I Грамматические упражнения

1. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова:

trade cash

supplier bank

invoice shipment

account receipt

term recourse

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык:

1. предоставлять кредит
2. урегулированный счет
3. платить наличными
4. скидка при оплате наличными
5. штраф за неоплату счета в срок

3. Выпишите из текста 4-5 предложений, сказуемые которых выражены формой глагола “to be”. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

4. Выпишите из текста 4-5 предложений, сказуемые которых выражены модальными глаголами.

1. Дайте II и III формы следующих неправильных глаголов:

to sit

to mean

to put

to run

to shake

1. Образуйте II и III степени сравнения следующих прилагательных:

available

nice

good

readable

late

1. Переведите на английский язык предложения:

1. Торговый кредит зачастую доступен организациям на неформальной основе без требования при обращении за кредитом.
2. Юридическая помощь необходима при привлечении других финансовых источников.
3. Поставка товара будет произведена в двух недельный срок.
4. Мы не ознакомились с условиями оплаты.

8. образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы следующих предложений. Определите время и категорию каждого предложения, подчеркните подлежащее и сказуемое. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. It needs a substantial increase in time.
2. This was particularly true whenever the capital need was relatively small or short in duration.
3. They will often be willing to accept it.

1. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту контрольной работы:

1. What is trade credit?
2. What are cash on delivery requirements?
3. How payment terms can help secure extra capital?
4. How to use extended payment terms with suppliers?

1. Переведите текст контрольной работы на русский язык письменно.

II Фонетические упражнения

1. Найдите в тексте по 5 слов, где:

i [i] th [ð]

or [o:] t [∫]

1. Протранскрибируйте следующие слова:

added

delivery

recourse

negotiation

auditing

8 вариант

DEBT - TYPES & AVAILABILITY

Debt capital. Debt is an amount of money borrowed from a credi­tor. The amount borrowed is usually evidenced by a note, signed by the borrower, agreeing to repay the principal amount borrowed plus inter­est on some predetermined basis.

Borrowing Term. The terms under which money is borrowed may vary widely. Short-term notes can be issued for periods as brief as 10 days to fill an immediate need. Long-term notes can be issued for a pe­riod of several years.

Discounted Notes. In some case, particularly in short-term bor­rowing, the total amount of interest due over the term of the note is deducted from the principal before the proceeds are issued to the borrower. Such a note is called a discounted note.

Short-term Borrowing.

Short-term borrowing usually requires re­payment within 60 to 90 days. Notes are often renewed, in whole or in part, on the due date, provided that the borrower has lived up to the obli­gations of the original agreement and the business is a good lending risk.

Lines of Credit. When a business has established itself as being worthy of short-term credit, and the amount needed fluctuates from time to time, banks will often establish a line of credit with the business. The line of credit is the maximum amount that the business can borrow at any one time. The exact amount borrowed can vary according to the needs of the business but cannot exceed its established credit line.

These arrangements give the business access to its requirements up to the credit limit or line. However, the business pays interest only on the actual amount borrowed, not the entire line of credit available to it.

Long-term Debt. Long-term debt is borrowing for a period greater than one year. This general classification includes "intermediate debt'' which is borrowing for periods of one to 10 years.

Repayment Schedules.

When the terms of a debt are negotiated, a payment schedule is es­tablished for both interest obligations and principal repayment. The dates on which principal and interest payments are due should be scheduled carefully.

Mortgage Loan Repayment Schedules. Principal and interest payments on mortgages usually involve uniform monthly payments that include both principal and interest. Each successive monthly pay­ment reduces the amount of principal outstanding. Therefore, the amount of interest owed decreases and the portion of the monthly pay­ment applicable to principal increases. In the early years of a mortgage, the portion of the monthly payment applied against the principal is rel­atively small, but grows with each payment.

Term Loan Payment Schedules. For term loans, payment of prin­cipal and interest is ordinarily scheduled on an annual, semiannual or quarterly basis.

For example, a 5-year, $50,000 term note bearing 10% interest might have the following payment schedule specified in the note agree­ment:

Availability of short-term loans. Commercial banks are the ordi­nary source of short-term loans for the small business. For small busi­nesses, borrowed capital for periods greater than 10 years is usually available only on real estate mortgages. Other long-term borrowing usually falls into the "intermediate" classification and is available for periods up to 10 years. Such loans are called "term loans". The type and term of the loan should be based on the purpose for which the funds will be used.