fear and suspicion. He was persecuted by the Church and the State. But gradually situation changed. The importance of science in the modern world can scarcely be overestimated. This world depends on science and it now consists of the things that appeared due to science employment. Buildings we live, study and work in, means of transport we use, food we eat, clothes we wear everything is based on the scientific theories, discoveries and inventions. We cannot imagine our lives without such things as cellular phone, a pair of sneakers, toothpaste, computer, medicine, weather forecast etc. The things we use every day are available thanks to science. It’s science that drives the economy and, more pervasively, it’s science that shapes our culture.
Now even fictional characters are working on the popularization of science. What a boy it would not be desirable to become an iron man. And meanwhile this image from comics in the 21st century has a living embodiment - Ilon Mask. He really is the one who changes the world around him. Elon Musk is the co-founder, CEO and Product Architect at Tesla, Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX), OpenAI.
All of Tesla's developments are designed not only to help us in life, but also to prevent terrible environmental disasters. As we all know, no invention of the company needs gasoline or gas, which means that it does not pollute the earth. Such a friendly attitude to the environment was to the liking of the Government of the Netherlands and, more recently, the country has embarked on the path of total abandonment of gasoline powered cars. They are replaced by a part of the taxi to Tesla and in the near future.
Also Tesla developed two energy storage products, the Powerful home battery and the Powerpack industrial-scale battery. In 2016, Tesla acquired Solar City (the the brainchild of Musk), the leading provider of solar power systems in the United States.
Another global and ambitious goal of the Musk is the colonization of Mars. Above this, Elon and his team work in Space X. He oversees the development and manufacturing of advanced rockets and spacecraft for missions to and beyond Earth orbit, with the goal of creating a self-sustaining city on Mars. SpaceX's achievements include the rocket to reach orbit-Falcon 1, spacecraft-Dragon, the first propulsive landing for an orbital rocket (Falcon 9 in 2015); and the first reuse of an orbital rocket (Falcon 9 in 2017).
In a non-profit research company, OpenAI Elon is working on safe artificial intelligence and it's benefits are as many as possible. At present, OpenAI states that "it's hard to fathom how much human-level AI could benefit society," and that it's difficult to comprehend "how much it could damage society if built or used incorrectly".
Previously, Elon co-founded and sold PayPal, the world's leading Internet payment system, and Zip2, one of the first internet maps and directions services.
Speaking about the development of science and its application to the sphere of human life, it is difficult to circumvent the Japanese robotics. The Robotics industry is more important in Japan than any other country in the world. Japan employs over a quarter of a million industrial robot workers. In the next 15 years, Japan estimates that number to jump to over one million and they expect revenue for robotics to be near $ 70 billion by 2025.
And each of us knows such companies as: Sony Corporation, Honda, Toyota, Toshiba, Mitsubishi Electric Automation - Robotics. And in our view, these companies are engaged in the development and sale of household appliances, mobile phones, cars. But not everyone knows that this is one of the leading companies in the development of robots. Advanced development helps these companies stay on the leading positions.
Robots that belong to the following categories: Human Robots, Androids, Guard, Mobility, Rescue, Industrial humanoid robotics, Astronaut, Industrial robotics. The characteristics of robots are progressive, their abilities are enlarged as the technology has progressed. There are humanoid capable to blink, smile or express emotions, akin to anger and surprise, robots designed for games with children, for the comfort of people who do not have enough communication.
For example CB² is the robot learned how to move around the room by using its 51 "muscles". Developments of Japanese scientists surprise, amaze and make it clear that there is no limit to the human mind.
At CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, physicists and engineers are probing the fundamental structure of the universe.
They use the world's largest and most complex scientific instruments to study the basic constituents of matter – the fundamental particles. The particles are made to collide together at close to the speed of light. The process gives the physicists clues about how the particles interact, and provides insights into the fundamental laws of nature.
The instruments used at CERN are purpose-built particle accelerators and detectors. Accelerators boost beams of particles to high energies before the beams are made to collide with each other or with stationary targets. Detectors observe and record the results of these collisions.
The most famous of them The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator. The LHC consists of a 27-kilometre ring of superconducting magnets with a number of accelerating structures to boost the energy of the particles along the way.
The discoveries made at CERN include:
· The discovery of neutral currents using a bubble chamber Gargamel (1973).
· Creation of the first antimatter atoms - antihydrogen atoms in the experiment PS210 (1995).
· The discovery of elementary tetraquark and pentaquark particles (2014 and 2015, respectively).
· But the most famous discovery of recent years, with certainty, can be called the discovery of a new elementary particle of the Higgs boson in 2012.
Give an example of how modern science is changing our world. Discuss in the group the positive and negative aspects of the scientific fact or invention given in the example.