UDC 633.854.78:632.938
Belonging of Rhizopus pathogen species to generally accepted modern fungus classification of Rhizopus Ehrenb. genus is established. Morphological traits of these species are described. Information about this disease distribution and negative influence on seed quality is presented.
Optimization of soil treatments in agricultural crops cultivation
V. F. Baranov.
UDC 631.51
The article pays much attention to the necessity of differentiated approach to the choosing of soil treatment methods accounting definite soil climate conditions of various agrarian zones of Russian Federation in order to optimize supply of cultural crops with soil factors for high yield formation. The conclusion was done of the base of historical excursus and analysis of the present state of crop management in Russia in active introduction of foreign firms producing and supplying chemicals and machines for agricultural crops cultivation in our country.
Influence of cultivation technologies on yield of sunflower hybrid Triumph
E. N. Dukhnai, T.V. Fomenko.
UDC 633.854.78:631.5
The largest region of sunflower cultivation is the Northern Caucasus. Here about 40 % of this crop sowing areas is concentrated, and 50 % of total seeds yield this region supplies. Increase of productivity of sunflower seeds and improvement of their quality is the important problem of plant-growing. It was the reason to conduct researches on the leached chernozem of Western Ciscaucasus on educational farm "Kuban" in 2003-2005.
Harmfulness of the main seeds pests and its control
V. T. Piven, N. V. Ermakova.
UDC 633.854.78:632.9
The storage pest’s species were determined. It includes 42 beetle’s species from 15 families and six Lepidoptera species from three families. The harmfulness of the main widely spread species (Plodia interpunctella Hb., 0ryzaephilus surinamensis L, Tribolium confusum Duv.) on sunflower seeds were determined.
Treatment by insecticides of internal bags surface were used as the preventive measures of pest’s affection. In laboratory some preparations were studied: phosphorus-organic preparations basudin, aktellic; pyritroid insecticides decis, karate; neonicotinoids semaphore, konfidor, mospilan, tanrek, aktara, kruiser. The analysis of obtained results shoed this method to be affective to control main storage pest’s of seeds.
Development of the doctrine about the centers of origin of crops on example
of soybean Glycine max (L). Merrill
S. V. Zelentsov.
UDC 633.853.52:581.522.6
In article consecutive development of the doctrine about the centers of an origin of crops is tracked by the comparative analysis of circuits of an arrangement of the centers of speciation on N.I. Vavilov, P.M. Zhukovsky and J.R. Harlan. Modern representations about evolution of species of a genus Soja with a binding to the centers of an origin are in detail stated. On an example of soybean the polyploidy role in evolutionary process in the centers of origin is shown. The new concept of location of the secondary genetic centers is offered. The conclusion is made, that the active microcenter spontaneous polyploidy recombinogenesis of soybean in Western Ciscaucasia represents an example of new type of botanic-geographical center of formation of a genetic diversity of crops.
DNA genotyping on the SSR markers base – approbation and selection of optimal conditions
S. A. Ramasanova, S. Z. Guchetl, T.S. Antonova.
UDC 633.853.52:34.23.37
The technique of a soybean DNA extraction is optimized. Optimal conditions of DNA amplification and electrophoretic separation of PCR products for 10 microsatellite primers are selected. 31 allelic variant, suitable for DNA-genotyping of Glycine max (L.) Merr are revealed.
Dynamics of osmotic pressure of cellular juice in soybean plant tissues
G. M. Saenko, A. S. Luchinsky, S.V. Zelentsov.
UDC 633.853.52:582.683.2
There were studied 19 soybean samples of germplasm collection from various origins and degree of adaptation to high summer temperatures and deficiency of precipitation on a level of potential osmotic pressure of cellular juice in bottom internodes of plants. As a result of researches high-quality distinctions on this parameter in ontogenesis have been established. Four groups of varieties, distinguished by ontogenetic dynamics and level of osmotic pressure of cellular juice at late stages of development of plants are allocated.
Traits of soybean adaptability to unstable rain fall