Ex. 1 [h] revision:
a)Read h-words and phrases. Remember to exhale [h] in a very light way:
holy,
homesick,
hard,
hopeful,
healthful,
hear,
hire,
hare,
hero,
horizon,
herbs,
herbal,
Hertford,
Honolulu,
Hawaii,
with her mother.
b)
1 Have you heard about Hilda and Harry Hall? 2 They’re on their honeymoon in Honolulu. 3 What inhuman behaviour! 4 It’s not the hopping over hedges that hurts the horses’ hooves; it’s the hammer, hammer, hammer on the hard high road. 5 In Hertford, Hereford, and Hampshire, hurricanes hardly ever happen. 6 Handsome is as handsome does. 7 He that has an ill name is half hanged.
Ex. 2 [ʧ] and [ʤ] contrasted:
a)
chilly,
cheeky,
childish,
itch,
natural,
ditch,
stitch,
pigeon,
charity,
budgerigar,
vegetarian,
Belgian,
major,
gesture,
cage;
b)
1 The joke almost choked him. 2 Life is a question of choice or chance? 3 You can’t recapture your childhood. 4 Life is a sort of arch, arrival to departure. You can’t switch directions. 5 Each century brings changes but nature doesn’t change. 6 Let’s adjourn to the kitchen for chicken and chips. 7 You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours. 8 Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 9 Children are poor men’s riches. 10 How much wood would a woodchucker chuck if a woodchucker could chuck wood?
Ex. 3 [w] and [v] contrasted:
a) [wǝʊ]:
woe,
woke,
woken,
woefully,
won’t,
swollen,
won’t go,
won’t stop,
won’t starve,
won’t speak,
won’t escape,
won’t laugh,
won’t sew,
won’t speak,
won’t adjust.
b) [wɔ:] and [wɜ:]:
warhorse,
warship,
warning,
wardrobe,
warmth,
watery,
waterfalls,
waterworks,
wordy,
worldwide,
worthy,
worthwhile,
worthless,
wormy,
worship.
c) [v]:
vile,
ivory,
vanity,
valid,
crave,
rave,
revoke,
revolt,
weave,
inversion,
invest,
invention,
even,
revenge,
violet,
violin,
mauve,
Vicky,
Vince,
Valentine,
Eve.
d) [w-v] contrast:
a bottle of wine;
vanilla wafers with whipped cream;
Vicky’s twelve fingers;
for Vickie and Wilfred;
virtue and vice;
weeping willows;
vanity and wisdom, vanity fair,
wonderful view;
a word of wisdom,
a boy of twelve.
e) Read the sentences with [v] and [w] contrasted:
1 What we want is a holiday in Scotland. 2 The bandage was wound around the wound. 3 How would Claude work this problem out? 4 I like to wonder in this wonderful weather. 5 A wicked wind whispers in the willows. It whips the water into waves. A wicked wind whispers in the willows whipping the water into waves. 6 Wednesday evening. On Wednesday evening. Visitors on Wednesday evening. Your foreign visitors on Wednesday evening. What are you giving your foreign visitors on Wednesday evening? What are you giving your foreign visitors on Wednesday evening, Vicky? 7 Vegetables. Variety of vegetables. Wide variety of vegetables. A very wide variety of vegetables. 8 This is the way we wash our face, wash our face, wash our face. This is the way we wash our face at seven o'clock in the morning.
Ex. 4 [ŋ]:
a)
young,
youngster,
pink,
banker,
angle,
language,
single,
singer,
hanger,
finger,
mango,
swings,
winging,
swinging,
clanging,
nightingale,
longer,
strongest.
b)
1 The boy is tugging his toy cart along. 2 A: You haven’t eaten a single thing all night. – B: I am not hungry. 3 It kept me longer that I expected. 4 Henry hung his suit on a hanger. 5 I wish you wouldn’t be so slangy. 6 I am thinking about things. 7 A creaking door hangs long on its hinges.
Ex. 5 [st] – [sp] – [sk] -words. Read the words out remembering that plosives [t], [p], [k] lose their aspiration in combination with [s]:
a)
Stephen,
stark,
stale,
stooping,
stone,
stupid,
pigsty,
stylish,
stereotype,
sticky,
estimate,
establish,
spouse,
spider,
spoiling,
aspiration,
skyscraper,
scarecrow,
escape.
b)
1 Three schoolboys with their heavy satchels were running upstairs. 2 He couldn’t escape talking to Mr. Storey. 3 Stonehenge is the most impressive and mysterious monument of the British past. 4 She was staring at her husband coming out of a restaurant. 5 His stupid behaviour spoiled the atmosphere of the party. 6 Stella’s stylish haircut passed unnoticed. 7 Stephen never stops aspiring to enter Stanford.
Ex. 6 Nasal, fricative, lateral plosions, loss of plosion. Read the words and phrases observing plosion rules.
mitten,
eaten,
Britain,
lightening,
maiden,
Eden,
battle,
fiddle,
cattle,
settle,
apple
late confession;
meet me;
break promise.
send me;
stop talking;
meet me at eleven,
meet Stanley;
stop nagging;
can’t help,
wouldn’t tell;
won’t have;
shan’t hide;
stop telling lies;
don’t cry,
don’t spill milk;
don’t leave,
round belly;
good cattle;
dark lady;
lost sheep;
Unit 3 Intonation