Прочтите § 14 Раздела Страдательный залог (The Simple Passive Voice ), стр. 290-291.
Passive Voice (страдательный залог) обозначает, что предмет или лицо, являющееся подлежащим, не выполняет действие, а испытывает на себе действие другого предмета.
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| He broke his leg. – Он сломал ногу. | His leg was broken. – У него была сломана нога. |
Страдательный залог образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и Participle II смыслового глагола.
Спряжение глаголов в Simple Passive Voice
| Present Simple | Past Simple | Future Simple | |
| Утвердительная форма | I am examined | I (he, she, it) was examined | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will be examined |
| He (she, it) is examined | |||
| We (you, they) are examined | We (you, they) were examined | ||
| Вопросительная форма | Am I examined? | Was I (he, she, it) examined? | Will I (he, she, it, we, you, they) be examined |
| Is he (she, it) examined? | |||
| Are we (you, they) examined? | Were you (we, they) examined? | ||
| Отрицательная форма | I am not examined | I (he, she, it) was not examined | I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will not be examined |
| He (she, it) is not examined | |||
| We (you, they) are not examined | We (you, they) were not examined |
Предлоги by и with в Passive Voice.
The letter is written by my brother. (by – перед исполнителем действия)
Письмо написано моим братом. (кем?)
The letter is written with a pen. (with – перед инструментом действия)
Письмо написано ручкой. (чем?)
Задание 8. Прочтите и переведите следующие пары предложений:
1) We call three major types of blood vessels arteries, veins and capillaries. – Smaller branches of arteries are called arterioles.
2) The heart pumps the blood into the lung by circulatory system. – From the left heart the blood is pumped into the aorta.
3) Pulmonary artery divides into two branches. – The upper extremity is divided into the shoulder, the upper arm, the forearm and the hand.
4) The right carotid artery distributes blood to all parts of the right side of the neck, face, head and brain. – The blood from the aorta is distributed throughout the body.
Задание 9. Прочтите следующие предложения. Определите время и залог сказуемого. Предложения переведите.
1) These operations are performed by me.
|
|
2) Anatomy is taught in practical class.
3) The lecture in Biology is delivered on Monday.
4) They are taught Anatomy.
5) He was told some interesting news.
6) The lecture will be attended by all the students of our group.
7) The heart muscle is nourished by coronary arteries.
8) These textbooks will be distributed among all the students of our group.
Задание 10. Составьте вопросительную и отрицательную форму предложений предыдущего задания.
Задание 11. Передайте следующую информацию в Passive Voice:
1. The students greeted the famous lecturer warmly.
2. We will discuss this report at the next conference.
3. The arm, forearm and hand form the upper extremity.
4. They make a number of experiments in this laboratory.
5. The scientists will conduct a controlled trial.
6. Our professor will deliver the lecture in Physics next Monday.
7. Bones compose the skeleton.
8. The doctor asked the patient about his age and profession.
9. The students will revise all the rules for the test.
10. She gave us a course of lecture last year.
11. The reporter will demonstrate the advantages of this method.
12. The doctors administer an appropriate treatment to the patients.
13. The students received instructions yesterday.
14. The pelvis connects the lower extremity with the trunk.
15. The doctor will give you some advice.
Задание 12. Переведите следующие предложения:
1. Нам дают книги.
2. Мне часто задают много вопросов.
3. Операции проводятся хирургами.
4. Учебники пишутся для студентов.
5. Ее часто видят в библиотеке.
6. Курсовые собрания проводятся в конце семестра.
Задание 13. * Study the models and use the verbs in brackets in suitable forms to complete the sentences; translate the sentences into Russian.
Models: 1. Students usually ask a lot of questions after lectures.
This student usually asks a lot of questions.
2. The question is asked and I must answer it.
A lot of questions are usually asked after his lectures.
1) An alliance (союз, общность) between doctors and physicists usually (to lead) to a discovery useful for medical practice.
2) Doctors (to use) laser in different fields of medicine.
3) Sometimes ulcers (to treat) surgically.
4) The period of treatment (to reduce) due to a laser method.
5) Laser (to use) in gastroenterology now.
6) The results of the experiment (to show) the effectiveness of the new method.
7) The first results of the experiment (to show) the possibility to speed the cure of ulcers.
|
|
8) Laser treatment (to speed) the cure of ulcers.
9) Haemorrhage (to stop) due to the use of laser.
10) Polyps (to remove) surgically.
Задание 14 *. Study the models and say that one does not do the following or the following is not done.
Models: 1. Usually students do not ask questions before lectures.
This student does not ask question.
2. This question is not asked after the lecture but before it.
Questions are not asked during lectures.
1) Doctors usually use this device in gastroenterology.
2) The doctor wants to use laser to stop haemorrhage.
3) The new method speeds the cure of ulcers.
4) Your polyp is removed by means of laser.
5) Polyps are often removed by means of laser.
6) Ulcers are often treated surgically.
7) The first results show the effectiveness of the new treatment technique.
8) The period of treatment is reduced to two weeks.
9) An alliance between doctors and physicists always leads to a discovery useful for medical practice.
10) Ulcers are often treated by means of laser.
Задание 15 *. Study the models to do the tasks below.
Model: 1. Do students ask many questions after lectures?
Does this student ask many questions?
2. Is a question asked?
Are many questions asked after his lectures?
– if an alliance between doctors and physicists sometimes leads to a discovery;
– if doctors use laser in gastroenterology;
– if doctors use laser to treat ulcers;
– if ulcers are always treated surgically;
– if ulcers are often treated by means of laser;
– if laser is used to stop haemorrhage;
– if laser is used to remove polyps from the stomach;
– if laser methods speed the cure of ulcers;
– if laser technique reduces the period of treatment
Задание 16 *. Study the models and use the verbs in brackets in suitable forms to complete the sentences; translate the sentences into Russian.
Models: 1. Students asked a lot of questions after lectures yesterday.
2. The question was asked after lectures yesterday.
A lot of questions were asked after his lectures yesterday.
1) Researchers (to unveil – раскрывать) the new device at the conference last month.
2) The device (to use) to shatter (раздробить) urinary stones.
3) The doctor found out that the stone (to lodge) between the kidney and bladder.
4) The new device (to enable) doctors to avoid surgery in such cases.
5) The shattered stone (to remove) only after several laser blasts.
6) The shattered stone (to pass) through the urinary tract.
Задание 17 *. Study the models and say that one did not do the following or the following was not done.
Models: 1. Students did not ask questions after the lecture yesterday.
|
|
2. Questions were not asked after the lecture yesterday.
1) Researchers unveiled the new device at the conference yesterday.
2) The stone was lodged very close to the bladder.
3) The new device enabled doctors to avoid surgery.
4) The stone is lodged between the kidney and bladder.
5) The doctor avoided surgery.
6) The doctor removed the stone when it was shattered.
Задание 18 *. Study the models and do the tasks below.
Model: 1. Did students ask questions after the lecture yesterday?
2. Were questions asked after the lecture yesterday?
Was the question asked then?
Ask
– if researchers developed a new laser device;
– if the new laser device was developed;
– if the new laser device was used to shatter stones;
– if the new device was used to remove stones;
– if the new device enabled doctors to avoid surgery;
– if doctors avoided surgery for about 100,000 patients using laser;