Together with S. Seifullin in the 20-30 in the genre of lyric also worked a lot Ilyas Zhansugurov. Much has been written aboutIlyas Zhansugurov’s worksespecially about hisverses. Separately from the articles, a lot of monographs were published. But this doesn’t mean that all Ilyas Zhansugurov’s works as well as many other poets are thoroughly studied. Therefore, let’s talk about the features of the verse style of Ilyas Zhansugurov. When we talk about the poet's style, we understand thathis style was not developed in one day and went through many steps. According to this, it is noticeable that at the beginning of Ilyas Zhansugurov's work there is the influence of Abai's verses. Let's look at the verse "State" written in 1915-1916:
Eyes will open,
From words we go to action
Will the day we’ve been waiting so long come?
The storm and wind will begin to boil,
And rain and mudflow will start,
Raging!
To catch up,
We will miss the scene.
If in eight lines we see an example and the influence of Abai, then in the lines «The storm and wind will begin to boil, and rain and mudflow will start," we see Ilyas's own direction. Such a phrase as leading cattle or a man by wind and storm was not noticed in other worksof poets except Ilyas. In addition, the boiling of the rain and mudflow an example innovated by Ilyas. If you look at the word "boil" apart from verse, you can understand it as the boiling of water from heating, but the description of the huge mudflow with the word "boil" suggests that the poet wanted to depict an excessive natural phenomenon with this word. Thus expanding the meaning of a word or giving a special stress implies the beginning of a future change. Moreover, the fact that the first three lines were given in the form of a question describes the anxiety and excitement of the persona. Here is an example of a verse where I. Zhansugurov completely adopted the form of Abai's verses (using a six-line verse) and further developing the similarity of the agony of theAbay’spersona he wrote a verse "Tired" (1923):
From happiness,
Grief
My mood is deserted.
From enmity,
From friendship
The life is soaked up with poison.
From ignorance,
Untidiness
The wind took all, oh my sun!
Time passed,
I thought a lot
What is my art? Knowledge?
I thought,
Searched for a clutch,
What did I learn, what did I know?!
Became a swift enemy,
Scream poured out.
Fighting the mood
I cried and ripped up myself.
As the fallen behind puppy from the dog,
Only squeals of the soul.
If you wanttake them away
This is a gift of fate!
Here, in the words «soaked up with poison" describes the intensification of the experience of the persona, which, as a result, similarwithM. Zhumabaev. In addition, asking the question and not finding the answer in the last line of the second verse and in the third line of the third verse describes the despair and anxiety of the poet. In addition, the use of the verb as "poured out" at the end of the eighteenth line indicates the peculiarity of Ilyas. Words like "crying" "suffered" are written in a figurative and in a more extensive way. As a result, the word "poured out", although the conditionally visible measure and the volume of feelings indicate a higher degree of excitement of the persona. And the masterful use of the word "ripped up" by the poet, as if the tissue was torn and shows the conditional degree of suffering of the persona. By using such a convention, feelings that cannot be seen and touched, grief corresponds to the object or action visible to the eye (when the tissue is torn it is visible to the eye and can be heard).
When we talk about the peculiarity of I. Zhansugurov, we talk about his grouping of verbs and with the help of this describing the anxiety of the persona. Therefore, we want to draw attention to the verse of the Ilyas "Poet" written in 1923:
The spirit grieves; the hole is your grave,
Embracing sobbing cast tears from the eyes.
Angry with bitter thoughts, becoming a storm,
Go for the sun, wander through the firmament, and bypass the sky!
A stir in the soul of a walrus,
Do not see the four corners of the neighborhood… predict
As the wind breathes on the mountains and stones…conjureе.
Kiss, Beg, deceive, bewitch, charm the soul...
