St. – Petersburg is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. In Russia St. – Petersburg is the second largest city after Moscow. It lies on either side of the Neva and on the coast of Gulf of Finland. It is situated in the north-west corner of Russia.
The city - St. – Petersburg – Petrograd – Leningrad - St. – Petersburg is over two-and-a half centures old. It was founded by Peter I in 1703 and from 1712 up to 1918 it was the capital of Russia.
St. – Petersburg has always been one of the finest cities in the world. Its straight and broad streets, large squares, magnificent arhitectural ensembles, granite embankments, wonderful historical and cultural memorials evoke the admiration of all visitors. The magnificent buildings of the Winter Palace, the Admiralty, the Kazan and St. Isaac`s Cathedral are masterpieces of world architecture.
On the right bank of the Neva one can see the Peter-and-Paul Fortress. From the end of the 18-th century the fortress served as a political prison. Among the prisoners were the leaders of the Decembrist Uprising: Alexander Ulyanov and the writers N. Chernishevsky, F. Dostoyevsky and M. Gorky. In 1922 it was opened as a historical and arhitectural museum.
On the left bank of the Neva one can see the majestic panorama of Palace Square – the central square of
St. – Petersburg. It is the largest and the most beautiful square in the city. It is famous for its marvellous architectural ensemble. There stands the Winter Palace, the former residence of the Russian tsars. It was built by Rastrelly in the 18-th century. After the revolution it became part of the Hermitage, one of the world`s biggest museum. It contains a large collection of European paintings, antique sculptures and many other articles.
The main street of St.- Petersburg is Nevsky Prospect. All kinds of shops, hotels, cafes, restaurants, cinemas and theatres are situated in this street and just off it. It begins at the Admiralty and ends at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, covering 4,5 km.
A lot of things attract your attention on Nevsky Prospect: the Kazan Cathedral built by Voronikhin, the statues of Field-Marshals Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly designed by the sculptor Orlovsky. On the other side is Art Square, with a magnificent building of the Russian Museum built by Rossi. Here the best works by Russian and Soviet painters and sculptors are on display. In the middle of the Square is a monument to Pushkin desined by Anikushin.
The pride of St.-Petersburg is its underground. It is not less beautiful than the Moskow underground which is know as the best in the world.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Вариант 4 (Tallinn)
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - S - и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:
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а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Tallinn exports a great variety of goods.
2. Last month my friend read a very interesting book on Tallinn’s history.
3. The inhabitants of Tallinn are fond of their city.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным
1. The students of our group will go to the State History Museum tomorrow.
2. This is the building of the Tallinn City Soviet.
3. Teams of figure skaters and ice-hockey players undergo intensive training at the Sports Centre of Tallinn.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык
1. Kadriorg is one of the most favourite parks of the Tallinners.
2. The more I thought of the plan, the less I liked it.
3. Your translation is better than mine.
IV.Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. Some 350 people attend a yachting school in Tallinn.
2. Does he know any foreign language?
3. Any exhibit of this museum is valuable.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов, укажитеих инфинитив и переведите на русский язык:
1.. One of Tallinn’s farmacies functions for more than 550 years.
2. The construction of the Tallinn Town Hall began in the first decades of the 14th century.
3. In two years my brother will become an engineer
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й и 2-й абзацы текста.
TALLINN
1. Tallinn is the capital of Estonia. It is an industrial town. Half of all the industrial products of the republic comes from Tallinn’s enterprises. They produce a great variety of articles such as electric motors, electrotechnical equipment, furniture, skis, toys, fabrics, perfumes, drugs, sweets, tinned food,etc. The industrial output of Tallinn’s enterprises increases steadily. This increase is the result of high labour productivity due to mechanization, automation and the application of modern technology.
