РАЗДЕЛ II
Задание № 1
В каждой из предлагаемых ниже фраз есть слово или словосочетание, нуждающееся либо в расширении, либо в сужении значения. Опираясь на внутрифразовый контекст, переведите их, пользуясь приемом конкретизации или генерализации:
1. His hands were short and broad.
2. There was a similar campaign about 10 years ago.
3.From her corner she could see every inch of the big room.
4.It turned my limbs leaden.
5.Our challenge now is to promote ideas of freedom.
6.The lady's hat was an elaborate affair of ribbons and feathers.
7.Martin's performance at the exam was, unfortunately, far from perfect.
8.It is now perfectly clear to me that my previous pattern of life was gone for ever.
9. If you make up your mind to visit Madrid I can be of some help to you. I've got a nice little place
there and I'm sure you'll find it very comfortable.
10.All the houses along the seafront promenade had black, blank windows, for this was a summer place, in February it was only half alive.
11.She had been in perfect health when she stepped off the kerb in Piccadilly and the car had killed her.
12.James looked furtively at Irene, and across from her to Soames. "He's fond of her, I know," he thought, "Look at the way he's always giving her things. "
Задание № 2
He переводя всего предложения, определите, каким словом вы перевели бы существительное men, которое требует конкретизации:
1.Before he left, Columbus also told his men to build a fort and moat to impress the Indians.
2.The news trickled back that General Lee had issued orders that no private property in Pennsylvania should be touched, that looting world be punished by death... Not turn the men loose in the rich storehouses of that prosperous state?
3.Scarlett was indignant that he had read her mind. She liked to believe herself a mystery to men, but she knew Rhett thought her as transparent as glass.
4.Nowadays the only news was that which passed from mouth to mouth. Short of paper, short of ink, short of men, the newspapers had suspended publications after the siege began, and the wildest rumors appeared from nowhere and swept through the town.
5.The Vikings began their expeditions from the Scandinavian countries about 800 A.D. and went on until about 1000 A.D. While trading, looting and conquering, these tall, blond, blue-eyed men found their way to the British Isles, the Frankish empire and the Mediterranean, to the Baltic lands, Russia, Byzantium, Iceland, Greenland and America.
Задание № 3
В следующем упражнении обратите внимание на выделенные слова и словосочетания. При переводе предложений вам придется воспользоваться приемом логического развития:
l.He saw that she was near tears.
2. Be liberal with your encouragement and your students will make better progress.
3. You must have some discipline over your emotions.
4.He’d never drive under the influence of alcohol.
5.She thinks it never hurts to have friends in high places.
6.This point of view clashes with historical facts.
7.Is the house stirring early on my account?
8.In the office he was one of the most consistent nine-to- fivers.
9.They have argued that the South Vietnamese were ineffective fighters.
10. The gales which were the worst in living memory caused devastation in some coastal regions.
11. There are so many roses in the room that I'm practically suffocated. It's like a garden that will
never come true.
Задание № 4
Переведите следующие предложения. При переводе выделенной части предложений воспользуйтесь приемом целостного преобразования:
1. Sooner or later, the depression will mend and we will be back to where we were.
2.He is one of those inarticulate men who find it hard to put things into words.
3. Nobody is jumping up and down at the idea.
4.That’s why I married you so young. To catch you before you become set in your ways.
5.His last words on the phone were: "Do you get the picture?" And the line went dead.
6.(The doctor to a patient) " How have things been?"
7.(A client to the clerk) "May I ask you one more question?" — " Go ahead,"
8.Oh, I am terribly sorry. I thought you were someone else.
Задание № 5
В данном упражнении антонимический перевод является предпочтительным или
единственно возможным. Перед тем как переводить следующие предложения, постарайтесь определить, в каких случаях у вас есть возможность выбора из двух или более вариантов, а в каких нормы русского языка диктуют единственный вариант перевода:
l.He keeps the fortune from falling into the hands of greedy relatives.
2. "Macon, are you awake? "
З.ТЪе ambulance was a long time coming.
4-He stayed out of the sun during the middle part of the day.
5.Alexander fought to hold a grin back.
6." Any objection to roast chicken?" Jenny asked.
7.The elder boys were still up, sitting around the TV.
8.He followed her into a large department store, careful to remain out of sight
9.She keeps this room locked. The maids have been ordered to keep out.
10. This was a mystery beyond the inspector's power to solve.
11. He entered the suite, trying to keep his knees from trembling. He almost blurted out, "Where's the emerald?"
12. (In the Zoo) " Don't the animals hate being locked up, Papa?" the boy asked.
13. Alice shrieked and clapped her hands to her ears to shut out the sound she had imagined.
14. He left the form on the counter and walked out very quickly keeping a hand in his pocket to silence his keys.
Задание № 6
Переведите текст на русский язык:
NEW YORK by Mitreille Vautier
New York defies description. You can say anything about it and always be right; if you listen to different people talking about it, they could each be describing a different town. For some, it's a center of art, music and theater; for others, a city of finance and politics. For manufacturers it's a bottomless market, for safe-crackers, Ali Baba's cave.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century Manhattan was mostly swamp — so unhealthy that there was an epidemic of yellow fever, a disease more often associated with tropical regions. While the fine residential streets of London and the grand boulevards of Paris were being built, chickens were scratching around the muddy streets of New York. Rickety shacks housed people — and pigs; it wasn't until 1867 that a municipal decree was passed, forbidding people to let their pigs run freely through the streets.
Although rich shipowners and financiers were building luxurious hotels and mansions, the newly arrived immigrants lived in disgusting slums. Buildings were divided and subdivided to accomodate as many people as possible; some even collapsed under the weight of extra storeys hastily added on. People lived in tenements which were nothing more that rows of dark cages: no lighting, running water or windows. According to police reports of the time, children died simply from lack of fresh air. Fires and diseases were a part of normal life.
In 1875 the population of New York was one million; twenty five years later it was over three and a half million. New inventions were developed to deal with the population expansion. At breakneck speed New York covered itself with trains, suspension bridges, elevated railways, steamboats, and then skyscrapers. The first skyscraper was put up in 1888. It had only thirteen storeys, but the next had twenty two, the Empire State Building had 102, and now the World Trade Center has reached 110. Manhattan solved the space problem by building up. But although the population of New York has stabilized, the city continues to construct itself.
Statistics are impressive. New York City has five boroughs and shelters roughly eight million people — sixteen million if you include the suburbs. But each day the city fills up with another four million who work here but live somewhere else. The subway uses 7,000 cars to transport five million people each day. New Yorkers produce 3 kg of garbage per day — that represents 200,000 tons to collect every day from 9,000 km of streets and avenues. The police force employs 25,000 officers — the equivalent of the population of Monaco. It's not surprising that being a mayor of New York is supposed to be the most difficult job in the world.
New York is not a city; it is a world of many cities which crowd together. There are business cities which die each day at five o'clock, neon pleasure cities where bars and cinemas shelter noisy crowds, middle-class cities with elegant street lighting and sad cities where no trees grow. New York is all of these and more.