Guide to Science Unit 20
Applied Mathematics
I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words .
1. adjustment
2. comprehensible
3. knowledgeable
4. mathematician
5. approximate
6. variety
7. interpret
8. simplify
9. sequence
10. complexity
II. Find the English equivalents to the Russian words and phrases.
| смежные области жизнедеятельности | related areas of vital activity |
| многочисленные способы | numerous ways |
| описание задачи в математических терминах | description of the problem in mathematical terms |
| точные решения | exact solutions |
| приблизительные решения | approximate decisions |
| получить | receive |
| уточнять, улучшать | refine |
| понятные термины | clear terms |
| регулировка, настройка | adjustment |
| окончательное решение задач | final problem solving |
| обладать знаниями в узких/специальных областях | have knowledge in narrow / special areas |
| подходящие/соответствующие модели | matching / matching models |
| создать модель | create a model |
| объяснить модель | explain the model |
| таким образом | in this way |
| включить/ исключить определенные факторы | include / exclude certain factors |
| последовательность моделей нарастающей сложности | sequence of models of increasing complexity |
| вовлекать | involve |
III. Match the synonyms.
| Available present | to be confronted with, come across, meet, encounter |
| to be faced with to be confronted with, come across, meet, encounter | to leave out |
| to refine to improve | to occur |
| to be well trained in to have a good education in | to improve |
| Application use, utilization, employment | for that reason, consequently |
| to devise to design | present |
| to exclude to leave out | understandable |
| to enable to allow, permit | to attain, gain, reach |
| to arise (arose, arisen) to occur | to allow, permit |
| to obtain to attain, gain, reach | use, utilization, employment |
| Therefore for that reason, consequently | to have a good education in |
| Comprehensible understandable | to design |
IV. Fill in the prepositions if necessary.
1.Applied mathematics is used to provide us______necessary answers and solutions.
2. In numerical analysis, engineering and programming applied mathematics takes problems _____ real life.
3. Applied mathematicians must be well trained_______a range______mathematical areas.
4. What is the difference ______ an expert and a clever Dick? The first is very knowledgeable_____or skilful______a particular area, the latter is irritatingly and ostentatiously knowledgeable or intelligent.
5. Science is now enabling us to make more informed choices______how we use common medicine.
6. The modelling process involves sequence ______ models _____ increasing complexity.
7. There is a great demand _____ applied mathematicians_____the modern world.
8. Written down, algebra differs ____ arithmetic_____the operators it uses.
9. Matrices can be added, multiplied, and decomposed _____ different ways.
10. If you transpose something from one place or situation ______ another, you move it there.
11. People have always been faced______a lot _____ practical problems.
V. Insert the suitable words into the sentences transforming those given in brackets.
1. Use the latest (achieve) in your research.
2. The teacher wanted the student to follow the procedure of (integer) calculus.
3. (Method) is a system of techniques and approaches followed in an area of study.
4. She is (knowledge); she always beats me at Trivial Pursuit.
5. The Chinese had advanced (measure) system.
6. De Fermat made (contribute) in the field of optics, formulating a law on the way light travels.
7. Most of the major (develop) in maths were the result of trying to solve a particular problem.
8. The aim is to produce a model that is (real) enough.
9. The text-book has (comprehend) illustrations.
10. A technician made an (adjust) to a smoke machine at the back of the auditorium.
11. The government considered a plan to (simple) the complex social security system.
12. Their company is prospering thanks to (dimension) marketing.
13. The Royal family decided to (short) their stay at the castle.
14. All carbohydrates (origin) from plants.
15. Government statistics show the largest drop in industrial (put) for ten years.
16. An ___ designer is someone whose job is to choose the colours and the style for the inside of a room or building.
17. I urgently need a (centre) plug connector. Have you got it?
18. Mind the (accelerate) characteristics when solving this problem.
19. Roy as an (apply) designer has good job prospects.
20. Stress had made him depressed and (sequence) irritable with his work.
VI. Answer the following questions on the text:
1. How did Applied Mathematics (AM) arise?
2. Why is it called so?
3. When is AM used?
4. What are the steps to solve a problem using AM?
5. Why do applied mathematicians need to be well trained in a range of math areas?
6. What are the main features of a good mathematical problem?
7. What may a modeling process involve? What can it lead to?
8. What exactly is applied mathematics and what does it do?
VII. Pay SPECIAL attention to the translation of the following passages in Unit 20 Applied Mathematics:
1. When faced with a problem, people would ask themselves ‘How can we do this?’
2. Often, the first step when using applied mathematics is to create a mathematical model.
3. Often the model is changed to be more realistic or to include more features of the problem.
4. For example, in dealing with business and industry, a knowledge of economics is necessary.
5. When it comes to creating models, the mathematician will make choices about…
6. Sometimes the mathematician has to either simplify this model so it can be analysed, or devise new mathematical methods that will allow the model to be analysed.