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2. Tallinn is an old city. The earliest finds from the site of Tallinn’s oldest part, the present Old Town, date from the 12th century. The city retains many features of its architecture and landscape and its cosy atmosphere. The streets of the Old Town are narrow, the buildings are ancient, many of them date back to the 15th century. Nowadays they have all modern conveniences and house museums, theatres, shops and restaurants. The Old Town is the seat of the republic’s government, several Ministries and the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences. The area of the Old Town makes up less than one per cent pf Tallinn’s territory.
3. Thousands of Tallinn’s residents live in new districts. Each of them have attractions of its own: one district borders on thick pine groves, another faces a lake, a third offers a magnificent view on the Gulf of Finland. The district of Mustamae is one of the youngest in the city. Almost a quarter of Tallinn’s population resides in the district. At Mustamae there are two institutes: the Tallinn Politechnical Institute and the Chemistry Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Estonia. There are also numerous schoolhouses, kindergartens and service centres there.
4. Tallinn has Europe’s Gold Medal for preservation of architectural relicts. Perhaps no other city of Northern Europe preserves the beauty of its past so lovingly. With its charming mixture of the old and the new Tallinn creates an unforgettable impression.
VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к немую Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
Why does Tallinn create an unforgettable impression?
1. ……because the tempo of its construction is great
2……..because it is a major industrial centre
3…… because it charmingly combines the old and the new.…
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Вариант 5 (Sevastopol)
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - S - и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:
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а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. The lecturer gave several examples of the Sevastopol scientists’ international ties.
2. The foundation of Sevastopol dates back to 1783.
3. The author mentions this phenomenon in his article.
II.Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным:
1. His father was one of the leaders of the partisan movement during the World War II.
2. The reporter spoke about the fulfillment of the Food Program in the region.
3. Not long ago our family moved into a large three-room flat.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык:
1 The more I studied the English language, the more I liked it.
2. My friend is one of the best students of our group.
3. This room is smaller than that one.
IV. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений:
1. No student of that group got bad marks for the examination.
2. Some five hundred people were present at the meeting.
3. Have you any books on chemistry?
V.Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов, укажите
их инфинитив и переведите на русский язык:
1. The dean will come here later.
2. The student made no mistakes in his translation.
3. Plasma is the fourth state of matter.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:
SEVASTOPOL
1. In translation from the Greek Sevastopol means “a magnificent city’, “ a city of glory”. That is really so. Sevastopol’s history has many glorious chapters. Everybody knows about the defence of Sevastopol during the Crimean war (1853-1865). The sailors, soldiers and the entire population fought against the enemies. Lev Tolstoy wrote about it in his “Sevastopol sketches”
2. We know and remember the defence of Sevastopol in the Geat of Patriotic War. For 250 days the city engaged in combats. It cost the nazi invaders 300.000 offices and men.
3. After the facist invasion Sevastopol was in ruins. There were only a few buildings in the centre of the city. Today Sevastopol stretches for doze of kilometers.
4. Sevastopol is a naval city. Its yards build passenger ships and repair merchant vessels. They build powerful floating cranes as well.
5. Sevastopol is also a research centre. Scietists of the country’s oldest Institute of Biology of Southern Seas investigate the World Ocean. They have modern expeditionary ships at their disposal.
6. A museum city is yet another name of Sevastopol. Monuments of culture, memorials, obelisks, and sculptural groups form an organic part of its image.
7. There is an entry in the visitors’ book of the Panorama of the 18854-1855 defence of Sevastopol: “Malakhov Hill is a small hill, but what a good view opens from it of Russia, the entire history of its people and their heroic exploit.
VII. Прочтите 7-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
What is the entry in the visitors’ book of the Panorama of the 1854-1855 defence of Sevastopol?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Вариант 6 (Novopolotsk)
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - S - и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. The Novopolotsk chemical works produces polyethylene and nitron.
