Indonesia is seeing steady growth in international and domestic MICE business this year. Indonesia Congress and Convention Association (INCCA) projected a minimum 15% growth in inbound MICE business this year compared to last year. Indonesia will be hosting 392 events this year (93 international and 72 government-initiated events). INCCA Chairman; Mr Alan Abdullah says that the trade is optimistic the growth will continue next year. "I don't see any signs of declining interest to our destination following the fuel hike and increasing energy costs in the region," said Abdullah
In the first 6 months of 2008, Hong Kong hosted 8.26 million overnight arrivals and hotel occupancy rates are at 83%, whereas the average room rate is up slightly. The city's exhibitions and conventions industry continued record-breaking growth, largely on the back of mainland Chinese trade visitors. The Hong Kong Exhibition & Convention Industry Association's annual survey of the organizers of 95 major events shows more than US$345 million generated from stand rental revenues. Hong Kong Tourism Board Chairman Mr. James Tien said that the government will allocate US$3 million of additional funding for the HKTB to promote the convention and exhibition business in 2008/09.
In Russia experts predict that by 2020 annual business-trip numbers will treble from 560 million to 1.6 billion as globalization continues, and that profits will increase five times over, from $400 billion to $2 trillion. It is hard to say what Russia's share by volume will be. It is hard to win the confidence of the business class, because it is conservative and mistrustful. But experts are quite optimistic about Russia's chances, considering its sustained economic growth and improving investment ratings. Russia is unlikely to become the world's tourism leader in the next few years, but it could well be in the top ten.
Discussion points and essay questions
1. Discuss what you consider to be the three most important factors in the growth of business travel and tourism.
2. Discuss and explain the current geography of business travel and tourism demand.
3. What lessons can we learn from the history of business travel and tourism that might help accurately to predict its future?
Bibliography
1. Briggs, S. (1993), 'That special break: making incentives work for you. Caterer and Hotelkeeper, 10 June.
2. BTA et al. (1996), Incentive Travel Usage and its Impact on the UK and Ireland, London, British Tourist Authority and the UK national tourist hoards.
3. BT1: & BTAC (1999), Business Tourism Leads the Way, London, Business Tourism Forum.
4. Buchanan, G. (2001a), 'Regional rewards'. Conference & Incentive Travel, June.
5. Buchanan, G. (200lb), 'Business on hoard', Conference & Incentive Trace/, July/August.
6. Burnside, J. (2001), 'Bunkered by Mr Big1, The Guardian, 28 July.
7. CEC (1996), Business and Conference Tourism in the European Economic Area, Brussels, European Commission.
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8. Collis, R. (2000), The Survivor's Guide to Business
9. Travel, London, Kogan Page. Creevy, J. (2002), 'Changing times', Conference ff
10. Incentive Travel, February. Doyle, C. (2001), 'Setting the agenda', Conference 6
11. Incentive Travel, June. Elliott, J. (1997), Tourism Politics and Public Sector
12. Management, London, Rout ledge. The European (1995),'The executive love of the travel
13. perk', The European, 30 Novcmber-6 December. Fisher, J. (2001), 'Cryptic statistics', Meetings 6
14. Incentive Travel, June. Gold, J.-P. (1996), 'Un marche en plein mutation',
15. Tourisinc d'Affaires, Les Cabiers Espaces, February Goodhart, L. (1998), 'Solving the mysteries'. Conference
16. & Incentive Travel, September. Gosling, J. (1999), 'Ship to shore', Conference & Incentive Travel, July/August.
Appendix 1
CONFERENCE PLANNING GUIDELINES
by Read Gilgen (IALL)
Preamble
Thanks to Pam Griffin-Castro, Ed Dente, Jan Marston, Charlotte Wharton, Fawn Whitaker, Pete Smith, Bruce Parkhurst, Kathleen Ford, who prepared materials for the FLEAT session on conference planning and/or who made suggestions for these guidelines. However, if you have suggestions, corrections, or questions, please contact me (read@lss.wisc.edu).
My intent in posting the guidelines at the IALL web site is to give regional conference planners something more than "Good Luck" as they prepare to host a conference. I've also included some issues that arise only at the larger conferences. Most of you will never have to plan a conference the size of IALL. But you could! I've left the comments mixed together so you can use what you need and to appreciate what you don't have to use.
Finally, I've also prepared a Conference Planning Table that summarizes these guidelines and gives you a check sheet to use as you plan your conference.
Congratulations!
So, you've volunteered (or had your arm twisted) to host a conference. Congratulations! There will be lots of hard work, but the experience can be very rewarding. The following are some guidelines, based on the experiences of others who have planned such conferences. Some names are listed at the end, in case you'd like to contact them for additional information.