So, in the last line of the initial verse three verbs were used ("go for", "wander" "bypass") in the last line of the last verse five verbs are used. This use of verbs leads to the disclosure of enthusiasm, the struggle of the feelings of the persona. For example, it describes how a persona chases the sun (is it literally possible) wanders around the sky, bypasses the sky. Such complex tasks serve to describe the special character of the persona. In addition, after the word "kiss" is written "Beg, deceive, bewitch, charm the soul" are an example of complement and intrigue to each other. Of course, the binding of so many verbs in Ilyas's verses makes a better sound, obscures the meaning of the word. And such methods were not wasted. The use of words in random combinations, the improvement of the meaning of words, etc. gives I. Zhansugurov his own use of the word, the personal style of the persona. In this manner the verse «Himalayas" (1929) was written, where we can see how good Ilyas became.
Whitens the tip hidden in show,
Suckle a chest of the sky,
Like a mother in a golden day
Sending the mudflow, washing one day,
Directing the wind, he once caught fire,
Periodic hugging,
At times pouring light
Growing up a tall Himalayas...
It is known that all the words in this passage except the word "Himalayas" are aimed to describing, identifying and decorating the mountain. If we first ask ourselves why they praise Himalays so highly, the answer can be found in the main idea of the work.
And the most important idea of the verse: If the oppressed people unite, it will become the same as the mountain, great and mighty. It becomes clear that in order to prove the correctness of the opposition of the people against the colonialists, it was necessary to describe the might of the mountain. We can see that every word, every phrase is aimed to describing the power of the mountain and the immense power that the people can acquire. If to understand, the initial word in the example "whitens" (azalap in Kazakh) begins with the letter a (the repeated letters "a" inside the word strengthen the effect) and ahead of the last word "Himalayas" is the word beginning with the letter "a" "Asgar-high "And five more words beginning with this letter also preserve harmony thus preserving the melodic nature of sounds throughout the verse. Such a sound in the initial line is supported by a phrase describing the excess snow "hidden in snow" (if it were not much that would hardly be able to bury the top of the mountain), and in the second line describing how the "Suckle a chest of the sky " describes the admiration for progress and strength. And indeed, considering that the word "Suckle a chest " is used for babies up to two years who are breastfeeded, the suckling "chest of the sky" is not only about age but also about the need of water for body. And after all the belief about the height used words "as a mother" and "day" and between them the word "gold" attaches special significance to the words said. In addition, taking into account that the word gold begins with the letter a(in Kazakh), it supplements and harmonizes the sound in the whole verse as discussed above (in saying a golden day, we equate grandeur corresponding to the greatness of the mountain). So, considering such peculiarities, it's not so easy to "send the mudflow" and wash the Himalayas. If we take into account that the mudflow we call a huge stream of water, we can see that the day that sends the village and takes such a huge gift the mountain have great strength, authority and power. After suggestion with such wonders, even the usual lines that go on seem impressive. For example, if we take separately the phrase "send the wind" to blow once, "hug periodically", "occasionally light it", then it seems that there is no previous power. As the saying goes, "will it be easy for the one who follows the strong," so after all the miracles in the passage the rest of the description seems to be easy, not important. The eight lines of the couplet are dedicated to the admiration of the mountain, while the last three lines say that there is demand even from such a majestic mountain:
I could not get the light of these days,
The top in the haze, the slope is narrow...
High Himalayas, why so?!
In the following lines, the same method is repeated. If in the second verse there are a harmony of sound "b" and a combination of details describing the image of the mountain. The first eight lines are aimed at describing the features of the mountain, then the last three lines show that there is a suppressor of this huge. In the third line, the same method is repeated:
Not hurrying, raging, worried,
He rocked outrageously,
On the plain as horses race,
On the shoulders threaded,
Destroying the mountain, rolling stones,
Splatteringsaid the words,
Why did the rivers scream?
I have not received the secrets of these waters,
Eyebrows of sheer rocks, an icy nose,
High Himalayas, why so?
