1. For all its advantages, modern technology is certainly not (simple) than traditional equipment.
2. In some respects, office work will be (easy) in the future; in others it will be (difficult).
3. There will be (little) paperwork than in the case now, and most certainly (few) written documents.
4. What is more, there will be technologies enabling office workers to have (direct) contact with each other.
5Companies will be able to set up teleworking facilities (far) away from their headquarters.
6. In fact, there is no reason why such workstations shouldn’t be established in the (remote) parts of the country.
7. It goes without saying that tomorrow’s office employees will be (skilled) than their counterparts today.
8. Firms which rely on traditional methods will see their situation go from bad to (bad).
9. (Clever) staff members will no doubt welcome the introduction of new technologies.
10. It’s hard to say whether office work is going to be (pleasant) in future.
XIV. Вспомните правила использования Герундия и Инфинитива (Gerund&Infinitive). Познакомьтесь с таблицей, перепишите ее в Exercise book, она поможет вам сделать следующее упражнение.
VERB + GERUND
| COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS enjoy (a) I enjoy working in my garden. finish (b) Bob finished studying at midnight. stop (c) It stopped raining a few minutes ago. quit (d) David quit smoking. mind (e) Would you mind opening the door? postpone (f) I postponed doing my homework. put off (g) I put off doing my homework. keep (h) Keep working. Don’t stop. keep on (i) Keep on working. Don’t stop. consider (j) I’m considering going to Hawaii. think about (k) I’m thinking about going to Hawaii. discuss (l) They discussed getting a new car. talk about (m) They talked about getting a new car. Gerund is also used after verbs: delay, imagine, avoid, miss, involve, practice, suggest, deny, give up, carry on, go on. | Gerunds are used as the objects of the verbs in the list. The list also contains phrasal verbs (e.g. put off) that are followed by gerunds. These verbs are not followed by infinities. For example: INCORRECT: I enjoy to work. INCORRECT: Bob finished to study. INCORRECT: I’m thinking to go to Hawaii. |
| (n) I considered not going to class. | Negative form: not + gerund |
VERB + INFINITIVE
| (a) Tom offered t lend me some money. (b) I’ve decided to buy a new car. | Some verbs are followed by an infinitive: AN INFINITIVE= to + the simple form of a verb. |
| (c) I’ve decided not to keep my old car. | Negative form: not+ infinitive |
| COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES want hope decide see learn (how) need expect promise appear try would like plan offer pretend aim would love intend agree arrange (can’t) afford mean refuse forget (can’t) wait manage fail |
VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE
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| (a) It began to rain. (b) It began raining. | Some verbs are followed by either an infinitive or a gerund. Usually there is no difference in meaning. (a) and (b) have the same meaning. |
| COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER A GERUND OR AN INFINITIVE begin like hate start love can’t stand continue |
PREPOSITION + GERUND
| (a) Kate insistedon coming with us. (b) We’ re excitedabout going to Tahiti. (c) I apologize d for being late. | A preposition is followed by a gerund, not an infinitive. In (a): preposition (on) + gerund (coming) |
XV. От глаголов в скобках образуйте формы Инфинитива или Герундия закон и занесите законченные предложения в Exercise book.
1. I especially like (work) with the newly installed hi-tech equipment.
2. The size of the office staff needs (reduce).
3. We got the contract finished in time by (take on) temporary staff.
4. I’m looking forward to (work) with the new computers.
5. I used to (work) much harder before I got my new computer.
6. I must stop (refer) to the computer handbook all the time.
7. I really should finish this letter, but I must stop (go) to the bank before it closes.
8. I was beginning (get) frustrated with the complexities of the software program.
9. When I first began (use) computers I found the work exceedingly tiring.
10. Would you advise me (take) on more staff?
11. I remember (meet) this client when I was in New York.
12. Remember (phone) the sales manager!
13. You should check the printer before (switch) it off.
Критерии оценивания работы над пособием:
Лексико-грамматические упражнения пособия №1,4,6,8,10,11,12,13,14,15 максимально оцениваются в 2 балла каждое. Упражнения №2,3,5,7, 9 – в 4 балла каждое.
Общая сумма баллов составляет максимум 40 баллов, минимальное количество составляет 35 баллов.
Ключи к упражнениям:
Exercise III.
1. Teleworking is an arrangement which enables employees to work at any time or place in an effective and efficient manner. Work can be done away from a traditional work place such as an office or a factory but with the development of telecommunication systems and information technology.
2. There are basically five distinct kinds of teleworking activities: home teleworking, mobile teleworking, telecottage, satellite centres, telecommuting.
3. The most common is home teleworking because the employee uses his or her place of residence as a kind of office and does work at home.
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4. The idea here is that a location, usually in a rural area but which has all the essential telecommunications and computer hardware, is shared by several firms.
5. The telecottage acts as a kind of employment agent putting distant companies in touch with local people to do the work.
6. Teleworking interests companies because it helps them economize.
7. Remote working can have its drawbacks among which is the inevitable isolation. It could lead to employees working for longer hours and less money than they would be in an office. Besides workers could lose touch with the company and be passed over for promotion. The lack of face-to-face conversations, discussions and decisions that are made in a company make employees miss out on all that.
8. To meet the complaints of being isolated the companies have introduced a series of local work centres where homeworkers could do their jobs together. Now their time is divided between three locations: home, the local work centre and clients’ premises.
Exercise IV.
1. home teleworking
2. mobile teleworking
3. telecottage
4. Small local offices are shared by the same employees of one particular firm, located in the suburbs close to people’s homes and so it means less travelling.
5. The worker is based part-time at home and part-time at the office.
Exercise V.
Benefits of teleworking: It can help companies to retain skilled staff while cutting costs. There can be economies in salaries if the work is moved to staff who live away from the main skill shortage centres. Teleworking can also make for more efficient use of employees’ time: no commuting to work, working at the pace wanted, no time-wasting office gossip, communicating with colleagues over the phone, fax and e-mail at any time at home.
Drawbacks of teleworking: The inevitable isolation could lead to employees working for longer hours and less money than they would be in an office. Besides workers could lose touch with the company and be passed over for promotion. The lack of face-to-face conversations, discussions and decisions that are made in a company make employees miss out on all that.
Exercise VIII.
1. promotion ladder, retirement
2. loyalty
3. personal identity, position in society, personal fulfillment
4. senior executives, benefits
5. staff, promotion
6. advancements
7. message notes and memos
8. electronic facilities
9. view phone, video conferencing
10. conduct
Exercise X.
1. The Leisure Industry; Work; Trading; Education and Government
2. Different on-line services and facilities through the internet
3. The pace of life is getting faster
4. Learning to multitask
Exercise XI.
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Different, on-line, travel, air, tickets, facilities cyber, reservations, real, goods, improve, access, education, interact, decision-making, pace of life, stress at work, longer, faster, more powerful, more, to multitask, the advance, multitasking.
IT Age
Exercise XIII.
1. simpler
2. easier, more difficult
3. less, fewer
4. more direct
5. further
6. more remote
7. more skilled
8. worse
9. cleverer
10. more pleasant
Exercise XV.
1. working 2. reducing 3. taking on 4. working 5. work 6. referring 7. going
8. to get 9. to use 10. to take 11. meeting 12. to phone 13. switching
Контрольная работа № 2