General
The amount of planning, committee work, advance deadlines, etc., in part depends on the size conference you are planning.
For example, to host one the size of the IALL meeting, you should start before the conference preceding yours. Get involved with the conference hosts and attend the conference, and you'll come away with lots of useful experience.
Regional conferences still require lots of planning and hard work, but because attendance is rarely more than about 50-70 people, these are easier to pull off.
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Permission
Depending on the size of the conference, you may be required to have university permission before hosting a conference. Even if not required, it's important to talk with college or university officials before committing to host a conference.
In some cases, you may want to seek permission from your immediate supervisor (e.g., the dean) and at the same time seek support (for example, allowing you to dedicate some of your time to organizing and hosting the conference, and agreeing to offer a welcoming speech).
Finally, you should contact the office on your campus that does conference planning. You may not need their services, but you should know what they can offer. Often they can give you advice and insights that are invaluable.
Set a Date
The general time of the conference should be suggested by the organization you are hosting (e.g., your regional group). Then look at your campus schedule to determine what dates would be best. Submit a couple of possibilities to your organization for approval.
Consider the size and scope of your conference. Small groups can be hosted nearly any time. But larger groups will require housing, transportation, and food services that might conflict with other campus events. Summers and between semesters/quarters are often better than when school is in session. Avoid football and parent weekends if possible. Check for other major events that might conflict.
Organize
This goes without saying, so we'll say it: Organize a conference committee as early as possible. Include as many people as needed to cover all the responsibilities outlined here. Include your own staff as well as colleagues from other institutions.
Communicate regularly with the leadership of your organization as well as with previous hosts. There's lots of history that you can use to your advantage such as format, what works and what doesn't, etc. Also, remember that you're the host, but it's not your conference; you should be working with them (the organization's leadership) to meet their objectives.
Establish regular planning/reporting meetings. Set up email lists. Always make it clear who is supposed to do what and when. Keep minutes/notes of your meetings and use them to follow up. The more you communicate with each other, the less likely you'll have slip ups.
Reserve Rooms
One of your very first items of business should be to reserve necessary rooms for plenary sessions, breakout sessions, lab sessions, exhibits, breaks, receptions, and conference headquarters/registration.
Adapt your conference to the facilities you have available. For example, good plenary sessions can be better than lab sessions that don't have adequate facilities.
Try to keep conference costs down by using rooms that are free. Again, this may require some adapting or negotiating.
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Program
National meetings usually have a general theme. However, for regional meetings, you may want to choose a theme (with your organization's approval) that reflects your institution's particular strengths or interests.
National meetings also require a program committee. There's just too much work, and too many decisions for one person to handle. You may not need a program committee at the regional level, but if you have willing helpers, this might be a good place to use them.
A good program is critical. Look for variety, interest, timeliness. What do your members need or want to leave with? Try to balance lectures with discussions, hands on, social activities, and time for colleague interaction.
A general call for presenters should have a deadline that gives you ample time to recruit and to fill in gaps should you not get all the good proposals you need. Network with other members of your organization to identify people who might be invited to make presentations (or to submit proposals). Experience shows that some recruiting will be necessary, even if proposals are abundant (which often they are not.) If you have the expertise and resources, you should consider creating a web site for on-line proposal submission.
Immediately after the deadline, begin organizing the conference schedule. Select the proposals you want to use and contact them to verify their availability. Create a tentative schedule, matching presenters to the facilities. You may want to lay out your schedule on a whiteboard, or use 3x5 cards on a corkboard so you can visualize how things fit together. For example, you don't want all of your sessions on hiring student employees to take place on the same day and time. Make sure you plan time for attendees to talk with each other, such as at breaks, before and after dinners, at receptions, etc.
Send a formal acceptance note to each participant, and ask them to confirm by sending an abstract (if you didn't get that as part of their submission) and submitting a request for any special equipment (AV, computer, etc.)
Promotions
Promoting your conference begins as soon as you are selected as a conference site, by posting the date and location on web sites (such as IALL's conference site). If you have the expertise and resources, you should consider setting up your own conference web site for up-to-date information, on-line registration, proposal submissions, etc.
The first wave of publicity comes with the call for presentations. Contact your organization for a mailing list. Also, consider electronic mailings and posting to a web site.
The next wave comes as you send out the conference announcement, with as much detail as you have, including a tentative program. This is important if you want to convince people they should come. Set a registration deadline that accounts for your own deadlines (food services, etc.) You may have to consider a higher fee for those who are late, especially if that really does incur additional costs for you.
Housing
Estimate the number of people you think might attend (ask previous conference hosts) and make arrangements accordingly. In addition to economy lodging (dorms, conference centers, etc., if available), also block some rooms at a local motel/hotel for those who prefer that kind of housing.
When making reservations with local hotels, negotiate other amenities if possible such as shuttle services (from airports, to conference sessions).
Be careful to avoid making reservations that require guarantees or other financial obligations. In fact, it's best to let the housing/hotel organization handle their own reservations and billing. Find out how long reservations can be held, cancellation deadlines, etc.
Travel
Your campus usually has maps and travel information on how to get to your campus. If there aren't adequate limo or shuttle services to your campus from the airport, you may need to make your own arrangements. If you use a university vehicle, driven by your staff or a student, make sure appropriate procedures are followed (such as training, licensing, insurance) to protect you from liability.
If the housing is not within walking distance to the conference, in case of bad weather, or for handicapped assistance, you should provide for shuttles. This could be as simple as a university vehicle and a student driver, or (for larger conferences) some sort of bus. Be sure to calculate all the costs for this service if you want to include it as part of the registration fee.
Food
Well-planned meals and snacks are critical to a successful conference. However, don't try to do this all on your own. Unless the conference is very small, or the food event is very simple, you should find someone other than yourself to take care of meals and snacks. Consult with your campus food services, or with a local caterer, determine what is needed, and what it will cost. If you're fortunate enough to have extra staff, some of the preparing and serving could be assigned to them. Otherwise, let food services or the caterer do the work. (Be aware that some campuses have policies that allow only campus food services to cater meals that occur on campus.)
Be sure to negotiate food services in such a way that you are not liable for food costs beyond what you can cover through conference fees. Usually food planners will allow up to 10% more people than you contract for (e.g., for late registrations), but be sure this is clear up front.
To reduce costs, seek sponsors for specific meals where possible. Some larger vendors are happy to get the publicity that comes from sponsoring a breakfast, lunch, reception, or even a dinner. Your own college may be willing to sponsor one such event. In any case, it doesn't hurt to ask. If the sponsor desires it, and your campus policies allow it, let the sponsor choose the caterer and take care of the arrangements.
For small conferences, many if not most of the meals can be left up to the attendees. Be sure to provide a good list of local eateries. Include information about which are within walking distance, which are not, and how to get to those that are not.
Strategically scheduled snack breaks, with drinks and fruit or cookies, can add a touch of class to your conference. These don't usually cost too much, and can be covered by registration fees. Don't skimp on the time allotted for breaks, since attendees will want to network and will take the time anyway.
If you do have group meals, be sure to allow for special dietary considerations. Also, work with your campus to determine when (or if) alcohol can be served, for example, at a cash bar reception.
Management Tools
Unless you have only a handful of people attending your conference, you'll need some sort of management system. In most cases, a simple merge database will suffice for mailings, conference lists, generation of name tags, etc. For larger conferences, consider a more capable database that also can handle many fields (e.g., presenter status, dietary requirements, etc.) For income and expenses, you may need a spreadsheet program. And unless you have a graphics department to prepare your program and brochures, plan on learning more about your favorite word processing program.
Money
When the conference is over, you don't want to be left with a handful of bills for which you (or your department) are responsible. Careful planning (projecting costs) and money management can ensure that you'll be financially solvent.
Before sending out the conference brochure/announcement, you must determine a conference registration fee. On the one hand, you want to cover your costs. But on the other, you want to keep the costs low so that as many people as possible can afford to come. Try to find a balance between providing the amenities, and keeping costs down. If your departmental budget allows for it, you can contribute to the conference (e.g., student wages, university vehicle rental, mailing costs, etc.) If not, these costs must be figured into the registration fees.
Be sure to include the following costs: Publicity (brochure, printing, mailing), facilities (lab fees, equipment rentals), staff (student or other wages), transportation (university vehicles), meals (snacks, meals), conference materials (packets, name tags, etc.) Remember that you can always do things more cheaply if you don't count all the costs... so count them!
Find out from your organization's leadership if the organization can and will contribute anything toward the conference or if you must cover all costs from registration fees. Also, determine with your organization's leadership if there is to be a difference in cost for members and nonmember. One commonly used and handy method is to include the cost of membership in the registration fee for nonmember. This not only helps them pay their fair share, but also increases your group's membership.
Attendees should be expected to pay their registration fees in advance. This helps provide an accurate picture of the number who will attend because the attendees are more committed to attending. You can consider a slightly higher fee for late registrations or registrations onsite, if your food and facilities planning can handle extra last-minute registrations. Refunds should be allowed, but not after deadlines for food and facilities counts have passed.