2. A well-known scientist works at this plant.
3. The workers’ hostel is within 20 minutes’ walk from the plant.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным:
1. Novopolotsk is a young people town.
2. We have a large State Library in our city.
3. The scientists developed new synthetic rubber product.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык:
1. The average age of the Novopolotsk inhabitants is the youngest in Byelorussia.
2. The more often you visit Novopolotsk, the more you like it.
3. Automatic devices make labour safer and easier.
IV. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений:
1. We saw no old buildings in Novopolotsk.
2. Almost any building of Novopolotsk is attractive.
3. There are some educational institutions in Novopolotsk.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив и переведите на русский язык:
1. The Novoplotsk Polytechnical Institute is more than ten years old.
2. Novopolotsk came into existence as a town of chemistry.
3. The young town of Byelorussian oil chemists grows from day to day.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Novopolotsk
1. Novopolotsk is one of the youngest towns of Byelorussian Republic. It is on the Dvina river. It comes into existence as a town of chemistry. There are four large industrial enterprises here: the chemical works “Polymir”, the vitamine works, the measuring device plant and the refinery. Thousands of workers work at these plants. Many of them combine work and study. The population of the town constantly increases. It is a town of young people.
2. The construction of Novopolotsk and its unique industrial complex became a vivid example of the great friendship of the people of our country. A large number of workers and specialists came from all parts of our country.
3. The town becomes larger from year to year. The gigantic cranes all over the town are an evidence of the huge scale of constraction in Novopolotsk. The town is quite modern with its beautiful five- and nine – storey buildings, numerouse kindergartens, cinemas, restaurants and Palaces of Culture. It is clean and attractive with is wide streets and parks. There are many shops, a number of libraries, a lockal museum and some hotels.
4. The majority of young people in Novopolotsk studies. Ther are many secondary schools., vocational and technical schools. And a politechnical Institute in Novopolotsk.
The Novopolotsk Politechnical Institute is more than ten years old.
5. Many of the citizens go in for sports. There are several swimming pools., and more than seventy sporting grounds at the disposals of those who are fond of sports. The inhabitants of the town have every possibility to have a nice rest. They can walk in the forest, swim and fish in te rever, or wander near picturesque lake. There is a new park on the bank of the Dvina river.
VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и вопросы к немую. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
Where is there a new park in Novopolotsk?
1. It is in the centre of the town.
2. It is near the picturesque lake.
3. It is not far from the rive
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Вариант 7 (Volgograd)
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - S - и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1.The first mention of the city on the Volga dates back to 1589.
2. The doors of the Volgograd Young People’s Theatre are always open to children of school age.
3. Both Russian and foreign artists take part in the performances of the Volgograd Circus.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным:
1. During its four-century -old history the city experienced several dramatic events.
2. Volgograd now is a five-sea port.
3. The 40-meter-high arch is the entrance to the Volga-Don Navigation Canal rises in the south of Volgograd.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык:
1. The Volga Hydro-Electric Power Station is the biggest in Europe.
2. The more experiments were carried out, the more data we obtained.
3. Volgograd is one of the most beautiful cities of our country.
IV. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений:
1. Any monument in Volgograd has its own history.
2. Nobody knew anything about this experiment.
3. The names of some streets and squares are living history of the heroic city.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов, укажите
их инфинитив и переведите на русский язык:
1. Volgograd rose from its ashes more beautiful than before.
2. The entire country took art in the restoration of the hero-city.
3. The beautiful modern city of Volgograd is the best monument to the heroes who defended the city on the Volga during the Great Patriotic War.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы текста
Пояснения к тексту
1. railway terminal – железнодорожный вокзал
2. age-long dream - вековая мечта
3. vocational school – ПТУ
VOLGOGRAD
1. Volgograd stands on the beautiful Volga. The town is about four hundred years old. The rapid development of industry and trade, river and railway transport in the 19th century led to the intensive growth of the city. During the Civil War of 1918-1920 the city on the Volga became the scene of decisive battles in the fight for the victory of Revolution in our country. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 earned the city the immortal glory of a hero-city.
2. The entire country participated in the restoration of the hero-city. The heroic labour of millions of people helped the city to rise from its ashes. And the best monument to the heroes who defended the city on the Volga is the beautiful modern city, wide squares and prospects, its parks and gardens. The city grows from year to year.
