Women today are coming forth in modern social trends. Women are now regularly performing duties that were traditionally assigned to males. They are attempting to fight the continuing stereotype established during the earlier part of the century. The pretty image of the perfect fifties wife is rapidly evolving into a more suitable projection to accommodate their new role in today's society. No more than two generations ago, a girl was expected to abandon her academic pursuits and assume the role of a housewife. She would completely devote herself to the preservation of the female-oriented position of homemaker. As time has progressed, fluctuations in the economy have made it necessary for a woman to obtain a career in order to provide the essential funds to support and maintain a family. The income of one man is no longer enough to provide for a household in such an expensive culture. At the beginning, when women were entering the work force, they have proven that they are every bit as capable and qualified as men, therefore, they deserve equality in the world of spousal relationships.
Д/З: составить топик - краткий пересказ текста «Человек в современном обществе», подготовить презентацию на тему «Роль женщины и мужчины в обществе: тогда и сейчас».
УРОК 8. Здоровье – бесценное богатство. Здоровый образ жизни
To be healthy is very important. You can work, learn and have fun only when you are healthy. Health is the man’s greatest wealth.
People in all times understood how important food is. To be healthy you need vitamins and fibre. You should eat fruit and vegetable. The English say “An apple a day keeps the doctor away”. It is because apples have vitamins and are good for your health. The most important vitamin is vitamin С. You can find it in lemons, oranges and even in cabbage. You can find fibre in plants.
But if you eat fruit and vegetables, it does not mean that you keep to a healthy diet. There are things you should not eat much. They are chocolate, pasta, cakes and sweets. They have much fat and sugar. This food gives a lot of energy. If you do not work it out, it becomes fat in your body.
If you eat sweet and fat food from time to time, you have to exercise regularly.
Маnу peoplе jog, walk or cycle in their free time. Physical exercises help you keep fit, have a good gait and figure. They also help you lose weight and work out energy. It is not good to be as thin as a stick, but extra weight can cause serious problems, such as heart problems and diabetes.
There are a lot of advertisements both on TV and in newspapers of different pills and drops which can help you become slim and slender in two weeks. But I know that to take medication without a doctor’s control is dangerous. Also I know that pills can not work a miracle.
There are also some bad habits, which can ruin your health. They are smoking, drinking alcohol and using drugs. My parents do not smoke, and I do not smoke, either. I think these bad habits ruin health and show your weak character. Nowadays it becomes more and more popular to be healthy and slim. Yet everyone has to decide what he can do to be healthy. What do you do?
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Keeping Fit
Good health is not something we are able to buy at the chemist’ and we can’t depend on getting it back with a quick visit to the doctor when we are ill, either. We often ruin our health by poor diet, stress, bad working environment and carelessness. By keeping fit, changing bad habits or the surrounding conditions we can make our body last without major problems. And what are the ways to keep fit?
First of all you must miss no chance of outdoor activities as an antidote to our sedentary lives. Skating or skiing in winter and swimming in summer must become part of your everyday life.
Second, exercise. You must exercise whenever you can – in the morning or in the evening. Third, regular meals are a must if you want to keep fit. Try to avoid going without any food for hours.
Nowadays, health specialists promote the idea of wellness for everybody. Wellness means achieving the best possible health within the limits of your body. One person may need fewer calories than another. Some people might prefer a lot easier exercise to more strenuous exercise.
The English people have become very concerned about their health recently. In fact, fitness has become almost a national obsession. In large cities and towns alike people jog regularly, join sports teams and going to health clubs and Fitness Centers to work out.
Д/З: составьте топик - пересказ текста «Здоровье- бесценное богатство». Прочитайте текст и письменно дайте совет пациенту:
«George Smith smokes 40 cigarettes a day. He gets up late every morning, and drives to a café in the next street. He has a big breakfast and takes three spoons of sugar in his tea. Then he drives to the pub, and has 3 or 4 pints of beer before a big lunch. He never has any fruit after his lunch, because he prefers to have cake or sweets. The only exercise he gets is when he walks upstairs for his afternoon sleep. Later, he has a few more pints of beer and a big dinner, and then he watches television till midnight. At 2.00 he goes to bed, has a few last cigarettes, and goes to sleep with all his windows closed.»
УРОК 9. Вредные привычки – угроза здоровью.
Trying to stop bad habits is a big challenge for many people. They engage in their bad habits for a reason, and that reason does not just go away because the person chooses to stop his bad habits. Whether a bad habit is biting fingernails, being consistently late, or overeating--stopping bad habits is hard to do. Learn how to effectively stop bad habits. Identify the bad habits you want to stop. Often people who engage in bad habits live in denial that they even have any bad habits. People can become quite effective in fooling themselves into believing that they do not have a problem when they actually do. Until you acknowledge that you are engaging in bad habits, you will be powerless to stop bad habits.
