In Russia the oil and gas industry is historically regarded as being one of the most important sectors of the economy, as the revenue it generates forms a major component of the country’s budget. The oil and gas industry is currently the main source of the state’s tax revenues and currency revenues. Russia’s oil reserves are the third largest in the world. Russia is also a major producer of natural gas.
The development of the Russian oil and gas industry began in the mid-19th century with the development of oil deposits in the Northern Caucasus. The discovery and development of oil and gas deposits in the Volga, Urals, and Timan-Pechora areas led to a significant increase in the volumes of oil extraction in the first half of the 20th century. The development of major basins in Siberia, Timan-Pechora, the Caspian, and the Far East resulted in a record quantity of oil being extracted in 1988. Extraction levels fell at the beginning of the 1990s, but are now once again on the increase.
The oil industry plays a significant role in Russia’s macroeconomy, investment environment, infrastructure development, politics and foreign policy.
Given its central role in the economy, it is logical that oil is a significant driver of both domestic and foreign investment.
The Russian oil industry presents tremendous opportunities for firms, particularly in areas of engineering services, technical consulting and finance (raising capital, auditing).
Oil and gas are more than commodities and are also, tools of international power, components of foreign policy, elements of national security and a source of national pride.
Gas industry of the country is still a system-forming industry. It moves towards new economic relations following its own way, which is absolutely different from that of oilmen, coal miners or power engineers. The most important task set for the gas industry for the present is to be a reliable guarantor of supplying gas in required volumes, in due time and in due place both inside Russia and to European countries.
Gas industry not only stabilizes economy it also can initiate a breakthrough into a new technological era and facilitate deep structural transformation of the economy.
Russian gas industry is reach in unique industrial production experience, qualified stuff, it has assumed a position of a strategic operator on solvent gas markets in Europe, it disposes of colossal reserves of hydrocarbons, a unique natural resource base that, when reasonably used, ensures successful development of the industry for the next decades.
Russia plays a significant part in the formation of world prices owing to the large volumes of oil and gas that Russia supplies to the world market.
Слова к тексту.
regard – рассматривать, считать
revenue – годовой доход
currently – теперь, в настоящее время
tax – налог
currency – деньги, валюта
proven – доказанный
oil extraction – добыча нефти
investment – капиталовложение
auditing – аудит, ревизия, контрольная проверка
commodities – товар
tool – инструмент, оружие
move – двигаться
in due time – в свое время
initiate – положить начало
breakthrough – прорыв
facilitate – способствовать
reach – область, влияние, сфера
assume – принимать на себя
dispose – располагать
reasonably – разумно
ensure – обеспечивать
supply – снабжать, поставлять
decade – десятилетие
discovery - открытие
quantity - количество
increase - увеличение
significant - значительный
opportunity - возможность
reliable – надежный
volume – объем
market - рынок
price - цена
formation – образование
successful - успешный
producer – производитель
Упр. 1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:
исторически, важный, годовой доход, главный источник, запасы нефти, производитель, развитие, месторождения нефти, разработка нефтегазовых месторождений, объемы, увеличение, внешняя политика, представлять, товар, безопасность, национальная гордость, различный, нефтяник, важная задача, в своем месте, прорыв, платежеспособность, располагать, углеводороды, успешный, десятилетие, мировые цены.
Упр. 2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:
important sector of the economy
discovery of oil and gas deposits
significant increase of oil extraction
tremendous opportunities for firms
tools of international power
elements of national security
system-forming industry
new economic relations
deep structural transformation
position of a strategic operator
Упр. 3. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний из левой колонки:
1. gas industry
2. in the world
3. natural gas
4. quantity
5. significant role
6. development
7. particularly
8. engineering service
9. coal miner
10. reliable guarantor
1. значительная роль
2. особенно
3. надежный гарант
4. горняк
5. газовая промышленность
6. в мире
7. количество
8. техническая служба
9. разработка
10. природный газ
Упр. 4. Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний из левой колонки:
1. открытие
2. необходимые объемы
3. годовой доход
4. энергетик
5. может положить начало
6. образование
7. мировой рынок
8. нефтяная промышленность
9. центральная роль
10. возможности
1. revenue
2. oil industry
3. discovery
4. central role
5. opportunities
6. power engineer
7. required volumes
8. can initiate
9. world market
10. formation
Упр. 5. Составьте предложения, соединив части А и В:
А
1. The Russia oil industry present
2. Gas industry of the country is
3. The oil and gas industry is currently
4. Extraction levels fell
5. Russia plays a significant part
6. It moves towards new economic relations
7. Russia’s oil reserves are
8. In Russia the oil and gas industry is historically regarded
B
1. following its own way.
