Задание № 1: Прочитайте следующий текст и переведите его с помощью словаря. При переводе обращайте внимание на ЛЕ к тексту. Перевод запишите в тетрадь для самостоятельной работы. Проверьте понимание прочитанного с помощью выполнения заданий.
Hardware
What is hardware? Webster's dictionary gives us the following definition of the hardware - the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical devices composing a computer system.
Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:
1. input hardware
2. processing hardware
3. storage hardware
4. output hardware
Input hardware
The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. it looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is a hand held device connected to the computer by small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the mouse pad, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to signal a menu selection or a command to the computer.
The light pen uses a light sensitive photoelectric cell to signal screen position to the computer. Another type of input hardware is optic - electronic scanner that is used to input graphics as well as typeset characters. Microphone and video camera can be also used to input data into the computer. Electronic cameras are becoming very popular among the consumers for their relatively low price and convenience.
Processing hardware
The purpose of processing hardware is retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions provided to the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the Central Processing Unit and main memory.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing activities that must take place. The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer, as well as the amount of main memory it can use effectively. With a well - designed CPU in your computer, you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time.
Memory is the system of component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.
RAM (random access memory) is the volatile computer memory, used for creating loading, and running programs and for manipulating and temporarily storing data;
ROM (read only memory) is nonvolatile, nonmodifiable computer memory, used to hold programmed instructions to the system.
The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform.
Storage hardware
The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent and retrieve when needed for processing. The most common ways of storing data are Hard disk, floppy disc and CD - ROM.
Hard disc is a rigid disc coated with magnetic material, for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.
Floppy disc (diskette) - thin, usually flexible plastic disc coated with magnetic material, for storing computer data and programs.
CD - ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a compact disc on which a large amount of digitized read - only data can be stored. CD - ROMs are very popular now because of the growing speed which CD - ROM drives can provide nowadays.
Output hardware
The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information is output in either hardcopy or softcopy form. Hardcopy output can be held in your hand, such as paper with text or graphics printed on it. Softcopy output is displayed on a monitor.
Monitor is a component with a display screen for viewing computer data, television programs, etc.
Printer is a computer output device that produces a paper copy of data or graphics.
Modem is an example of communication hardware - an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to or from computer via telephone or other communication lines.
Hardware comes in many configurations, depending on what the computer system is designed to do. Hardware can fill several floors of a large building or can fit on your lap.
Дополнительный словарь
amount - количество
capacity - вместимость
CPU, microprocessor - микропроцессор
hard disk - жесткий диск, «винчестер»
input hardware - устройство введения данных
keaboard - клавиатура
lap - колени
output hardware - исходные устройства отражения информации
processing hardware - устройства обработки данных
RAM - ОЗП (оперативное запам'ятовуючий устройство)
ROM - ПЗП (постоянное запам'ятовуючий устройство)
CD - ROM - накопитель на компакт-дисках (компакт-диск)
sensitive - восприимчивый, чувствительный
sophisticated - складнuй
storage hardware - устройство сохранения данных
temporarily - временно
purpose - цель
tier - ярус
to direct - управлять
to execute - выполнять
to interpret - переводить
to provide - обеспечивать
to reach - достигать
to retrieve - доставать, добывать
to roll - катать, перекатывать
volatile - летучий, неустойчивый, временный
Задание № 2: Дайте письменные ответы на вопросы.
1. What is the Webster's dictionary definition of the hardware?
2. What groups of hardware could be defined?
3. What is input hardware? What are the examples of input hardware?
4. What is mouse designed for? What is a light pen?
5. What is processing hardware? What are the basic types of memory used in a PC?
6. Can a PC - user change the ROM? Who records the information in ROM?
7. What is storage hardware? What is CD - ROM used for? Can a user record his or her data on a CD? What kind of storage hardware can contain more information: CD - ROM, RAM or ROM?
8. What is modem used for? Can PC - user communicate with other people without a modem?
Задание № 3: Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений являются верными, и запишите их в тетрадь для самостоятельной работы.
1. Computer is an electronic device therefore hardware is a system of electronic devices.
2. The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing.
3. Scanner is used to input graphics only.
4. The purpose of processing hardware is to retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions provided to the computer.
5. CPU reads and interprets software and prints the results on paper.
6. User is unable to change the contents of ROM.
7. Printer is a processing hardware because its purpose is to show the information produced by the system.
8. Modem is an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data from one computer to another via telephone or other communication lines.
9. The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent and retrieve them when needed for processing.
Задание № 4: Какие из представленных понятий относятся к оборудованию компьютерной системы?
1. program 6. command
2. mouse 7. port
3. CPU 8. cursor or the pointer
4. printer 9. keyboard
5. modem 10. character