Теоретическая грамматика

1. a) Speak about the distinction between language and speech. What is text? What is discourse? How are they related? b) Define the types of syntagmatic relations (predicative, coordinate or subordinate) in the following examples: 1. A smart student. 2. You and me 3. They were tired but happy. 4. Teach + er.

2. a) Describe the types of meaning. What types of grammatical meaning do you know? b) Define the following terms: opposition, transposition, neutralization.

3. a) What approaches to the parts of speech problem do exist? Describe at least four approaches: classical, functional, distributional, complex. b) What problems concerning gender do exist in the English language? Analyze the following pairs of words: 1. He – she. 2. Husband – wife. 3. Actor – actress.

4. a) What types of verbs do morphological, lexical-morphological, syntactic and functional classifications of English verbs include? b) Analyze the following verbs from the point of view of different classifications (regular / irregular, transitive / intransitive, notional / semi-notional, etc.): to blackmail, to have a smoke, to overcome, to arrive, to drizzle.

5. a) What is the category of aspect in English? Through what opposition is it realized? b) Give examples of the verbs that are forbidden to use in continuous tenses. What is specific about the usage of verbs “to think” and “to be” in continuous and simple tenses? Analyze the following sentences: I think you should

sell your car. – I am thinking of selling my car. You are very selfish. – You are being very selfish.

6. a) Into what types of syntactic relations can the syntactic units go? b) Give the classification of verb-phrases and define the following phrases: to take a book, to read books and newspapers, to read an English book.

Стилистика

1. a) What is sound instrumenting? What cases of sound instrumenting do you know? What is graphon? What types and functions of graphon do you know? b) Indicate the causes and effects of the following cases of alliteration, assonance and onomatopoeia: 1. Streaked by a quarter moon, the Mediterranean shushed gently into the beach. (I.Sh.)2. He swallowed the hint with a gulp and a gasp and a grin. (R. K.)

2. a) What are the functions of morphemic repetition? How are morphemes foregrounded in occasional words? What is the difference between occasional words and neologisms?b) State the function of the following cases of morphemic repetition: 1. She unchained, unbolted and unlocked the door. (A.B.) 2. It was there again, more clearly than before: the terrible expression of pain in her eyes; unblinking, unaccepting, unbelieving pain. (D.U.) 3. We were sitting in the cheapest of all the cheap restaurants that cheapen that very cheap and noisy street, the Rue des Petites Champs in Paris. (H.)

3. a) What are the main subgroups of special literary words? What do you know of terms, their structure, meaning, functions? What are the fields of application of archaic words and forms? b) State the type and function of literary words in the following examples: 1. "I must decline to pursue this painful discussion. It is not pleasant to my feelings; it is repugnant to my feelings." (D.) 2. "I am not in favour of this modern mania for turning bad people into good people at a moment's notice. As a man sows so let him reap." (O.W.)

4. a) What can you say about the meaning of a word and its relation to the concept of an object (entity)? What types of lexical meaning do you know and what stipulates their existence and differentiation? What connotational meanings do you know? What is the role of the context in meaning actualization? b) Speak about the difference between the contextual and the dictionary meanings of italicized words: 1. Mr. James Duffy lived in Chapelizod because he wished to live as far as possible from the city of which he was the citizen and because he found all the other suburbs of Dublin mean, modern and pretentious. (J.J.)2. He does all our insurance examining and they say he's some doctor. (S.L.)3. He seemed prosperous, extremely married and unromantic. (S.L.)

5. a) What are the main characteristics of slang?What do you know of professional and social jargonisms? What connects the stock of vulgarisms and social history?b) State the type and function of literary words in the following examples: 1. "I must decline to pursue this painful discussion. It is not pleasant to my feelings; it is repugnant to my feelings." (D.) 2. "I am not in favour of this modern mania for turning bad people into good people at a moment's notice. As a man sows so let him reap." (O.W.) 3. "He of the iron garment," said Daigety, entering, "is bounden unto you, MacEagh, and this noble lord shall be bounden also." (W.Sc.)

6. a) Give definitions to the following terms: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, play on words, irony, epithet, hyperbole, understatement, oxymoron. b) Analyze the given cases of metaphor from all sides mentioned above - semantics, originality, expressiveness, syntactic function, vividness and elaboration of the created image: 1. She looked down on Gopher Prairie. The snow stretching without break from street to devouring prairie beyond, wiped out the town's pretence of being a shelter. The houses were black specks on a white sheet. (S.L.)2. And the skirts! What a sight were those skirts! They were nothing but vast decorated pyramids; on the summit of each was stuck the upper half of a princess. (A.B.)

Теоретическая фонетика

1. a) Speak about the importance of phonetics as a theoretical discipline. b) Prove the connection of phonetics with grammar in the given examples: beg, compel, stop, work, nod, invent, live, recognize, wrap, pass, permit, rest.

2. a) Explain the essence of articulatory differences between vowels and consonants. b) Transcribe the given words and define those ones, in which the consonant in the middle is voiced: tracking, mother, robber, leisure, massive, stomach, razor, forgery.

3. a) Describe the syllabic structure of English words and define the main aspects of syllable in English. b) Transcribe the given words, put stress and define the number of syllables in each one: sibling, beggar, common, better, pudding.

4.a) Describe word stress in English and define the place of stress in English words. b) Give definitions to the following terms and provide your answer examples: phoneme, articulation, allophone, glottis.

5. a) Speak about components of intonation and the structure of English tone-groups. b) Transcribe and intone the given sentences according to the purpose of utterance: a) Lake District is one of the loveliest 'parts of Britain.b) Do you know

what I'm here for?c) What lovely weather we’re having today!d) What have you been doing all the day, my darling?

6.a) Speak about regional and stylistic varieties of English pronunciation. b) Define the type of sound modifications in the given word combinations and sentences: a) It’ll be a really good chance to see the world.b) in the cupboard, c) at the end of the lesson, d)let me do the task!e)here and there.