From the first lines Ilyas as usual uses verbs, grouping them and thus gives a special accent. And the words in the second line "rocked" the "height" we see an abundance of water and a strong current (can a high mountain suffer?). In addition, if the word «On the plain as horses race» shows the speed of water, then in the words «On the shoulders threaded «points to the stronghold of the mountain support obstructing the head of water. Just the phrase "destroying the mountain" indicates the volume and pressure of water (a small amount of water will not destroy the mountain), and by the phrase "rolling stones" you can understand the strength of the stream. Because it is clear that the stones themselves can not move. In order to make it move, either independently it was necessary to point out the power and strength of the water. Nevertheless, despite the strength of the river, in the words "I have not received the secrets of these waters" there is a great sense. It is said about some great secret more than the rest and it is said more likely about the colonization of the Kazakhs and the need tofight for freedom. And in the initial verse and in the long second part, the called "answer" is the idea of fighting for freedom. We want to note the fact that Jansugurov like S. Seifullin describes mostly simple phenomena and urgent and important topics. Indeed, despite the breadth of the mountain, his burdens are the same:
The cloud dripped, lashed,
Like a fountain the sun will appear.
Under this fountain
The exhausted sound emits.
Tortured and grieved.
The top is either panting,
What god squeezed him?
Did lightning fall?
Can the enemies have already seized the land?
High Himalayas why so?
And the consonance in these lines and the end of lines in the form of a question shows Ilyas' preference for conventionality and embellishment in verse, rather than a direct description.
If in the verse "Altai" S.Seifullin writes about the elevation of distant feelings and unusual actions and describes in more detail, while Ilyas differs more by an unclear description of the concept. Ilyas Like his colleague Magzhan preferred the conventionality of the description of the naturalness of the phenomenon, and the exaggeration of the event not only with actions in a certain time but regardless of nations, the time of general civil problems. If we rely on such a boundary, attention is drawn to the fact that the mountain is not suffocating at a certain moment, but it can happen again in the future. If you take the concept of "choking" separately, and understand how much power you need to make someone stop breathing, then imagine how much effort you need to have someone who can make the mountain choke. Consider the word "gasping" as exaggeration and convention. Saying that more convention than accuracy means that there is no exact description of what someone is strangling or drowning a mountain in the water. In addition, let’s take a look at the verse «Answer":
Dug its sun, drowned it,
Froze the river like a stone.
Rock and ice grabbed in its hands,
Pressing with force.
Frost hurried, not allowing himself to recover,
Choked on his blood.
As if the fog squeezed him.
And he could not seem to get out of this fog,
Heart wound the eyes of the lake,
Himalayas poor unhappy, -
It is known that it is impossible to bury and drown the sun. And in the verse the poet makes believe in it. The strength of the frost is so powerful that it "froze the river like a stone" (try to break the stone). In addition, this line is a proof of the exact description. Indeed, it is known that frost can greatly freeze the river. But nevertheless, one cannot say that there is no convention and exaggeration here. In this case he is very similar to colleague Saken. Nevertheless, we cannot say this with the third, fifth and sixth lines of the verse. In these lines there are no accuracy butmore hints, and exaggeration prevail. Because we do not see exactly who is pushed into the rock by force. In the lines «Rock and ice grabbed by hands» we see the action, but we do not see who owns this action. The same convention can be seen in the lines «Heart wound the eyes of the lake».
It is clear that the conventionality is seen in the words that the mountain has a heart, but the words that the heart of the mountain is wounded exaggerate its feature. The same opinion can be expressed in many other details of the work. So, we can say that Ilyas differs from the rest not usual difficulties as in S.Seifullin, but his unusual description, conditional portrait, ascension in verse.
Speaking about the style of M. Zhumabaev, it is worth remembering the opinion of Zh. Aimauytov, said in 1923: "Magzhan put a lot new things into Kazakh literature: he translated Russian symbolism (figurativeness) into Kazakh, translated verses into music, translated sound into an image, spiritualized words, Invented new measures. Strengthened romanticism developed the language. «M. Zhumabaev's poetic gift was widely discussed in the articles of Sh. Aleukenov, A. Tazhibaev, T. Kakishev, and B. Maitanov. Considering the poetry of Magzhan in detail, it should be noted that his main feature is not among his colleagues (S.Seifullin, I.Zhansugirov, S.Mukanov and others). This feature consists in the fact that in more detail the poet preferred a conditional, exaggerated, allegorical description of the event. Of course, convention and exaggeration are also found in other poets. In particular, this is evident in S. Seifullin's poetry.
Nevertheless, it must be stipulated that each author has his own approach ofdescribing convention and exaggeration. Therefore, we must necessarily learn the secret of Magzhan. Undoubtedly, avoiding the verbatim specification, we avoid discussing one-sidedness and realism. However, illusory is illusory, and as they say, what can be better than an accurate description, so that there was no regret to reveal some points. In this regard, speaking of sonority in fiction, or rather in poetry, we mean the inability of the poet to write only one motive and direction and use a wide range of descriptions of reality. In the beginning, it should be said that M. Zhumabayev avoiding accuracy did not pursue a specific goal. This arose primarily because the poet was searching for the truth not only within the same time or within one nation but in general for all times and for all people. It is important for a poet not to divulge his preference for an event. Satisfied with Russian, Western and Eastern poetry, having his own view of the events of the twentieth century, M. Zhumabaev draws attention to the possibility of having versatile feelings of the persona. Trying to explain this versatility, the poet differed in that he did not consider his specific direction. For example, let's look at the verses of three poets written at the same time and on the same topic. In the verse «Freedom» by Sabit Mukanov, written in 1919 describes the hard life of the Kazakh poor:
Working all day without a breath,
You lie not on a bed, but a smoked nightmare,
The rich man gives a lousy blanket saying "freeze"
I was glad the horns jumped out.
Here, along with a description of the plight of the poor man with the words " smoked nightmare " (that is, with a detailed description), the general description of suffering is associated with naturalism ("lousy blanket"), instead of directly describing the poor man's joy when he received things from the rich man, the poet chose to use the finished traditional A stable word combination ("the horns jumped out"). Nevertheless, one description of the "smoky nightmare" is very accurate (if we consider the accuracy conditionally and comparatively in accordance with the nature of the lyrics) indicates the poor state of the poor man and the sympathy of the lyric hero. Along with this, in this verse the revolution is described by ready-made symbols and changes like a storm, freedom like the sun, happiness as flowers:
The storm that once raged arose…,
The clouds parted, the sun came out.
Out came the greenery, the earth blossomed like a paradise,
It was filled with red, yellow and green colors.
So in one work there can be not only hints and precise and symbolic descriptions but also the call and direct agitation of the persona at the end of the work when the poet at a certain moment (does not apply to all times) specifically honored personal successes. If we understand narrowly realism as serving only one generation or a certain goal, not paying attention to other aspects of artistic conditions, then this verse, compared to the verses of Magzhan and Saken that we want to compare, can be considered close to life, to the realities of time and especially Valuable, and even "low grade" for some. Despite the fact that the passage seems close to life, nevertheless the poet at the same time there is also a flaw that weakens the verse. Because such explanations as "if you work, knowledge and your art will be yours", because the instructions are given without anything specific, superficial. S.Seifulin's verse "set off with a rush" is very close to S.Mukanov's recently researched verse "Freedom" (it is not for nothing written at the end of the verse "meeting of freedom"). In this verse, there are no exact descriptions of the poor man's hard life. (It is not said that in one verse everything should be described). In addition, if the description and collection of all the difficulties, the hinting through some characters is in S. Mukanov (above in the example described as the storm stopped and the sun came out) then in this passage the same symbols are described in a broader and more developed format:
We felt that the dawn had come,
We woke up grudgingly,
They began to wake up,
They were whispering, afraid of the night.
... Dumping light on the earth and the sky
The dawn comes bright;
Flushed happiness fluttering,
His heart was beating trembling.
If the author here with the words "woke up" describes collectively the habitat of the persona and the growth of the people's consciousness, the word «grudgingly» emphasizes how the action in the beginning was weak and slow.
Also the word "grudgingly" means to grow upward to show the difference between the previous state. Speaking of the word "whisper", it is consonant and rhymes with the word «grudgingly " and also shows the initial poor state of the persona. And in the second verse it is said symbolically, as the sunrise dawn comes (dawn symbol of freedom) and the accuracy inherent in such convention (not just the sun rose like S. Mukanov's, but the radiant dawn). This combination in this verse separately describes certain feelings of the persona and connects it with a special description. We say this because there was a flood of happiness here (if you say that the water poured this accurate description, the abstract concept of fun as not abstract water poured out showing a huge amount of fun) describes the great happiness of the persona, and the word "trembling" describes some kind of quality of feelings. And the last line (... heart trembling) reveals the inner excitement of the persona deeper.
