THE PROFESSION OF A LAWYER
One of the most popular professions among the young people of our country is the profession of а lawyer. In their opinion (and that is exactly so) the legal profession is very interesting, diverse and quite necessary for regulation of social relations in the state. А graduate from the law faculty or law institute mау choose his place of work and occupation from a number of possible ones. Не can be either а barrister (attorney, counsel for the defence) at the Ваr or а judge at the Law Court. Не can be а prosecutor or a prosecutor’s assistant at the Prosecutor's Office. Не саn also be а notary at the notary office or а legal adviser at an enterprise or legal advice office. Не саn be a state arbitrator at the state arbitration or sometimes an investigator at the Prosecutor’s Office or in the organs of the police.
A lawyer should be а perfect expert in laws and their proper usage. Since the job of the lawyer may involve any kind of human activity, he mау deal with different types of people. Therefore last but not least а lawyer should be соmреtent in human psychology and human understanding.
So it is clear that the profession of а lawyer mау give а specialist а lot of opportunities to use his professional and personal competence and therefore he must administer justice only for the sake of «truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth».
II. Ответьтенавопросы.
1. What is one of the most popular professions among the young people?
2. Can a graduate from the law faculty work as a judge at the Law Court?
3. Does the lawyer deal with people?
4. What position can a lawyer have at an enterprise?
5. What spheres should a lawyer be competent in?
III. Прочитайте следующие утверждения и решите, какие из них правильные, какие –нет.
1. One of the most popular professions among the young people of our country is the profession of а lawyer.
2. Не can be а policeman at the Ваr.
3. Не can be а prosecutor or a prosecutor’s assistant at the Prosecutor's Office.
4. A lawyer should be the worst expert in laws and their proper usage.
5. А lawyer should be competent in human psychology and human understanding.
IV. Подберите к следующим словам и словосочетаниям правильный русский перевод.
| 1. lawyer | a. юрист |
| 2. legal profession | b. нотариус |
| 3. prosecutor | c. обвинитель, прокурор |
| 4. notary | d. юрисконсульт |
| 5. legal adviser | e. профессия юриста |
V. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующем времени и переведите предложения на русский язык.
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1. He … (to buy) a book on the criminal code yesterday.
2. The members of the Supreme Court … (to appoint) by the government.
3. Special magistrates Courts … (to deal) with juveniles.
4. There … (to be) 91 federal district courts in the country.
5. Quarter Sessions … (to take place) next month.
VI. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова или словосочетания в предложения.
1. Legal profession is very interesting, … and quite necessary.
2. А graduate from the … mау choose his place of work and occupation from a number of possible ones.
3. Не can be а … at the Prosecutor's Office.
4. A lawyer should be а perfect expert in … and their proper usage.
5. A lawyer must administer justice only … of «truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth».
ВАРИАНТ 20
I. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.
BRITISH SYSTEM OF LAW
There are three separate systems of law in the United Kingdom: the legal systems and law courts of 1. England and Wales; 2. Scotland; 3.Northern Ireland. However, there are some common features to all systems in the United Kingdom: the sources of law, the distinction between civil law and criminal law. The sources of law include: 1. written law (i.e. statutes) 2. Unwritten law (i.e. Common law and Equity) based on judicial precedent. The common law is also called “case law” or “judge-made law”. It means that when one judge had decided a point of law, any judge who has the similar set of facts must decide the case in the same way as in the earlier judgement. In other words, the judge uses the process of analogy. And it is in this way that the generations of judges have built up the Common law. The structure of courts in England and Wales looks like this:
HOUSE OF LORDS
COURT OF APPEAL COURT OF APPEAL
CRIMINAL DIVISION CIVIL DIVISION
CROWN COURTS HIGH COURT
Judge 1-3 judges
2 Magistrates COUNTY COURT
Jury Judge and Jury
MAGISTRATES ‘COURT MAGISTRATES’ COURT
3 Magistrates or 3 Magistrates
1 Stipendiary Magistrate
Criminal Civil
It is the Magistrates’ Courts (sometimes called police courts) that try the majority of all criminal cases and some civil cases. Magistrates’ courts are presided over by lay magistrates (also called justices of the peace – J.P.s) who work part-time and are unpaid. The courts consist of between 2 and 7 magistrates. In a few large cities there are also stipendiary magistrates who sit alone and have legal training. County courts are the main civil courts and the Crown Court deals with all the more serious criminal cases. It also hears appeals from magistrates’ courts. The accused has the right to trial by jury. There is the Central Criminal Court in London (the Old Bailey). The High Court hears all those civil cases that cannot be decided by county courts. The Court of Appeal hears both criminal and civil appeals and the House of Lords is the final appellate tribunal. The judges in the House of Lords are the ten “Lords of Appeal in Ordinary” (the “law lords”).
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II. Ответьтенавопросы.
1. What are some common features to all systems in the United Kingdom?
2. What do the sources of law include?
3. What cases do the Magistrates’ Courts try?
4. What are the main civil courts?
5. What right does the accused person have?