3. Today Volgograd is one of the biggest industrial centers: many industrial enterprises, large and small, function here. An endless stream of steel, aluminium, oil and steel cables, tractors, medical equipment and building materials, river boats and chemical products flows day and night from the ports and railway terminals of Volgograd to all corners of our country and abroad.
4. The Volga Hydro-Electric Power Station is the biggest in Europe. The total capacity of its aggregates exceeds 2,5 million kilowatts. The opening of the Volga-Don Navigation Canal named after V.I.Lenin meant the realization of an age-long dream of the people to join two great rivers- the Volga and the Don. Volgograd now is a port of five seas.
5. Volgograd is also a cultural center.There are higher and secondary educational institutions, a lot of vocational schools and schools of general education. Many foreign students from the countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America live and study in Volgograd. There are some theatres, a Circus and a planetarium in the city.
VII.Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
Who studies in the educational institutions of Volgograd?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Вариант 8 (Washington)
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - S - и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Members of the Congress discuss the nation’s affairs.
2. The U.S. President lives and works in the White HOUSE.
3. There are five universities in Washington.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным:
1. It is the world’s largest one-industry city.
2. People from all parts of the country come to see the United States capital.
3. The Capitol contains paintings and statutes collections.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык:
1. The library of Congress is the largest library in the U.S.
2. There are the most impressive and the best-known memorials and monuments.
3. The sooner you come, the better is for you.
IV. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений
1. No building in the city may be more than 4 meters tall.
2. There are some important museums in Washington.
3. Any park or square has a monument of a memorial.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив и переведите на русский язык:
1. The U.S. President works in the Oval Office.
2. It was easy to get lost in that huge building.
3. Since 1800 it has been the Federal capital.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 и 6-й абзацы текста
WASHINGTON, D.C
Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is situated in the District
of Columbia and is like no other city of the USA. It's the world's largest one-
industry city. And that industry is government. The White House, where the US President
lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress, and the Supreme Court,
are all in Washington. v
Washington was named after the first US President George Washington. He selected the place for the capital and Pierre L’Enfant, a French engineer, designed the city.
Washington was first settled in 1790 and since 1800 it has been the Federal capital.
Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the United States. In the very centre of it rises the huge dome of the Capitol — a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation's affairs. It's easy to get lost in this huge building, full of paintings and statues.
Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress, the largest library in the States. It contains more than 13 million books, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US presidents.
The White House is the official residence of the US President. He works in the Oval Office.
One can hardly find a park, a square or an open area in Washington without a monument or a memorial. The most impressive and the best-known ones are the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.
There are some important museums in Washington where you can see all kinds of things: famous paintings and sculptures, the dresses of Presidents' wives, the original of the Declaration of Independence, the largest blue diamond in the world, etc.
There are 5 universities in Washington.
There are no skyscrapers in Washington, because they would hide the city's many monuments from view. No building in the city may be more than 40 metres tall.
Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day. People from all parts of the United States come to see their capital.
VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Прочитайте 10-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
Why aren’t there any skyscrapers in Washington?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Вариант 9 (Moscow)
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - S - и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. The St.Basil’s Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) is a masterpiece of ancient Russian architecture.
2. There are over 80 higher educational institutions.
3. Moscow lies on two banks of the Moscow river.
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II.Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным
1. One of the largest museums is the State Tretyakov Gallery.
2. Komsomolskaya- is the three rail-way stations square.
3. Drama theatres and studios are very popular.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык:
1. Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe.
2. Gradually, the city became more and more powerful.
3. The earlier we get up, the more we can do.
IV. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений:
1. It has more historic associations than any other place in Moscow.
2. You must ask somebody to help you in this work.
3. I had nothing to tell them.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив и переведите на русский язык:
1. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow’s history.
2. In the 16th century Moscow became the capital of the new united state.
3. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (Duma).
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы
MOSCOW
Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow's history. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state. Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg in 1712. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again.
Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometres (ancient Moscow occupied the territory of the present-day Kremlin). The population of the city is over 8 million.
Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It has more historic associations than any other place in Moscow. The Kremlin and St Basil's Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace of Congresses, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St Basil's Cathedral was built in the mid-16th century in memory of the victory over Kazan.
There are more than 80 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others.
Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.
Moscow is a city of students. There are over 80 higher educational institutions in it, including several universities.
Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the centre of political life of the country.
VII Письменно ответьте на вопрос:
What is your favorite place in Moscow?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Вариант 10 (Minsk)
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - S - и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. является ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения).
Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Minsk occupies an area of 200 square kilometers.
2. The cultural life of Belarus’s capital is varied and interesting.
3. The citizens of Minsk are proud of their city.
II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным:
1. It is also a big traffic centre.
2. There is a number of concert halls in Minsk.
3. One of the famous ones is the Yanka Kupala State Academic Theatre.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, переведите их на русский язык:
1. Minsk is one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in the republic.
2. Health is better than wealth.
3. The longer is the night, the shorter is the day.
IV. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений
1. The city is beautiful at any time of the year.
2. In Minsk there are some dozens of cinemas.
3. I know nothing about the history of the city.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо - временные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив и переведите на русский язык:
1. The city of Minsk came into existence more than 900 years ago.
2. The city derives its name from the word < mena >
3. It has developed into an industrial centre.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 4, 5, 6 и 7-й абзацы.
MINSK
Minsk is the capital of the Republic of Belarus, its political, economic, scientific and cultural centre. It is one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in our republic.
Minsk is situated on the river Svisloch and occupies an area of 200 square kilometres. Its population is about 1,8 million.
During the Great Patriotic War Minsk was destroyed by German invaders almost completely. In post-war years the city was rebuilt anew. Modern Minsk is a city of numerous plants and factories, modern buildings, tree-lined streets, beautiful parks and gardens. It is also a big traffic centre with a large network of railways, roads, airlines and two Metro lines.
Minsk has a highly developed industry. There are hundreds of industrial enterprises in the city which produce tractors and automobiles, motor-cycles and bicycles, TV-sets and radio-sets, watches and refrigerators, electronic computers, textile, footwear, food and other goods. Our Belarus tractors and MAZ trucks enjoy a high reputation both in our country and abroad.
Minsk is also known as a city of science and students. There is the Academy of Sciences and 16 state higher educational establishments there, the biggest of which are the University and the Polytechnical Academy.
The cultural life of the people in the Belarusian capital is varied and interesting. In Minsk there are 6 theatres, a number of concert halls, a circus, dozens of cinemas, many palaces of culture, libraries and clubs. The most famous theatres are the Opera and Ballet Theatre, the Yanka Kupala State Academic Theatre, the Gorky Russian Drama Theatre.
Among the most interesting museums one can mention the Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War, the Art Museum and Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas museums.
Minsk is a Hero-City. It was honoured with the title in 1974 for outstanding courage and heroism during the Great Patriotic War.
The citizens of Minsk are proud of their city. It is beautiful at any time of the year. A lot of tourists from our country and abroad come to Minsk to see its sights.
VII. Прочитайте 5-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
When was Minsk awarded the title of the Hero-City and what for?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2
Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:
1. Видо-временные формы глагола:
а) активный залог Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);
б) пассивный залог - формы Indefinite и Perfect (Present, Past, Future), Continuous (Present, Past). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
2. Модальные глаголы:
а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may и их эквиваленты - to be able, to be allowed;
б) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: must и его эквиваленты have to, be to, should, ought to.
3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I и Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Герундий, его простые формы.
4. Интернациональные слова.
Вопросы для самоконтроля
1. Как образуется страдательный залог времен группы Indefinite? Назовите три способа перевода на русский язык предложений со сказуемым в страдательном залоге.