If we ask what is the peculiarity of the verse "Freedom" by M. Zhumabayev written in the same theme, then we cannot say that the symbol of freedom is not dawn, but an angel. It's not that the symbolism is unusual (not to mention that comparing freedom with an angel is not peculiar to S. Mukanov and S. Seifullin), but in that Magzhan describes and decorates this symbol. In the beginning, the poet is not limited to simply hinting at difficulties, but on the contrary, exalts him and develops:
When the whole world will cover the blood,
His foam will reach heaven,
Demons become friends of people,
Forget equality and directness,
The gospel of the Crane will tear,
They will lie under their feet.
Here the exaggeration, the conventionality (the whole world is bleeding the blood this conditional exaggeration) goes along with an unusually accurate description (of blood so much that a lot of foam appears and it reaches the skies). Moreover, the fact that the demon has become a friend to man is the fruit of convention. Since we understand that this is not a literal meaning of it means that a person has associated with a bad, immoral enemy, and besides, the word "devil" is given by some kind of fear. The fact that the Gospels and the Koran was torn and thrown out should be understood not only as the fact that at that time the majority of people were believers and did not perceive it as the fact that in those days there was a negative attitude towards belief in prohibited countries, but on the contrary it should be understood as a result People's traditional perception. In verses, freedom is compared with an angel:
... The doors of heaven opened,
The light of paradise poured out.
Freedom arrived.
A cosmic glowing face,
Pure silk words,
Beautiful diamond wings.
It is known that there are no doors in heaven and that it does not open to the world. That is, the opening of the doors in heaven shows the dignity of the angel symbolizing freedom. "Shining face", "pure silk words", "beautiful white diamond wings" indicate the breadth of freedom and how the poet appreciates it. Let's remember how Saken beautifully and lovingly describes the horse the symbol of independency.
To meet the dawn
We found the horses.
On the tuft a red bouquet
We dressed.
Red fringe holding a galloon,
The silk bedspread was covered.
Fighting with silver wormwood,
We were well pasturing.
(Verse "Hurrying to go on the road")
Here the exact description (to put a spark on the crest of a stallion) merges with the decoration (red, a beautiful bouquet, silk veil, wormwood silver). Nevertheless, decorating the symbol of freedom, even though both poets have a similarity in the use of convention and description, having read completely the verses it is clear that each poet described beauty in his own way. If S. Seifullin describes the assurance of a speedy release, his final fixation and a feeling of happiness throughout the verse, M. Zhumabaev does not have an intoxicated feeling, but rather a sense of anxiety and vigilance. That is, he does not take separately the realities of that time (the establishment of freedom), but worries and warns about possible future difficulties, thereby differing from his fellow poets. M. Zhumabayev's verses do not write about the ecstasy of victory, but on the contrary does not alleviate the problems and gives some coldness:
Freedom is the best angel
Wants to fly into space
Prepares his wings.