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1. Figure out why you engage in bad habits. People do not do things repeatedly unless the bad habits are working for them at some level. For example, the person who consistently overeats might be "stuffing down" pain. The person who bites her fingernails might be relieving anxiety. Understanding what you are getting out of the bad habits is the key to stopping them.
2. Choose an alternative behavior that is less "bad." If you try to use will power to stop bad habits, you are very likely to return to them. This is because your habits are meeting a need. Instead, choose an alternative behavior that can meet the same need. For example, if you overeat to "stuff down" emotional pain, try talking about your feelings instead. Write down your feelings in a journal or talk with a friend about your pain. If you bite your fingernails to relieve anxiety, try doing yoga or going for a walk to calm yourself whenever you feel the urge to bite your fingernails.
3. Engage in the alternative behavior first. Once you have chosen an alternative behavior, you need to begin building your confidence in that behavior's ability to meet your needs. Whenever you get the urge to engage in the bad habits, try the alternative method first. Give yourself fifteen minutes of using the new method before you engage in your bad habits again.
4. Allow the occasional indulgence in your old habits. If fifteen minutes of using the alternative method does not meet the need, then allow yourself to engage in your bad habits one time with no guilt. By doing this, you are reassuring yourself that your needs will be met. Then, the next time the need arises, you will be less likely to lean on the bad habit because you know that you are not depriving yourself of anything.
5. Celebrate your progress along the way. Every choice you make toward stopping bad habits is worth celebrating.Give yourself lots of positive encouragement for each step you take toward stopping bad habits.
Tips & Warnings
1. When you have a relapse, do not heap guilt on top of your other bad feelings. Appreciate that it takes time to stop bad habits, and give yourself permission to have a few relapses.
2. Be patient with your progress..
3. A good therapist can help you work through the underlying issues that are driving your habits. If your bad habits are serious, such as substance abuse or self-injury, consider talking with a qualified therapist about your issues.
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4. It is never okay to harm another person as part of your bad habits.
Д/З: составить топик и подготовить презентацию на тему «Вредные привычки и как с ними бороться».
УРОК 10. Спорт в нашей жизни.
Sport is very important in our life. It is popular among young and old people. Many people do morning exercises, jog in the morning, train them self’s in clubs and different sections. Other people like sport too; they only watch sports game on TV and listen the sports news. Whey prefers reading interesting stories about sports men but they do not go in for sports. Physical training is an important subject in school. Pupils have physical training twice a week. Boys and girls play volleyball and basketball at the lessons. There is a sport ground near our school and school children go in for sports in the open air. A lot of different competitions are held at school. A great number of pupils take part in them. All participants try to get good results and become winner. Sport helps people to keep in good health. If you go in for sports you don’t catch cold. Children and grown-ups must take care of they health and do morning exercises regularly. There are some popular kinds of sport in our country: football, volleyball, hockey, gymnastics, skiing and other. Athletic is one of the most popular kinds of sport. It includes running, jamming and others.
Many people all over the world are interested in sport. Sport helps people to stay healthy and makes them more organized and better disciplined in their daily activities.
They have always paid great attention to sport in our schools, colleges and universities. You can hardly find a school without a gym or a sportsground. Every city and town has a few stadiums or swimming pools, where local or even international competitions are usually held. Traditionally, sport could be divided into professional and amateur sport.
The Olympic Games have long history. They started in 776 ВС in Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia to compete in the Games. When the Games took place, all the wars stopped. So, the Olympic Games became the symbol of peace and friendship.
Now, there are Summer and Winter Olympic Games. They are held separately. There are always several cities wishing to host the Games. The International Committee of Olympic Games selects the most suitable. After that, the host city starts its preparations for the competitions, constructs new sport facilities, or reconstructs them, reconstructs stadiums, hotels, press centres, etc. Thousand of athletes, journalists and guests arrive to the Games, and it takes great efforts to arrange everything.
Д/З: составить топик на тему «Спорт в моей жизни. Мой любимый вид спорта», опираясь на текст.
УРОК 11-12. Место, где я живу.
There are different places where people live in. They are a city, a town and a village.
1. It is a place where some hundred people live. There is a museum, two theatres, a cinema and many shops there. The houses have not more than ten floors.
2. It is a place with separate houses. The houses have one or two floors. The place usually has one or two streets. Each house has got a garden.
3. It is a place where many thousand people live. There are many museums, galleries, theatres, big supermarkets and cars. The houses are very high and have many floors.
Text A. We live in Greentown. Our town is not very large, but it is nice. There are buses and cars in the streets. We live at 78, Central Street. Our street is long and there are many trees in it. In spring and in summer the trees are green.
There is a garden in front of our house. In the garden there are trees,
and red, blue and yellow flowers. I like the garden. In the evening I go to the garden, sit on a bench and read a book.
In the afternoon after classes I play with my friends in our yard. Our yard is very large. My friends live in Central Street too, but they do not live in our house. Our house is Number 78, my friends live at Number 82.
Dima lives in a village near Voronezh. His village is large, there are many streets in the village. In the streets you can see cars and buses.
There is a farm in the village. The farm has many cows, pigs and sheep. The farmers go to work in the fields or on the farms by car or by bus.
The farmers live in new houses. Near the houses you can see gardens. There are many flowers in the gardens. They are red, white, yellow and blue.
Dima goes to the village school. He is in the sixth form. He is a good student. He helps his father and mother.
Dima's parents are farmers, they work in the fields. Their farm is very good.
Text B. My home town
I was born in a small town where my granny lived. But a few years later my parents decided to move to another place because they got jobs there. So, now I live in a wonderful town of Kamenets-Podolskyi, which is located in Khmelnitsky region and is very famous among Ukrainians. The population of the town is approximately 120,000 inhabitants.
The town is divided into several parts but the main division may be as follows: the new town and the old town. All the historical monuments, memorials and
museums are concentrated in the old town where you can meet tourists from all over the world. Different concerts and international festivals are held here. However, the main tourist attraction is the large fortress, which, according to the historical records, was founded in the 11th century as a defensive fort by Cossacks. This fortress has become a great tourist attraction of my town.
The new part of the town is quite modern and busy. The streets are full of
people; the roads are full of cars as in any other town or city. It is the place where you can easily find lots of cafes, restaurants and hotels.
In general, the town is highly industrially developed. There are a lot of plants and factories. At the same time it is a student town due to many educational establishments and schools. In addition, if you like to do outdoor activities or relax in the nature, there are a lot of parks and gardens, which, by the way, make the town look green and fresh. I am sure that people of ages can find what to do in Kamenets-Podilskyi because there is a lot of entertainment there, which varies from disco clubs and cinemas to art galleries and libraries. This is the town of contrasts where the past is tightly connected with the present. I am really glad that I am its citizen.
Д/З: составьте топик на тему «Мой родной город.» или «Город, в котором я живу», пользуясь информацией из текстов А и В.
УРОК 13. Инфраструктура города и деревни.
If you had a choice where to live – in a big city or in a small town – what would you prefer? A big city has lots of advantages as well as disadvantages. In a city there are many places to visit: theatres, cinemas, galleries, places of interest, clubs, supermarkets and many others. You won’t find all that in a small town, but it’s a lot quieter and cleaner there.
City dwellers live under constant thread. The crime rate in most big cities is very high. Houses are burgled, people are afraid of going out at night. All this, of course, exists in small towns, but not in such awful extend.
In a big city streets are crowded. It takes ages to get to work. Besides traffic jams, you feel uncomfortable in transport full of people.
Any city has a great number of problems. For example, constant noise which influences a nervous system. The state of air and water may cause health problems. City-dwellers have to lead an unnatural way of live, sometimes very stressful. They lose touch with nature. Such simple things as sunshine and fresh air are a premium. Tall buildings block the sum. Traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere.
But in spite of that it’s wrong to say that living in a city is bad. If you are an active person, always looking for opportunities and something new, you should be a city-dweller. City-life is fast, but very exciting. Good schools, universities and other educational centers are situated in cities. You won’t find all the needed information in the Internet, but you can find the right places and people in a city.
A lot of goods of all range can be bought in a city, not in a town or a village. If your aim is to make a career, and not just be a calm gardener or something of that kind, you must go to the city. If you are social and like to meet new people, you can easily do it in a city. City never sleeps, at night you can relax and spend a great time in dozens (or even hundreds) of cafes, restaurants and nightclubs.
What’s more important – advantages or disadvantages of living in a big city – it’s for you to decide. As well as it’s for you to decide, where to live – in a city or in the village.
Д/З: составить топик и презентацию на тему «Жизнь в городе и в деревне: плюсы и минусы».
УРОК 14-15. Природа, окружающий мир. Человек и природа.
Many people like to live in cities. They like big houses, busy streets and cars. But they also love nature. During their vacations they go to the woods, to the seaside or spend a good time in the country. They like to watch animals, birds in the forest or in the fields.
One of the most serious problems is air pollution. More and more factories cars and lorries add their bad breath to the air.
1. We must keep the country tide.
2. We must grow flowers and trees.
3. We must leave wild flowers for others to enjoy.
4. We must protect our nature.
5. We must take care of birds and animals.
6. We must respect the life and work of the countryside.
7. We must put litter in the special bin.
8. We must recycle newspapers, bottles and metal cans.
9. We must feed birds in winter.
10. 2. We should not throw trash in the streets or parks.
11. A lot of trash can be recycled.
12. We must not make fire in the forest.
13. We must not damage trees.
14. We must not kill birds and animals
15. We must not leave litter in the forest.
16. We must not throwing rubbish into the river.