Over a three – year period
1The number of employees rose in 2006 and then returned to the 2005 level.
2 The number of employees remained constant throughout the period.
3 The number of employees decreased gradually over the three years.
4 The number of employees increased slightly in 2006 and then remained steady.
5 The number of employees rose steadily each year.
ASSIGNMENT 13
· Match sentences 1 – 8 to those with similar meanings a – h. Which two phrases are odd?
1 The book value of our assets has jumped. a Our turnover almost doubled.
2 Production costs fluctuate over the year. b The value of our buildings and
equipment has climbed.
3 Last year our billings rose by 45%. c Our overheads should level off.
4 Liquidity will dip if payments are late. d Our operating costs are dropping.
5 Liabilities reach a high when business is e Cash flow will deteriorate if we allow
slow in August. customers more credit.
6 In 2009 our stock slid to a record low. f Our debt peaks at the end of summer.
7 Variable costs arefalling. g Our shares slumped during the crash.
8 We expect fixed costs to stabilize. h Cost of sales varies from month to month.
ASSIGNMENT 14
· Translate into English:
значительно превосходить, существенный спад, постоянно колебаться, незначительное ухудшение, стремительно достигать высшей точки, регулярно бить рекорд, скромное сокращение, постепенно снижаться, заканчивать резким скачком, в конечном счете отыграть результаты, быть намного ниже показателей, медленно расти, заметнoe снижение, незаметно выравниваться, приближаться к результату, неизменно занимать первое место, драматичный провал, плохо начать, редко превышать уровень, медленно зарабатывать очки, очевидное восстановление, внезапное обрушение, переживать возрождение, упорно сохранять лидирующую позицию
3 WORDS AT WORK
PREPOSITIONS
ASSIGNMENT 16
· Study the following text and work out the meaning of the prepositions of, to, by, at from the context they are used in.
College Costs Reach as High as $ 75.000
The cost of a college is continuing to climb far more rapidly than inflation according to a new
College Board survey. At some of the nation's most prestigious private colleges and universities,
the survey indicates, the total four-year cost of a bachelor's degree has reached $ 75.000.
According to new College Board, data tuition and required fees will rise an average of 6 percent at four-year public colleges and two-year private schools, and by 5 percent at two-year community colleges, where tuitions are relatively low.
The nation's most expensive undergraduate institution is Bennington College, a fine arts school in Southern Vermont, whose total annual cost is estimated at $ 19.400. Other prestigious schools, including the University of Chicago and most Ivy League schools are charging more than $12.000 in tuition this fall, and estimate their total costs at $18.000 to $19.000.
BAR CHART
ASSIGNMENT 17
· Study the charts and choose the correct label a, b or c for each of them.
ASSIGNMENT 18
· Choose the correct preposition for the following sentences:
1 The sales figures of the product fluctuated at/around/by 25 points.
2 The unemployment rate fell gradually about/near/to just under 1000.000.
3 There was a steady downward trend during the next year finishing up by/at/on zero level.
4 Next year the scores revived till/to/near 55 points.
5 Thecompany ended the season with the results reaching the lowest point by/at/of 5 points.
6 There was a rapid fall to/of/on 4000 kg, but then the product recovered at/to/up 7000 kg.
7 Purchases of the product hit their low on/in/at around $1000.
8 The rate alternated near the average level till May and then there was a sharp take off to/at/under
6.5 percent.
9. During the season the points were varying in the range on/of/in 5 till/by/to 15 pt.(points).
10.The best results in/over/at 30 pt. were shown by the rival business.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
RULES:
| TO ADD A SIMILAR, EQUAL IDEA |
| also besides furthermore Community colleges offer preparations for many occupations: also/ besides/ in addition furthermore/in addition/moreover, they prepare students to a four-year moreover college or university. a s well Community colleges offer preparation for many occupations; they prepare students to transfer to a four-year college or university as well. too Community colleges offer preparation for many occupations; they prepare students to transfer to a four-year college or university, too. |
| TO ADD AN UNEXPECTED OR SURPRISING CONTINUATION |
| however nevertheless The cost of attending a community college is low, however/nevertheless/ nonetheless nonetheless/still many students need financial aid. still |
| TO ADD A COMPLETE CONTRAST |
| on the other hand Tuition at a community college is low; on the other hand/in contrast/while/ in contrast whereas tuition at schools is high. Whereas while/whilst |
| TO GIVE AN ALTERNATIVE POSSIBILITY |
| otherwise Students must take final exams; otherwise, they will receive a grade of incomplete . |
| TO ADD AN EXPECTED RESULT |
| Accordingly as a result consequently Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; accordingly/ hence as a result/consequently/hence/therefore/thus, most schools provide therefore separate English classes for each group. thus |
| TO ADD AN EXAMPLE |
| for example Most colleges now have a writing requirement for graduation; for instance for example/for instance, students at my college must pass a writing test before they register for their final semester. |
ASSIGNMENT 21
· Fill in the gaps with the appropriate adverbs. Several variants are possible.
1 Nowadays a lot of companies need to export,_____they are discovering the advantages of credit
insurance.
2 _____, it means that in Asia they can trade with no need for letters of credit.
3 _____, _____ there are many reasons for satisfaction with the company' position, there are also
a number of weaknesses which must be considered.
4 _____ this graph shows, our development costs have risen steadily,_____market prices are
falling.
5 A policy of tighter financial control has seen an increase of financial staff,_____the number of
employees has been reduced.
6 The report mentions a number of different products – cigars, yoghurt and jeans_____.
7 Over the last 25 years the company has expanded rapidly, _____now it has outlets throughout
the world.
8 In the last five years,_____, the company has met strong competition from other chain stores.
9 It doesn't offer quality products, high standards and effective service,_____.
10 They are not producing quality goods. _____we are having to reject a large number of finished
products.
11 The manager failed to give the clients relevant information and,_____, wasted their time.
12 The company' new reward system should encourage good workers,_____, there will be fights
between unions and management.