Глоссарий
a set of individual rights - переченьправличности
abuse of power - злоупотребление властью / полномочиями
according to law - в соответствии с законом
accused - обвиняемый
suspect - подозреваемый
administration of legislation - применение законодательства
administrative law - административное право
arbitration clause - арбитражная оговорка / соглашение
arbitration - арбитражный / третейский суд
arson - поджог
assassinate - убивать (политического / общественного деятеля)
assault - атаковать, нападение, оскорбление
assignment - уступка, переуступка
attenuating circumstances - смягчающие обстоятельства
aggravating circumstances - отягчающие обстоятельства
attorney - адвокат, юрист
proxy holder - доверенное лицо, поверенный
attorney for defence - адвокатпозащите
attorney for the plaintiff - адвокатистца
attorney-general - генеральный прокурор
authenticate - авторизовать, удостоверять, скреплять подписью
bailiff - судебный исполнитель / пристав
bankruptcy petition - заявление о признании банкротом
battery - избиение
bilateral agreement - двустороннее соглашение
binding - обязательный к исполнению
blackmail - шантаж
breach of contract - нарушение договора / контракта
breaker of the peace - нарушитель общественного порядка
breaking and entering - взломспроникновением
commercial law - коммерческоеправо
common law - общееправо
company law - корпоративноеправо
comparative law - сравнительноеправо
competent court - компетентныйсуд
complicity - соучастие
accomplice - сообщник, соучастник
confinement cell - следственный изолятор (СИЗО)
conflict of laws - коллизионное право
congressional statute - законодательный акт конгресса
contempt of court - неуважение к суду
contracting party - договорная сторона
conveyancing law - нормы права, касающиеся передачи собственности на недвижимость
convicted - заключённый
copyright - издательское право
counsel (legal advisor) - юрисконсульт
court of appeal - апелляционныйсуд
crime (offence) - преступление
criminal (felon) - преступник
criminal code - уголовныйкодекс
criminal liability - уголовнаяответственность
criminal procedure - уголовныйпроцесс
death penalty/capital punishment - смертнаяказнь
declarant - декларант, заявитель, истец
deed of gift - дарственная; договор дарения
defendant (accused) - обвиняемый, ответчик, подсудимый
delinquent - правонарушитель
detain - задержать
disciplinary punishment - дисциплинарное наказание
disorderly conduct - хулиганство, мелкое хулиганство
distribution of drugs - распространение наркотиков
effective date - дата вступления в силу
embezzlement - хищение, растрата, присвоение имущества
enforcement of law - применение права
exclusion (exemption) clause - оговорка об исключении
fabricate - подделывать
falsify - фальсифицировать
fair rent - честный доход с недвижимости
family law - семейное право
felony - тяжкое уголовное преступление
fixed term contract - контракт на определенный срок
forgery - подделка, подлог, фальсификация документа
found guilty (innocent) - признать виновным (невиновным)
fraud (swindle) - мошенничество
guarantee deposit - гарантийный взнос
harassment - домогательство
homicide - убийство
house-arrest - домашний арест
house search - домашнийобыск
illegal (unlawful) - неправомерно
in case of controversy - вслучаесудебногоспора
in force - в силе; действующий
in good faith - добросовестный
indemnify - возмещать убыток
indictment обвинительное заключение
informed consent осознанное согласие
injunction судебный запрет
insolvent неплатежеспособный
international police (interol) международная организация уголовной полиции (Интерпол)
interrogate допрашивать
invalidate признавать недействительным
jointly and severally совместно и порознь
judicial bodies органыправосудия
juridical/juristic person/legal entity юридическоелицо
jurisprudence судебная практика; юриспруденция
jury присяжные
juvenile court суд по делам несовершеннолетних
kidnapping похищение человека с целью выкупа
labor law трудовое право, КЗоТ (кодекс законодательства о труде)
lack of evidence отсутствие улик
land law земельное право
lapsed недействительный
law and order правопорядок
law enforcement agencies правоохранительные органы
law of contract договорное право
law reports сборник судебных решений
lawmaking законотворчество
legal action (lawsuit)
судебный процесс; иск; тяжба
legal charges (legal fees) юридические расходы
legal domicile юридический адрес
legal proceedings судопроизводство, судебная процедура, судебное преследование
legal representative юридический представитель
legal system правовая система
