VIII. Write other examples of programming languages. How can they be used?
IX. Speak on programming languages and its kinds. Compare different programming languages.
UNIT 12.
I. Learn the following words and expressions:
a fairy accurately-сказочноточно
a fee-плата
a network-нейроннаясеть
a nuclear explosion-ядерныйвзрыв
a nuclear war-ядернаявойна
a packet switching-пакетнаякоммутация
a path-путь
a reliable alternative-надежнаяальтернатива
a single route-единственныймаршрут
accurately-точно
an access-доступ
an access-доступ
constantly-постоянно
drastically-решительно
encoding-зашифрованный
host-множество
inseparable-неотделимый
owing to-вследствие, благодаря
the wireless station-радиостанция
to conduct transaction-вестидела
to embrace-соединять
to intercept-прерывать
to keep up-бытьвкурсе
to knock out-выключать
to replace-вернуть
to survive-пережить
to transmit-передавать
to utilize-использовать
II. Study the following text:
The Internet
The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them.
This technology is called packet switching. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them. One such packet-switching network already survived a war. It was the Iraq computer network, which was not knocked out during the Gulf War.
Most Internet host computers (more than 50%) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairy accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet. There are millions and their number is growing by thousands each month world-wide.
The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of people, who have access to the Internet, use the networks only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading news, using the World Wide Web, telnet etc.
Computers play a very important part in our life. They help people in their work and studies. They save us a lot of time. While at school I often made use of the Internet to collect information for my test papers and compositions. Computers give access to a lot of information. It is possible to find data and descriptions, chapters from necessary books… to make a long story short, everything you need. The Internet, a global computer network, which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive in a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50%) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet. There are millions and their number is growing by thousands each month worldwide. Users of computers on a network can send messages to each other, utilizing the same collections of data or information. In many offices and organizations computer messages have replaced messages written on paper, and they are now called e-mail or electronic mail. E-mail is not only fast and easy (if you understand how to use the computer), but it also saves paper and the work of moving paper from one place to another. Workers can send and receive e-mail without leaving their desks and their desktop computers. The Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunication systems of their communities. Commercial users can communicate over the Internet with the rest of the world and can do it very cheaply. But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, they increase the commercial use of this network. For example, some American banks and companies conduct transactions over the Internet. So, you see that the Internet is an inseparable part of our life.
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III. Give the English equivalents for:
Глобальная компьютерная сеть, ядерная война, самый короткий путь, пакетная коммуникация, выключать, самая популярная служба Интернета, иметь доступ в Интернет, посылать электронную почту, решительное увеличение, передавать сообщение, постоянно перехватывать, зашифрованные программы, вести сделки по Интернету, экономить время, собирать информацию, найти любую информацию, глобальная компьютерная сеть, послать информацию по Интернету, посылать сообщения друг другу, общаться по Интернету, совершать сделки по Интернету.
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IV. Answer the questions:
1.What is the Internet?
2.Where did the Internet begin?
3.Why was the Internet designed?
4.What is the most popular Internet service?
5.How do people use the Internet?
6.How can the commercial users communicate over the Internet?
7.How does the computer help pupils at school?
8.Is it comfortable to send messages to each other?
9. How do the commercial users use the Internet?
10.How do the American banks use the Internet?
11.Why does the American bank use the Internet?
Unit 13.
I. Learn the following words and expressions:
disaster- беда, бедствие, несчастье
agentprograms- концепции агентов
attempt – пытаться, стремиться
carryout - выполнять
crypting/ decrypting – шифрование, расшифровка
default– невыполнение, несоблюдение
deletion - удаление
destroy – разрушать
destructive – разрушительный, уничтожительный
devastate – истощать, опустошать
executable - выполняемый
protection - защита
remarkable - примечательный
restrict - ограничивать
satisfactory – удовлетворительный
differentiate – различать, разграничивать
fight – бороться
virology - вирусология
wiping – вытирать, протирать
worm – червяк, червь
II. Study the following text: