| 1. career 2. treat 3. intelligence 4. observation 5. experimentation 6. analysis 7. invent 8. practitioner 9. reduce stress 10. disaster 11. victim 12. bystander 13. recover 14. flexibility 15. schedule 16. skill 17. interpret data 18. experience 19. care for 20. mental disorder | карьера лечить интеллект, ум наблюдение эксперимент анализ изобретать практик уменьшать стресс катастрофа, несчастье жертва свидетель, очевидец восстанавливаться, приходить в себя, выздоравливать гибкость, приспособляемость расписание, план навык, умение интерпретировать данные опыт (жизненный) заботиться о психическое нарушение, психическое расстройство |
Прочитайте и переведите текст, используя словарь.Careers in Psychology
There are many careers in psychology. Psychology includes both research, through which we learn fundamental things about human and animal behaviour, and practice, through which that knowledge is applied in helping people to solve problems. Psychology is an extremely varied field. Psychologists conduct research, serve as consultants, diagnose and treat people, and teach future psychologists and other types of students. They test intelligence and personality.
As scientists, psychologists use scientific methods of observation, experimentation and analysis. But psychologists also need to be creative in the way they apply scientific findings.
Psychologists are frequently innovators, inventing new approaches to people and societies. They develop theories and test them in their research. As they collect new information, these findings can be used by practitioners in their work with clients and patients.
As practitioners psychologists work in laboratories, hospitals, courtrooms, schools and universities, prisons and corporate offices. They work with business executives, performers, and athletes to reduce stress and improve performance. They advise lawyers on jury selection and cooperate with educators on school reform. Immediately following a disaster, such as a plane crush or bombing, psychologists help victims and bystanders recover from the shock of the event.
Involved in all aspects of our world, psychologists must keep up with what is happening around us. When you are a psychologist, your education never ends.
Most psychologists say they love their work. They say that they have a variety of daily tasks and the flexibility of their schedules.
The study of psychology is a good preparation for many other professions. Many employers are interested in the skills of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data, and their experience with statistics and experimental design.
Psychology is a very diverse field with hundreds of career paths. We all know about caring for people with mental and emotional disorders. Some other jobs like helping with the design of computer systems are less well-known. What all psychologists have in common is an interest in the minds of both humans and animals.
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3. Ответьте на вопросы, основываясь на содержании прочитанного текста.
• What does the field of psychology include?
• What innovations do psychologists make?
• Where do psychologists work?
• Who do psychologists work with?
• Do most psychologists like their work?
• What skills are many employers interested in?
• What do all psychologists have in common?
Ответьте на вопрос по теме урока, выразив собственное мнение (не менее 10 предложений).
• What sort of career in psychology would you prefer? Why?
What Makes Us Happy? (Что делает нас счастливыми?) Happiness is all about everyday, normal activities, psychologists have argued, but do we intuitively understand what strategies increase happiness or not? To find out if students knew, Tkach and Lyubomirsky (2006) asked 500 undergraduates about the strategies they used to increase their happiness.
Below are the strategies students reported using, starting with the most frequently used, down to the least. Also, for each strategy Tkach and Lyubomirsky looked at the relationship between its use and students' reported levels of happiness to see if those who used a particular strategy were actually happier.
Keep in mind that this is a correlational study. That means it can only tell us that two things - like having a social life and happiness - are related, not that one definitely causes the other. That said, there are other studies which do provide evidence of causality in some categories.
A social life
Social affiliation (присоединение; прием, принятие в члены) - hanging around with friends, helping others - was the most frequently reported method of increasing happiness. It also had the strongest relationship with student's actual happiness. No surprises here. Experiments manipulating people's social activity have found that when increased it leads to more happiness. It's gratifying to see that the number 1, most frequently used strategy probably does work!
Acting happy
Direct strategies like 'acting happy' and 'smiling' were the second most popular. While there is some experimental evidence to back this one up, Tkach and Lyubomirsky are cautious. I'd be cautious as well. 'Acting happy' might be useful as a short-term strategy but I'm not so sure about its useful in the long-term.