legislate издавать законы
lessee арендатор, лизингополучатель, наниматель
tenant арендатор, жилец, наниматель, квартиросъемщик
letter of intents письмо о намерениях
liability in contract обязательства по контракту
licensee обладатель лицензии
lien creditor кредитор, имеющий залоговое обеспечение
life imprisonment пожизненное заключение
limitation period срок исковой давности
magistrate магистрат
malicious killing злонамеренное убийство
manslaughter непредумышленное убийство
misdemeanour судебно наказуемый проступок
money laundering отмывание денег
mortgage ипотечный, залоговый
mugging хулиганство, уличный грабеж
murder убийство
notarization нотариальное заверение
notary public нотариус
notice сообщение, оповещение
minor несовершеннолетний
offence against the person преступление против личности
offender преступник, правонарушитель
omission бездействие
on bail под залог, на поруки
ownership of property право собственности
partial agreement частичное соглашение
patent патент, патентование, привилегия
patent office патентное бюро
patent pending заявка на патент на рассмотрении
penitentiary system пенитенциарная система
per procurationem, by proxy по доверенности
perjury лжесвидетельство, ложные показания
petition for appeal апелляционная жалоба
petition for review кассационная жалоба, заявление в суд о пересмотре дела
petty offence мелкое правонарушение
physical person физическое лицо
piece of evidence улика
plaintiff истец
power of attorney письменная доверенность
premeditated преднамеренный, заранее спланированный
preventive detention cell камера предварительного заключения КПЗ
principal исполнитель
probation officer инспектор, наблюдающий за поведением условно осужденных преступников
prosecutor прокурор
proxy представитель, полномочный
(a)quittance освобождение от обязательств
rape изнасилование
register a trademark зарегистрировать товарный знак
repeated offence рецидив
resolution разрешение (спора), приговор
retroactive касающийся прошедшего
right of counsel право пользоваться помощью адвоката
rights of audience authority правовыступатьвсуде
rights on industrial patent правонапромышленныйпатент
robbery ограбление с применением насилия, грабёж, разбой
embezzlement хищение
shoplift кража из магазина
slander клевета
smuggle контрабанда
specimen signature образец подписи
speeding превышение дозволенной скорости
subpoena повестка в суд
summon witnesses вызванные в суд свидетели
swear an oath приносить присягу
swindler мошенник
testimony показание
the bench состав суда (судьи)
the execution of the sentence приведение в исполнение приговора
the regulations in force действующие постановления
the right to a fair trial право на справедливое судебное разбирательство
abandon an action отказаться от иска, прекратить дело
award a contract заключить договор
break an agreement нарушить договор
bring a case before the court возбудитьиск
certify засвидетельствовать
come into force вступать в действие, войти в силу
come to terms достичь соглашения
commute punishment смягчать наказание
declare null and void аннулировать, объявлять недействительным
defraud мошенничать
file a complaint подавать жалобу
give due notice своевременно оповестить
have full legal powers иметьполномочия
infringe нарушать (закон)
lapse утрачивать силу
plead guilty признать себя виновным
plead to the constitution ссылаться на конституцию
revoke отменять, объявить недействительным
settle a dispute урегулировать спор
trial revenue судебныеиздержки
vigilante justice самосуд
warrant of arrest ордернаарест
[1]Abdirahmanov T. Secret of poet, Almaty, Zhazushy, 1964; М. Duysenov, I. Zhansugurov, Almaty, Gylym, 1965.
[2]We have a lot to say about the influence of Abai on Ilyas especially in the period of his formation. See: Karataev M. Thoughts about literature. Almaty, KMKAB, 1958, 295-296; Tazhibayev A. Life and poetry, KMKAB, 1960, 117; M. Duysenov, I. Zhansygyrov, Almaty, Galym, 1965, 22 p.
[3]The unnecessary pursuit of sounds in the lyrics of I. Zhansugurov in his time was well described by A. Tazhibaev. See: «From the history of Kazakh lyrics» (1960). Works, in 4th volumeтомы, Almaty, Zhazushi, 1981, 160-161 pages.
[4]Мағжанныңақындығытуралы. «МағжанЖұмабаев. Шығармалары» iшiнде. Жазушы, 1989, 428 б.
[5]ЕлеукеновШ. Мағжан. «Жұлдыз» журналы, 6, 1989 ж; Абай мен Мағжан. Жұлдыз, 2, 1993 ж; Тәжiбаев Ә. Тарихымыз бүтiнделiп келедi. Жалын, 2, 1989; Кәкiшев Т. Әр дарынның өз орны бар. «Қазақ әдебиетi» газетi, 2 наурыз, 1990 ж. 6-7 б; Майтанов Б.Тарихи тақырыпқа ақындық көзқарас. Жұлдыз, 12, 1991. т.б.