2. Как образуются времена группы Continuous в действительном и страдательном залоге?
3. Как образуются времена группы Perfect в действительном и страдательном залоге?
4. Какие значения имеют модальные глаголы can, may, must?
5. Какие эквиваленты модальных глаголов вы знаете?
6. Какие глаголы выражают долженствование?
7. Как образуется Participle I? Какие функции выполняет в предложениях и как переводится на русский язык?
8. Как образуется Participle II? Какие функции выполняет в предложениях и как переводится на русский язык?
9. Как образуется герундий? Какие функции выполняет в предложении и как переводится на русский язык? Какие характерные признаки имеет герундий в отличие от причастия (Participle I)?
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К ЗАДАНИЮ №1)
а) Lobachevsky's geometry had revolutionized mathematics and the philosophy of science. Геометрия Лобачевского произвела коренное изменение в математике и философии науки, had revolutionized - Past perfect Active от глагола to revolutionize.
б) The new laboratory equipment was sent for yesterday. Вчера послали за новым лабораторным оборудованием. was sent for - Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to send.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 2 (К ЗАДАНИЮ №3)
1. When heated to boiling point water evaporates. Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она испаряется, (when) heated -Prticiple II, обстоятельство.
2. Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth. Тепло излучается Солнцем на Землю.
(is) radiated - Participle II, составная часть сказуемого в Present Indefinite.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2
Вариант 1
1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. Students were reading some papers when I left. 2. They used the tower of London as a prison.
б) 1. The University of Cambridge was founded in the 12th century. 2. The house is being built in our street.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) You may take any magazine from our library.
2) An individual cannot satisfy all his wants, but must choose between one thing or another.
3) A number of problems were to be solved.
4) I have to get up early as I live far from my office.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, являются ли определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) Being busy he refused the invitation.
2) This is the book so much spoken about.
3) She was walking slowly, stopping sometimes to have a rest.
4) The letter lying on tile table must be posted.
4. Укажите номера предложений, в которых слова с окончанием -ing являются герундием.
1) Explaining that material took her much time.
2) Explaining that law he used most up-to-date material.
3) They couldn't solve that problem without studying that relationship.
4) The scientist conducting that experiment is wildly know.
5) Прочитайте и переведите текст (письменно). Ответьте на вопросы к тексту (письменно).
Mikhail Lomonosov
Mikhail Lomonosov was born in 1711 in the family of a fisherman in the northern coastal village of Denisovka not far from Archangelsk. When he was ten years of age his father began to take him sea fishing. The dangerous life of a fisherman taught him to observe the natural phenomena more closely. During the long winter nights young Lomonosov studied his letters, grammar and arithmetic diligently.
Being the son of a peasant, he was refiised admission to the local school. After some years, through concealing his peasant origin, he gained admission to the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy and for five years lived a hand-to-mouth existence on three kopecks a day. The noblemen's sons studying with him made fim of the twenty-year-old giant who, in spite of the years and his own poverty, made rapid progress.
After five years came the chance of entering the Academy of Sciences, as there were not enough noble-born students to fill the quota. His ability and diligence attracted the attention of the professors and as one of three best students he was sent abroad. He spent all the time there studying the works of leading European scientists in chemistry, metallurgy, mining and mathematics. On his return to Russia in 1745 he was made a professor and was the first Russian scientist to become a member of the Academy of Sciences.
For versatility Lomonosov has no equal in Russian science. Many of his ideas and discoveries only won recognition in the nineteenth century. He was the first to discover the vegetable origin of coal, for instance, and as a poet and scientist he played a great role in the formation of the Russian literary language, eliminating distortions and unnecessary foreign words. He died in 1765. His living memorial is the Moscow University, which he founded in 1755.
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What kind of family was Lomonosov born in?
2. What kind of childhood had he?
3. How did he gain admission to the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy?
4. What kind of existence did he live during his studies?
5. Why was he able to enter the Academy of Sciences?
6. What part did Lomonosov play in science?