You should work with your institution to determine the best (i.e., most prudent) method for handling registration fees and for paying conference bills. Often a special account can be set up just for your conference. Be clear up front what accounting procedures are to be used (for example, what kind of documentation will be required to get reimbursements from this account.) Also, make provisions that any profits can be forwarded to your organization's treasury, if necessary.
Don't minimize the importance of a detailed accounting of your conference funds. Setting things up right before you begin to receive registrations fees can make things a lot easier during and after the conference.
Vendor Displays
Exhibits take a lot of work to coordinate and set up. The larger the conference, the easier it will be to convince vendors to participate. Smaller conferences may not even want to have exhibits. If you do have an exhibit, assign a committee member to be in charge rather than taking this on yourself.
An exhibit hall must be easily accessible and must have adequate space to accommodate vendor booths. There may be costs associated with such a hall. Some facilities require that their own people set things up. Make sure you know what is included with any rental costs, and what you may have to pay extra for.
Make sure that there is adequate time for attendees to visit the exhibits and to talk with vendors. Also, consider including vendor-sponsored sessions at the conference, or having the vendors participate in panels. Depending on the benefits to the vendors, you may ask that they pay for exhibit space, or leverage their participation by asking them to sponsor one or more conference activities (reception, meal, etc.), or to provide conference bags.
Conference Materials
At a minimum, you need to provide some sort of printed program. For most conferences, the following is usually adequate: a simple folder with program, maps, lists of local restaurants and attractions, a name tag, and writing materials (pen and pad). For larger, better financed conferences, you may want to include a conference bag. Sometimes you can also ask vendors to provide "freebies" that you can include in the conference packet.
Name Tags
If you plan properly, you should be able to generate name tags to be printed from your conference database program.
Keep the name tag layout simple: a small conference logo or title, the person's full name in LARGE, readable letters, and the person's institution. Don't make people squint to read names on name tags.
The actual type of name tag (paper stick-on, pin on plastic case, hang-around-the-neck, etc.) depends on your preferences and budget. If you do provide stick-on tags, you may want to generate at least one tag for each day of the conference since they won't be able to reuse the tags. If you use plastic badges, you can invite attendees to recycle them at the end of the conference.
Equipment and Support
This is another critically important part of the conference, especially in our technology-driven organization. You should assign a member of your committee to head this up since it's a demanding and time-consuming responsibility.
To the extent that you can, schedule conference sessions in rooms that have basic AV equipment (overhead projectors and screens, for example). If the rooms already have computers and computer/video projection, that's even better. Then assign conference sessions to the appropriate rooms.
Determine ahead of time what portable equipment you have available, and whether you have to rent equipment. Then when you confirm conference presentations, ask presenters to provide you with a list of equipment they need. Encourage them to bring their own laptop computers whenever possible. Also, let them know when equipment must be rented, and ask them to consider whether such equipment really is needed, or if they can bring their own.
Once rooms and equipment are assigned, the person in charge should organize a support staff (often one or more students) to make sure equipment is in place and working, and to move it as needed. For larger conferences, assigning support staff to a specific presenter/room and having them contact each other before the session can be helpful.
You might also consider having a central equipment distribution room, not only for security of equipment, but also so conference presenters know where they can go for help, or to pick up that extra extension cord.
Computers
These should be considered as part of the equipment considerations listed above. However, they also present special problems.
Presenters should supply information as to the platform (Mac, PC), operating system, hardware requirements (disk space, RAM, CPU speed), application software, network connections required, etc. If you can set up computers ahead of time, based on presenter needs, that's great. But more often, you will want to make equipment available to presenters ahead of time so they can set up software and make sure they operate as expected. Again, if presenters can bring their own laptop computer they can avoid a lot of uncertainty.
If software is installed, make sure it's clear who cleans up (removes) such software after the session.
Entertainment
Depending on the size and scope of the conference, you may need to provide for one or more social activities for attendees.
At smaller conferences, organized dinners at local restaurants can be enjoyable. For larger conferences, a banquet may be in order. At the very least, provide a list of recommended local eateries for those who want to venture out on their own.
You should also consider whether your locale has something uniquely interesting to offer. If feasible, you could organize a group outing to a play, local site, etc. Be sure to determine whether costs are included in the registration, or if it is to be a separate (and therefore optional) cost.
If yours is a very large conference, you may want to offer optional activities for families, especially if your locale, weather, and schedule promise to attract families and friends of conference attendees.
Whatever you plan, however, be sure to include some free time for people to do things on their own.
Summary
One of the joys of our profession is the opportunity to get together in regional and international meetings. As a conference organizer you are providing a needed and appreciated service. Yes, hosting a conference involves a lot of work. But if you plan ahead, considering the above suggestions, you should be able to enjoy the conference just as much as those who attend.
Appendix 2
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