You know how to say all the numbers in English. Here we look at how combinations of numbers are said aloud.
BrE = British English
AmE = North American English
Fractions
Fractions are normally spoken as in these examples:
| ½ | a (one) half |
| ¼ | a (one) quarter |
| ¾ | three quarters |
| ⅛ | a (one) eighth |
| ⅔ | two thirds |
| ¼ kilometre | a quarter of a kilometre |
| ½ centimetre | half a centimetre |
Complex fractions and expressions of division are usually said with over.
| 27 | twenty-seven over two hundred twenty-seven divided by two hundred |
Decimals
Decimals are normally spoken as in these examples:
0.36 nought point three six (BrE); zero point three six (AmE)
5.2 five point two
Percentages
Percentages are spoken as per cent.
16.3 % sixteen point three per cent
Calculations
Calculations are normally said in the following ways:
| 7 + 3 | = 10 | seven and three is / are ten (informal) seven plus three equals ten (more formal) |
| 28 –6 | = 22 | six from twenty-eight is / leaves twenty-two (informal); twenty-eight minus six equals twenty-two (more formal) |
| 8´2 | = 16 | eight twos are sixteen (informal BrE) eight times two is sixteen (informal) (the most common form in AmE) eight by two is / equals sixteen (informal) eight multiplied by two equals / is sixteen (more formal) |
| 27 ∕ 9 | = 3 | twenty-seven divided by nine equals three |
| 500 ± 5 | five hundred plus or minus five | |
| >300 <200 | greater than three hundred less than two hundred | |
| 32 | = 9 | three squared is / equals nine |
| √ 16 | = 4 | the (square) root of sixteen is four |
| 33 | = 27 | three cubed is / equals twenty-seven |
| 3√ 8 | = 2 | the cube root of eight is two |
| 24 | = 16 | two to the power of 4 is / equals sixteen (AmE = two to the fourth power). |
3. Units of measurement
Although the metric system is now common in the UK and other English-speaking countries, non-metric units are still used in many contexts, especially in the USA.
Units of length and distance are normally spoken as follows:
| 3 in, 3" | three inches | |
| 2 ft 7 in, 2' 7" | two feet seven inches (or, very informally, two foot seven inches) | |
| 500 yds | five hundred yards | |
| 3 m (AmE = 3 mi.) | three miles | |
| 500 mm | five hundred millimetres (or, more informally, five hundred m-m) | |
| 1.5 cm | one point five centimeters | |
| Units of area are normally spoken as follows: | ||
| 11 sqft | eleven square feet | |
| 5 sq m, 5m2 | five square metres | |
| 7.25 cm2 | seven point two five square centimetres | |
Units of weight are normally spoken as follows:
| 3 oz | three ounces |
| 5 lb | five pounds |
| 300 g | three hundred grams |
| 18.75 kg | eighteen point seven five kilograms |
| Units of volume, capacity and temperature are normally spoken as follows: | |
| 300 cc | three hundred cubic centimetres (or, less formally, three hundred c-c |
| 5 pt | five pints |
| 3.2 gal | three point two gallons |
| 75 cl | seventy-five centiliters |
| 200 1 | two hundred litres |
| 20° | twenty degrees |
4. Common symbols
|
|
& "ampersand" – this symbol is read as "and"
* asterisk
© copyright symbol
™ trademark symbol
® registered trademark
• bullet point
۷ BrE = tick; AmE = check
X BrE = cross; AmE = an "X"
# BrE = hash symbol (Note: in American English, this symbol is used for numbers, e. g. #28 AmE; no. 28 BrE)
@ this symbol is read as "at" – used in email addresses
∞ infinity symbol
" this symbol is read as "ditto" – used in lists to avoid writing a word if the same word is written immediately above it
Использованная Литература
1. Захарова, А. В. Getting ready for your finals / А. В. Захарова. – М.: Высшая школа экономики, 2011. – 244 с.
2. Зинкевич, Н. А. English Masters Course / Н. А. Зинкевич, Т. В. Андрюхина, Е. Е. Иванова. – М.: Айрис-пресс, 2011. – 210 с.
3. Кузьменкова, Ю. Б. Academic project presentations / Ю. Б. Кузьмен-кова. – М.: МАКСПРЕСС, 2009. – 138 с.
4. Маркушевская, Л. П. English for Masters / Л. П. Маркушевская,
Т. К. Чарская, Н. В. Ермошина, Н. Н. Крашенинникова, С. Е. Калабина. – СПб.: СПбГУ ИТМО, 2010. – 206 с.
5. Grussendorf, M. English for presentations / M. Grussendorf. – Oxford University Press, 2011. – 80 p.
6. Powell, M. Presenting in English / M. Powell. – Heinle CENGAGE Learning, 2010. – 128 p.
Интернет-ресурсы
1. https://sana.tkk.fi/awe/style/sentence/index.html
2. https://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/general/plagiarism/index.xml
3. https://www.une.edu.au/tls/aso/aso-online/academic-writing/academic-style.php
4. https://learninghub.une.edu.au/tlc/aso/aso-online/academic-writing/ beginner-paragraphs.php
5. https://www.ncl.ac.uk/students/wdc/learning/academic/language.htm
6. https://library.bcu.ac.uk/learner/writingguides/1.20.htm
7. https://icosa.hkbu.edu.hk/vocabulary/resources/hedging/index.html
8. https://www.examenglish.com/vocabulary/academic_wordlist.html
Учебное издание
Т. П. Волкова, А. В. Малаева, И. В. Смирнова
ACADEMIC ENGLISH FOR MASTER STUDENTS