2. the third largest in the world.
3. as being one of the most important sectors of the economy.
4. still a system-forming industry.
5. tremendous opportunities for firms.
6. in the formation of world prices.
7. at the beginning of the 1990s
8. the main source of the state’s tax revenues.
Упр. 6. Прочитайте следующие предложения. Найдите в каждом из них группу «подлежащие – сказуемое», определите время и залог сказуемого. Составьте все типы вопросов к предложениям.
1. Gas industry is still a system-forming industry.
2. The Russian oil industry presents tremendous opportunities for firms.
3. The development of the Russian oil and gas industry began in the mid-19th century.
4. The oil and gas industry is being regarded as one of the most important sectors of the economy.
5. In the future gas will remain a major source of foreign currency revenue generated by Russian export.
6. For a long time Russian oil industry has developed very intensively.
7. Since 1986, oil prices have been marked by volatility.
8. Gas Industry can initiate a breakthrough into a new technological era.
Упр. 7. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Россия является основным производителем природного газа.
2. Развитие российской нефтяной промышленности началось в середине 19 века с разработки нефтяных месторождений на Северном Кавказе.
3. Российская нефтяная промышленность предоставляет громадные возможности для фирм.
4. Газовая промышленность страны является по-прежнему системо-образующей промышленностью.
5. Россия играет значительную роль в формировании мировых цен на нефть и газ.
6. Открытие и разработка нефтегазовых месторождений в первой половине 20 века привели к значительному увеличению объемов добычи нефти.
7. Главная задача для газовой промышленности в настоящее время быть надежным гарантом поставки газа.
8. Развивающаяся российская экономика нуждается в серьезном инвестировании в нефтегазовый сектор.
9. В России нефтегазовая промышленность исторически считается самым важным сектором национальной экономики.
10. Россия поставляет огромные объемы нефти и газа на мировой рынок.
Упр. 8. Пользуясь словарем, письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:
1. The present situation of Russian oil and gas industry is described as a drastic change of resource structure and quality of hydrocarbons in developed and discovered oil and gas fields.
2. The prospects of Russian oil and gas industry significantly depend on unexplored resources.
3. At present, Russian oil and gas industry is seeking a way out from previous dramatic decline of hydrocarbon production.
4. The petroleum industry’s chief troubles usually have arisen from overproduction: too much output, too little demand, too low a price, too little profit.
5. Russia’s enormous oil and gas resources combined with a new willingness to attract in rapid growth of the national economy in the next century.
6. The new chapter of history of Russian oil and gas industry already has been opened and it will be a story of the glorious success.
7. Future development of Russian oil and gas industry will depend on some crucial factors and among them sufficient foreign investments to oil and gas industry, and also in pipeline construction and rehabilitation.
8. The Russian gas industry is presently focused on innovations- driven development, and this key target has become central for all Gasprom affiliates activities.
9. The time is running fast – and the Russian gas industry and Gasprom have become the central contributors to energy security of the second-generation Europeans.
10. The Russian government generally has welcomed intention for investment and its policy has been enable such deals to be made without necessity of overcoming major hurdles.
Упр. 9. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. How is oil and gas industry historically regarded?
2. When did the development of the Russian oil and gas industry begin?
3. What does oil industry present for firms?
4. What is the most important task set for the gas industry?
5. What can gas industry initiate?
6. What led to a significant increase in the volumes of oil extraction in the first half of the 20th century?
7. The oil industry plays a significant role in Russia’s politics and foreign policy, does not it?
8. Are oil and gas more than commodities?
9. What is still a system-forming industry?
10. Why does Russia play an important part in the formation of word prices?
Упр. 10. Обсудите содержание текста, используя следующие разговорные формулы:
According to the text; I can add; the subject of the text is; I’d like to say that; as a matter of fact; broadly speaking; as far as I know; to my mind; in my opinion; I’d like to say some words about; it’s important to say that; it should be pointed; as is known; the text is about; the text deals with; the content of the text; it should be noted that.
Урок 2.
Тема: Технология добычи нефти.
Задание. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание, пользуясь списком новых слов и словосочетаний. Выполните следующие за ним упражнения.