READING AND VOCABULARY
Проанализируйте две таблицы (charts). Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 1–8 соответствуют содержанию данных в таблицах (True), какие не соответствуют (False) и о чём однозначно сказать нельзя (Not stated). Исправьте неверные утверждения.
Blood Types Chart
Chart 1. The compatible blood types for receiving blood transfusions.
| Blood types | Donate blood to | Receive blood from | |
| Abroad | In Russia | ||
| A+ | II + | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| A- | II - | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | A-, O- |
| B+ | III+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | III- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, O- |
| AB + | IV+ | AB+ | EVERYONE |
| AB- | IV- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| O- | I - | EVERYONE | O- |
| O+ | I+ | O+, AB+, A+, B+ | O+, O- |
Chart 2. Possible blood type of a child according to their parents’ blood group.
1. An individual with type AB+ blood can both receive blood from any group and donate blood to any group.
2. An O- individual can donate blood to patients of AB+ and AB- more often than to other people.
3. A group B- person can receive blood only from individuals of groups B- or O-.
4. A group A+ people can only become recipients of A- or O- blood types, and can donate blood to individuals with type A+ or AB-.
5. If both parents are type B, the child may be eithertype B or type O, but not type A.
6. The blood type calculated in Chart 2 and the actual blood type of the baby may not be the same.
7. If both parents belong to the blood group O, the child will also belong to this blood group.
8. Both parents always have the same blood type as their child.
Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами А–F и их заголовками 1-8. В задании есть два лишних заглавия.
Recent studies have found that a person's blood type can mean anything from an increased risk of depression to a higher likelihood of developing diabetes.
| 1. Salvation for anyone 2. The most delicious blood type 3. Blood donation risks 4. Blood types and psychology | 5. The luckiest blood type 6. The need for blood transfusions 7. The blood and the worldwide disease 8. Blood Type and psychic health |
A. A team of researchers studied more than 30,000 people over the course of a 3 1/2 year period. During the study, the participants' cognitive functioning was tested to determine if any decline was present. Researchers used tests that measured verbal fluency, immediate memory, orientation, and ability to learn a 10-word list. At the end of the study period, significant cognitive decline had developed in 495 people. Of this group, researchers found that one particular blood type demonstrated a higher risk for cognitive decline: the type of blood known as AB. Additionally, higher levels of factor VIII- a protein that facilitates clotting of blood- were also correlated with a greater risk of cognitive problems.
B. Ongoing research indicates that people with type O blood seem to have a slightly lower risk of contracting COVID-19. One of the largest data sets on the topic comes from the genetic testing company 23andMe, which has surveyed over a million people since April 2020. The company’s survey data shows that people with type O blood are 9% to 18% less likely to test positive for COVID-19 than people with other blood types. But, just because you have type O blood doesn’t mean you have immunity to COVID-19. Protective measures like mask wearing and social distancing are still extremely important. While your risk of the disease may be slightly reduced, you should still get tested if you’ve experienced symptoms or think you may have been exposed to COVID-19.
C. Type O- blood is in extremely high demand at hospitals—not just because it's one of the rarest blood types, but also because it's the "universal donor." Because O- is Rh-negative, it can be given to people with both positive blood types and negative blood types. These folks can also donate to A, B, and AB blood types. Though a foreign antigen could cause the body to attack, there are no antigens present in type O blood, so there's nothing to attack.
D. The best case is when a person has AB+ blood type. It is known as the "universal recipient," seeing as people who have it running through their veins can receive blood from any type A, type B, type O, or type AB donor. Because type AB blood contains both A and B antigens, as well as the Rh factor, it can tolerate a transfusion from anyone on the ABO spectrum.
E. According to 2015 research published in the International Journal of Science, Spirituality, Business and Technology, "people in Japan strongly believe that the blood type influences one's personality, weaknesses, and strengths." For example, people with type A blood are calm and collected, artistic, and polite; people with type B blood are practical, goal-oriented, and strong-willed; people with type O blood are outgoing, energetic, and outspoken; and people with type AB blood tend to have characteristics on both sides of the spectrum.
F. In one 2004 study published in the Journal of Medical Entomology, researchers found that one species of mosquito— Aedes albopictus— landed on 83 percent of subjects with type O blood and just 47 percent of subjects with type A blood. Scientists believe that mosquitos may be able to sense the sugars some people secrete through their skin based on their blood type.
WRITING AND GRAMMAR
| Вы получили сообщение по WhatsApp от своего друга, Майка. Напишите ему сообщение, отвечая на 3 заданных вопроса. Выясните дополнительную информацию о состоянии вашего знакомого, задавая 2-3 вопроса Не забываем про: порядок слов в вопросе и утвердительных предложениях, употребление отрицательных форм глаголов, их разных залогах (дейст.,страд.) и временах, различных приставках и суффиксах при образовании слов (un-, dis-, -y, -ful, -ive, -ous, -ing, -er/-ist,-ty,-ion, -ly и т.д.) Some helpful phrases: 1. I want to tell you/explain that… 2. To tell you the truth,… 3. I have to disappoint you, but… 4. I must warn you that… 5. In my opinion…/To my mind… 6. Besides,… 7. ….because… 8. That’s why… 9. ….and… | 
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